UPietro Mascagni |

UPietro Mascagni

Maskany. “Udumo lwasemaphandleni”. I-Intermezzo (umqhubi - T. Serafin)

Kuyize ukucabanga ukuthi impumelelo enkulu, emangalisayo yale nsizwa ingumphumela wokukhangisa okukhaliphile ... UMascagni, ngokusobala, akayena nje umuntu onekhono kakhulu, kodwa futhi uhlakaniphe kakhulu. Waqaphela ukuthi okwamanje umoya wobuqiniso, ukuhlangana kobuciko neqiniso lokuphila, ukuyo yonke indawo, ukuthi umuntu onezinkanuko nosizi uyaqondakala futhi useduze kakhulu nathi kunonkulunkulu kanye nezithixo. Ngobuciko be-Italian nje kuphela nobuhle, ubonisa amadrama empilo awakhethayo, futhi umphumela uwumsebenzi ocishe ube nozwelo olungenakuvinjelwa futhi okhanga umphakathi. P. Tchaikovsky

U-P. Mascagni wazalelwa emndenini wombhaki, umthandi womculo omkhulu. Eqaphela amakhono omculo endodana yakhe, uyise, ebeka imali encane, waqasha uthisha wengane - u-baritone Emilio Bianchi, owalungiselela uPietro ukuthi avunyelwe ukungena ku-Music Lyceum. Ikherubini. Lapho eneminyaka engu-13, njengomfundi wokuqala, uMascagni wabhala i-Symphony ku-C minor kanye ne-"Ave Maria", eyenziwa ngempumelelo enkulu. Khona-ke le nsizwa enekhono yaqhubeka nezifundo zayo zokuqamba eMilan Conservatory no-A. Ponchielli, lapho uG. Puccini afunda khona ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ngemva kokuphothula e-Conservatory (1885), uMascagni waba umqhubi nomholi wamaqembu e-operetta, ahamba naye emadolobheni ase-Italy, futhi wanikeza izifundo futhi wabhala umculo. Ngenkathi inkampani yokushicilela i-Sonzogno imemezela umncintiswano we-opera enomlingisi oyedwa, uMascagni wacela umngane wakhe u-G. Torgioni-Tozzetti ukuthi abhale i-libretto esuselwe kudrama ka-G. Verga evusa amadlingozi ethi Rural Honor. I-opera yayisilungile ezinyangeni ezi-2. Kodwa-ke, engenalo ithemba lokuwina, uMascagni akazange athumele "ingqondo" yakhe emncintiswaneni. Lokhu kwenziwa, ngasese kumyeni wakhe, ngumkakhe. I-Rural Honor yaklonyeliswa ngomklomelo wokuqala, futhi umqambi wathola umfundaze wanyanga zonke iminyaka emi-2. Ukuhlelwa kwe-opera eRoma ngoMeyi 17, 1890 kwaba ukunqoba kangangokuthi umqambi wayengenaso isikhathi sokusayina izinkontileka.

I-Mascagni's Rural Honor iphawule ukuqala kwe-verismo, isiqondiso esisha sokusebenza. I-Verism yaxhashazwa kakhulu lezo zindlela zolimi lobuciko ezadala imiphumela yokuvezwa okukhulu kakhulu, imizwa evulekile, enqunu, futhi yaba nesandla ekufanekisweni okumibalabala kwempilo yabampofu basemadolobheni nasemaphandleni. Ukwakha isimo sezimo zemizwa ezifiphele, uMascagni ngokokuqala ngqa ku-opera wasebenzisa lokho okubizwa ngokuthi “i-aria of the scream” - ngomculo okhululeke kakhulu ofinyelela ekukhaleni, ngokucushwa okuhambisanayo okunamandla yi-orchestra yengxenye yezwi Uvuthondaba ... Ngo-1891, i-opera yadlalwa e-La Scala, futhi u-G. Verdi kuthiwa wathi: “Manje sengingafa ngokuthula – kukhona umuntu ozoqhubeka nempilo ye-opera yase-Italy.” Ngokuhlonishwa kukaMascagni, kwakhishwa izindondo eziningana, inkosi ngokwayo yaklomelisa umqambi ngesihloko esihloniphekile esithi "Chevalier of the Crown". Bekulindelwe ama-opera amasha avela eMascagni. Nokho, akekho kwabayishumi nane abalandelayo owakhuphuka wafinyelela ezingeni elithi "Rustic Honor". Ngakho-ke, e-La Scala ngo-1895, kwadlalwa inhlekelele yomculo ethi "William Ratcliffe" - ngemva kokudlala okuyishumi nambili, washiya isiteji ngendlela engafanele. Ngawo lowo nyaka, i-premiere ye-lyric opera uSilvano yehlulekile. Ngo-1901, eMilan, eRoma, eTurin, eVenice, eGenoa naseVerona, ngobusuku obubodwa ngo-January 17, kwadlalwa okokuqala ngqa i-opera ethi “Masks”, kodwa i-opera, eyakhangiswa kabanzi, yamethusa kakhulu umqambi wayo. wathukwa ngalobo busuku kuwo wonke amadolobha ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngisho nokubamba iqhaza kuka-E. Caruso no-A. Toscanini akuzange kumsindise e-La Scala. Ngokusho kwembongi yase-Italy u-A. Negri, “kwakuwukuhluleka okumangalisayo kuwo wonke umlando we-opera yase-Italy.” Ama-opera aphumelele kakhulu omqambi adlalwa eLa Scala (Parisina – 1913, Nero – 1935) naseCostanzi Theatre eRome (Iris – 1898, Little Marat – 1921). Ngaphezu kwama-opera, uMascagni wabhala i-operettas (“Inkosi yaseNaples” – 1885, “Yebo!” – 1919), usebenzela iqembu le-symphony orchestra, umculo wamafilimu, nemisebenzi yezwi. Ngo-1900, uMascagni wafika eRussia namakhonsathi nezinkulumo mayelana nesimo se-opera yesimanje futhi wamukelwa ngokufudumele kakhulu.

Impilo yomqambi yaphela maphakathi nekhulu lesi-XNUMX, kepha igama lakhe lahlala nemidlalo yase-Italy ye-opera yakamuva ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX.

M. Dvorkina

Ukwakhiwa:

ama-opera – Rural Honor (Gavalleria rusticana, 1890, Costanzi Theatre, Rome), Friend Fritz (L'amico Fritz, no E. Erkman and A. Shatrian, 1891, ibid.), Brothers Rantzau (I Rantzau, ngemva kokudlala kwe igama elifanayo ngu-Erkman no-Shatrian, 1892, Pergola Theatre, Florence), uWilliam Ratcliff (okusekelwe ku-ballad ephawulekayo ka-G. Heine, ehunyushwe ngu-A. Maffei, 1895, La Scala Theatre, eMilan), uSilvano (1895, lapho efanayo ), Zanetto (okusekelwe emdlalweni othi Passerby P. Coppe, 1696, Rossini Theatre, Pesaro), Iris (1898, Costanzi Theatre, Rome), Masks (Le Maschere, 1901, La Scala Theatre iphinde ibe khona ", Milan), Amika (Amisa, 1905, Casino Theatre, Monte Carlo), Isabeau (1911, Coliseo Theatre, Buenos Aires), Parisina (1913, La Scala Theatre, Milan), Lark ( Lodoletta, esekelwe inoveli ethi The Wooden Shoes ka De la Rama , 1917, Costanzi Theatre, Rome), Little Marat (Il piccolo Marat, 1921, Costanzi Theatre, Rome), Nero (ngokusekelwe idrama yegama elifanayo P. Cossa, 1935 , yaseshashalazini "La Scala", Milan); i-operetta – Inkosi eNaples (Il re a Napoli, 1885, Municipal Theatre, Cremona), Yebo! (Si!, 1919, Quirino Theatre, Rome), Pinotta (1932, Casino Theatre, San Remo); imisebenzi ye-orchestra, yezwi neye-symphonic, umculo wamafilimu, njll.