URalph Vaughan Williams |
Okuqukethwe
URalph Vaughan Williams
Umqambi wesiNgisi, umculi nomculi womculo womphakathi, umqoqi kanye nomcwaningi wezinganekwane zomculo zesiNgisi. Wafunda e-Trinity College, eNyuvesi yaseCambridge noC. Wood naseRoyal College of Music eLondon (1892-96) no-X. Parry noC. Stanford (ukwakheka), W. Parrett (isitho); kuthuthukiswe ekuqanjweni kwe-M. Bruch e-Berlin, no-M. Ravel e-Paris. Kusukela ngo-1896-99 wayeyi-oganist eSouth Lambeth Church eLondon. Kusukela ngo-1904 ubeyilungu le-Folk Song Society. Kusukela ngo-1919 wafundisa ukuqamba eRoyal College of Music (kusukela ngo-1921 uprofesa). Ngo-1920-28 inhloko ye-Bach Choir.
UVaughan Williams ungomunye wabasunguli besikole esisha sesiNgisi sokuqamba (“Ukuvuselelwa komculo wesiNgisi”), esamemezela isidingo sokudala umculo kazwelonke wochwepheshe osuselwe kumlando womculo wamaNgisi kanye namasiko ongcweti abangamaNgisi bekhulu le-16 nele-17; wagomela imibono yakhe ngomsebenzi wakhe, ewuhlanganisa emisebenzini yezinhlobo ezahlukene: 3 “Norfolk rhapsodies” (“Norfolk rhapsodies”, 1904-06) ye-symphony orchestra, amaphupho ngendikimba ye-Tallis ye-orchestra enezintambo ezimbili (“Fantasia on itimu kaTallis”, 1910), i-2nd London Symphony (“London symphony”, 1914, 2nd ed. 1920), i-opera ethi “Hugh the Gurtmaker” (op. 1914), njll.
Aphumelele kakhulu emkhakheni womculo we-symphonic nowomculo wamakhwaya. Emisebenzini eminingi ye-symphonic kaVaughan Williams, iziqephu zomlando wabantu baseNgilandi zifakwe, izithombe ezingokoqobo zokuphila kweNgilandi yesimanje ziyaphinda zenziwe, izinto zomculo azithathela zona ikakhulukazi emlandweni womculo wamaNgisi.
Imisebenzi yama-symphonic kaVaughan-Williams ihlukaniswa ngemvelo yayo emangalisayo (i-symphony yesine), ukucaca komculo, ubuciko bokuhola izwi, nobuhlakani bokucula, lapho kuzwakala khona ithonya le-Impressionists. Phakathi kwezingoma eziyisikhumbuzo, ze-symphonic kanye namakhwaya kukhona ama-oratorio nama-cantata ahloselwe ukusebenza kwesonto. Kuma-opera, “Sir John in Love” (“Sir John in Love”, 4, okusekelwe kwethi “The Windsor Gossips” kaW. Shakespeare) ijabulela impumelelo enkulu. UVaughan Williams wayengomunye wabaqambi bokuqala besiNgisi abasebenza ngokuzikhandla ebhayisikobho (i-symphony yakhe yesi-1929 yabhalwa ngesisekelo somculo wefilimu mayelana nomhloli we-polar u-RF Scott).
Umsebenzi kaVaughan-Williams ubonakala ngesilinganiso semibono, imvelaphi yezindlela zomculo nezivezayo, ukuthambekela kobuntu nokushisekela izwe. Umsebenzi kaVaughan-Williams wokubhala nokugxeka kanye nobuntatheli udlale indima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kwesiko lomculo wesiNgisi lekhulu lama-20.
MM Yakovlev
Ukwakhiwa:
ama-opera (6) – Hugh the driver (1924, London), The poisoned kiss (The poisoned kiss, 1936, Cambridge), Riders to the sea (1937, London), The pilgrim’s progress, no to Benyan, 1951, London) and others ; amabhalethi - Inkosi endala uCole (iNkosi endala uCole, 1923), ubusuku bukaKhisimusi (Ngobusuku bukaKhisimusi, 1926, Chicago), uJobe (Jobe, 1931, London); ama-oratories, ama-cantata; ye-orchestra - 9 ama-symphonies (1909-58), kuhlanganisa. isofthiwe – 1st, Marine (A sea symphony, 1910, for choir, soloists and orchestra to words by W. Whitman), 3rd, Pastoral (Pastoral, 1921), 6th (1947, after “The Tempest” by U. Shakespeare), 7th, Antarctic (Sinfonia antarctica, 1952); amakhonsathi wezinsimbi, ama-chamber ensembles; upiyano kanye nezitho zomzimba; amakhwaya, izingoma; izinhlelo zezingoma zomdabu zesiNgisi; umculo wetiyetha kanye ne-cinema.
Imisebenzi yemibhalo: Ukwakhiwa komculo. I-Afterword namanothi ka-SA Kondratiev, M., 1961.
References: Konen W., Ralph Vaughan Williams. I-Essay ngempilo nokudala, M., 1958.
