UFritz Reiner (Reiner) (Fritz Reiner) |

UFritz Reiner

“Umsebenzi wombhidisi udinga kumculi izimfanelo ezehlukene zomculi nezomuntu. Kufanele ube nomculo wemvelo, indlebe engenaphutha kanye nomuzwa ongenakunyakaziswa wesigqi. Kufanele wazi uhlobo lwezinsimbi ezihlukahlukene kanye nezindlela zokuzidlala. Kufanele wazi izilimi. Kufanele ube nesiko elijwayelekile eliqinile futhi uqonde obunye ubuciko - ukudweba, ukubaza, izinkondlo. Kumele ujabulele igunya, futhi, ekugcineni, kufanele ube nesihluku kuwe kangangokuthi ngaphansi kwazo zonke izimo, ngesikhathi esimisiwe, ume ku-console, noma ngabe isiphepho sidlule noma kube nesikhukhula, ingozi yesitimela, noma uvele wagula umkhuhlane.

Lawa magama angakaFritz Reiner, omunye wabaqhubi abakhulu bekhulu lesi-XNUMX. Futhi konke ukuphila kwakhe okude kokudala kuyawaqinisekisa. Izimfanelo ezibalwe ngenhla, yena ngokwakhe wayenazo ngokugcwele futhi ngenxa yalokho ubelokhu eyisibonelo kubaculi, kubafundi bakhe abaningi.

Ngokwemvelaphi nesikole, uReiner wayengumculi waseYurophu. Wathola imfundo yakhe yobungcweti edolobheni lakubo, eBudapest, lapho uB. Bartok ayephakathi kothisha bakhe. Umsebenzi wokuqhuba uReiner waqala ngo-1910 eLjubljana. Kamuva wasebenza ezindlini ze-opera zaseBudapest naseDresden, ngokushesha wathola ukuqashelwa komphakathi. Kusukela ngo-1922 uReiner wathuthela e-USA; lapha udumo lwakhe lwafinyelela esicongweni, lapha wazuza ukunqoba okuphezulu kakhulu kwezobuciko. Kusukela ngo-1922 kuya ku-1931, uReiner wahola iCincinnati Symphony Orchestra, kusukela ngo-1938 kuya ku-1948 wahola i-Pittsburgh Orchestra, wabe esehola iMetropolitan Opera Theatre iminyaka emihlanu, futhi, ekugcineni, iminyaka eyishumi yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe wasebenza njengomqhubi omkhulu. yeChicago Orchestra, ayishiya ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokufa. Kuyo yonke le minyaka, umqhubi wajikeleza kakhulu eMelika naseYurophu, wenza amahholo ekhonsathi angcono kakhulu, ezinkundleni zeshashalazi "La Scala" kanye "Covent Garden". Ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe iminyaka engamashumi amathathu wafundisa eqhuba e-Philadelphia Curtis Institute, efundisa izizukulwane eziningana zabaqhubi, kuhlanganise no-L. Bernstein.

Njengabaculi abaningi besizukulwane sakhe, uReiner wayengowesikole sothando saseJalimane. Ubuciko bakhe bubonakala ngobubanzi obubanzi, inkulumo, umehluko okhanyayo, umvuthwandaba wamandla amakhulu, i-titanic pathos. Kodwa kanye nalokhu, njengomqhubi wesimanje ngempela, u-Reiner wayenezinye izimfanelo: ukunambitheka okukhulu, ukuqonda izitayela zomculo ezihlukahlukene, umuzwa wesimo, ukunemba ngisho nokucophelela ekudlulisweni kombhalo wombhali, ukunemba ekuqedeni imininingwane. Ikhono lomsebenzi wakhe wokuzilolonga ne-orchestra laba yinganekwane: wayene-laconic ngokweqile, abaculi baqonda izinhloso zakhe ngokunyakaza kwezandla ze-laconic.

Konke lokhu kwavumela umqhubi ukuba ahumushe imisebenzi eyahluke ngokuphelele ngohlamvu ngempumelelo efanayo. Wathwebula umlaleli kuma-opera ka-Wagner, u-Verdi, u-Bizet, nakuma-symphonies amakhulu kaBeethoven, uTchaikovsky, uBrahms, uMahler, nasemaceleni omculo we-orchestra ahlakaniphile kaRavel, uRichard Strauss, nasezincwadini zasendulo zikaMozart noHaydn. Ubuciko buka-Reiner behlele kithi buthathwe kumarekhodi amaningi. Phakathi kokurekhodiwe kwakhe ukujwayela okuhle kwe-suite yama-waltze evela ku-Strauss's Der Rosenkavalier, okwenziwa umqhubi ngokwakhe.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek