Bassoon: kuyini, umsindo, izinhlobo, isakhiwo, umlando

Usuku oluqondile lokuzalwa kwe-bassoon alukasungulwa, kodwa leli thuluzi lomculo livela eNkathini Ephakathi. Naphezu kwemvelaphi yayo yasendulo, isathandwa nanamuhla, iyingxenye ebalulekile yamabhendi e-symphony nethusi.

Yini i-bassoon

I-Bassoon ingeyeqembu lezinsimbi zomculo ezifuthwayo. Igama lakhe isiNtaliyane, elihunyushwa ngokuthi "inqwaba", "ifindo", "inyanda yezinkuni". Ngaphandle, kubukeka njengeshubhu eligobile kancane, elide, elifakwe uhlelo lwe-valve oluyinkimbinkimbi, umoba ophindwe kabili.

I-timbre ye-bassoon ibhekwa njengento ecacile, ehlanganiswe nama-overtones kulo lonke uhla. Ngokuvamile, amarejista ama-2 ayasebenza - aphansi, aphakathi (okuphezulu kuncane okufunwayo: amanothi azwakala ngokuphoqelelwa, inkathi, ikhala).

Ubude be-bassoon evamile bungamamitha angu-2,5, isisindo silinganiselwa ku-3 kg. Izinto zokwenziwa ziwukhuni, hhayi noma iyiphi, kodwa i-maple kuphela.

Isakhiwo se-bassoon

Umklamo uqukethe izingxenye ezi-4 eziyinhloko:

• idolo eliphansi, elibizwa nangokuthi "i-boot", "trunk";
• idolo elincane;
• idolo elikhulu;
• ukuhlakazwa.

Isakhiwo siyagoqeka. Ingxenye ebalulekile ingilazi noma "es" - ithubhu lensimbi eligobile elisuka edolweni elincane, elifana no-S ohlakeni. Umhlanga ophindwe kabili ugxunyekwe phezu kwengilazi - into esebenza ukukhipha umsindo.

Icala lifakwe inombolo enkulu yezimbobo (izicucu ezingu-25-30): ngokuvula nokuvala ngokuhlukile, umculi ushintsha iphimbo. Akunakwenzeka ukulawula zonke izimbobo: umenzi uxhumana ngokuqondile nabaningana babo, bonke abanye baqhutshwa umshini oyinkimbinkimbi.

ukuzwakala

Umsindo we-bassoon awujwayelekile, ngakho-ke insimbi ayithenjwa ezingxenyeni eziyedwa ku-orchestra. Kodwa ngemithamo elinganiselayo, lapho kudingekile ukugcizelela ama-nuances womsebenzi, kudingekile.

Kurejista ephansi, umsindo ufana nokugedla okushisayo; uma uphakamisa kancane, uthola isisusa esidabukisayo, esinezingoma; amanothi aphezulu anikezwa insimbi ngobunzima, azwakala engekho melodious.

Ububanzi be-bassoon bulinganiselwa ku-3,5 octaves. Irejista ngayinye ibonakala nge-timbre engavamile: irejista engezansi inemisindo ebukhali, ecebile, "yethusi", ephakathi inemisindo ethambile, emnandi, eyindilinga. Imisindo yerejista ephezulu isetshenziswa kuyaqabukela: ithola umbala wamakhala, umsindo ucindezelwe, kunzima ukuwenza.

Umlando wethuluzi

Idlozi eliqondile liyinsimbi yakudala ye-woodwind, i-bombarda. Njengoba inkulu kakhulu, iyinkimbinkimbi ngesakhiwo, yenza kube nzima ukuyisebenzisa, yahlukaniswa yaba izingxenye zayo.

Izinguquko zaba nomphumela onenzuzo hhayi kuphela ekuhambeni kwensimbi, kodwa ngomsindo wayo: i-timbre yaba yinto ethambile, emnene, evumelana kakhulu. Umklamo omusha ekuqaleni wawubizwa ngokuthi "dulciano" (ohunyushwe kusukela ku-Italian - "gentle").

Izibonelo zokuqala zama-bassoon zanikezwa ngama-valve amathathu, ekhulwini le-XVIII inani lama-valve lenyuka laya kwabahlanu. Ikhulu le-11 yisikhathi sokuthandwa kakhulu kwethuluzi. Imodeli iphinde yathuthukiswa: ama-valve angu-XNUMX avela emzimbeni. I-bassoon yaba yingxenye yama-orchestra, abaculi abadumile, abaqambi babhala imisebenzi, ukusebenza kwayo okuhilela ukubamba iqhaza kwakhe ngokuqondile. Phakathi kwabo kukhona u-A. Vivaldi, W. Mozart, J. Haydn.

Izingcweti ezibe negalelo elibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwe-bassoon abaphathi bebhendi ngomsebenzi ongu-K. Almenderer, I. Haeckel. Ngekhulu le-17, izingcweti zakha imodeli ye-valve engu-XNUMX, kamuva eyaba yisisekelo sokukhiqizwa kwezimboni.

Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: ekuqaleni izinkuni ze-maple zazisebenza njengento ebonakalayo, leli siko alishintshile kuze kube yilolu suku. Kukholakala ukuthi i-bassoon eyenziwe nge-maple inomsindo omuhle kakhulu. Okuhlukile amamodeli ezemfundo ezikole zomculo ezenziwe ngepulasitiki.

Ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX, i-repertoire yensimbi yanda: baqala ukubhala izingxenye ezibodwa, amakhonsathi ayo, futhi bayifaka ku-orchestra ye-symphony. Namuhla, ngaphezu kwabadlali be-classical, isetshenziswa ngenkuthalo yi-jazzmen.

Izinhlobonhlobo ze-bassoon

Kwakukhona izinhlobo ezi-3, kodwa uhlobo olulodwa kuphela olufunwa ngabaculi banamuhla.

1. I-Quartfagot. Ihluke ngosayizi abanyukile. Amanothi akhe ayebhalwe njenge-bassoon evamile, kodwa ayezwakala ngekota ephakeme kunaleyo ebhaliwe.
2. I-Quint bassoon (i-bassoon). Yayinosayizi omncane, izwakala njengengxenye yesihlanu ephakeme kunaleyo ebhaliwe.
3. Contrabassoon. Okuhlukile okusetshenziswa abathandi bomculo besimanje.

Dlala indlela

Ukudlala i-bassoon akulula: umculi usebenzisa izandla zombili, yonke iminwe - lokhu akudingekile nganoma iyiphi enye insimbi ye-orchestra. Kuzodinga futhi umsebenzi wokuphefumula: ukushintshanisa amavesi esikali, ukusetshenziswa kokweqa okuhlukahlukene, i-arpeggios, imishwana emnandi yokuphefumula okuphakathi.

Ikhulu lesi-XNUMX lacebisa indlela yokudlala ngamasu amasha:

• i-stokatto kabili;
• isitoko kathathu;
• i-frulatto;
• i-tremolo;
• ithoni yesithathu, ithoni yekota;
• ama-multiphonics.

Izingoma eziqanjwe ngazodwa zivele emculweni, ezibhalelwe abaculi be-bassoon.

Abadlali Abadumile

Ukuthandwa kwe-counterbassoon akukukhulu njenge, isibonelo, i-pianoforte. Nokho kukhona abaculi be-bassoon ababhale amagama abo emlandweni womculo, asebengompetha abaziwayo bokudlala le nsimbi enzima. Elinye lamagama ngelakithi.

1. VS Popov. UProfesa, isazi-mlando sezobuciko, umpetha wokudlala i-virtuoso. Usebenze nama-orchestra aphambili emhlabeni kanye nama-chamber ensembles. Ikhulise isizukulwane esilandelayo sabadlali be-bassoon abathole impumelelo encomekayo. Ungumbhali wezindatshana zesayensi, iziqondiso zokudlala izinsimbi ezifuthwayo.
2. K. Thunemann. I-bassoonist yaseJalimane. Kwaphela isikhathi eside efunda ukudlala upiyano, wabe eseba nesithakazelo ku-bassoon. Wayenguthishanhloko we-bassoonist we-Hamburg Symphony Orchestra. Namuhla ufundisa ngenkuthalo, uqhuba imisebenzi yekhonsathi, wenza yedwa, unikeza amakilasi amakhulu.
3. M. Turkovich. Umculi wase-Austrian. Wafinyelela ezingeni eliphakeme lekhono, wamukelwa eVienna Symphony Orchestra. Ungumnikazi wamamodeli wesimanje futhi wasendulo wensimbi. Uyafundisa, avakashe, aqophe amakhonsathi.
4. L. Sharrow. American, chief bassoonist of the Chicago, then Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestras.

I-bassoon iyinsimbi eyaziwa kancane emphakathini. Kodwa lokhu akukwenzi kungafaneleki ukunakwa, kunalokho, ngokuphambene nalokho: kuyoba usizo kunoma yimuphi umculi womculo ukufunda okwengeziwe ngaye.