Natan Grigorievich Rakhlin (Natan Rakhlin).

Nathan Rakhlin

Umculi Yabantu we-USSR (1948), owawina umklomelo we-Stalin we-degree yesibili (1952). “Ngobunye ubusuku ngahamba nozakwethu siye engadini yedolobha. I-Kyiv Opera Orchestra yayidlala kusinki. Ngokokuqala ngqá ekuphileni kwami ​​ngizwa umsindo we-symphony orchestra, ngabona izinsimbi engangingasoli nokusola ukuthi zikhona. Lapho “Ama-Preludes” kaLiszt eqala ukudlala futhi uphondo lwesiFulentshi luqala eyedwa, kimi kwabonakala sengathi umhlabathi wawushibilika ngaphansi kwezinyawo zami. Mhlawumbe, kusukela ngaleso sikhathi ngaqala ukuphupha umsebenzi womqhubi we-symphony orchestra.

Ngaleso sikhathi uRachlin wayeneminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu ubudala. Ngalesi sikhathi wayesekwazi ukuzibona engumculi. Edolobheni lakubo laseSnovsk, esifundeni saseChernihiv, waqala "umsebenzi wakhe wekhonsathi", edlala i-violin kumafilimu, futhi lapho eneminyaka eyishumi nantathu waba ngumdlali wecilongo eqenjini likaG. Kotovsky. Khona-ke umculi osemusha wayeyilungu leqembu lethusi le-Higher Military School e-Kyiv. Ngo-1923 wathunyelwa Kyiv Conservatory ukuyofunda ivayolini. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, iphupho lokuqhuba alizange lishiye u-Rakhlin, futhi manje usevele efunda emnyangweni oqhuba i-Lysenko Music and Drama Institute ngaphansi kokuqondisa kuka-V. Berdyaev no-A. Orlov.

Ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu (1930), Rakhlin wasebenza Kyiv futhi Kharkov radio orchestras, ne Donetsk Symphony Orchestra (1928-1937), futhi ngo-1937 waba inhloko Ukraine SSR Symphony Orchestra.

Emncintiswaneni we-All-Union (1938), yena, kanye no-A. Melik-Pashayev, waklonyeliswa umklomelo wesibili. Ngokushesha uRakhlin wakhushulelwa ezinhlwini zabaqhubi abahamba phambili baseSoviet. Phakathi neMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, wahola i-State Symphony Orchestra ye-USSR (1941-1944), futhi ngemva kokukhululwa kwe-Ukraine, waqondisa i-orchestra ye-republic iminyaka engamashumi amabili. Ekugcineni, ngo-1966-1967, Rakhlin wahlela futhi wahola Kazan Symphony Orchestra.

Sonke lesi sikhathi umqhubi wenza amakhonsathi amaningi ezweni lakithi nakwamanye amazwe. Ukudlala ngakunye kuka-Rakhlin kuletha izinto ezitholwayo ezijabulisayo kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho okuhle kobuhle kubathandi bomculo. Ngenxa yokuthi u-Rakhlin, njengoba esezuze ukuqashelwa kwendawo yonke, uqhubeka ngokungakhathali ukucinga kwakhe, ethola izixazululo ezintsha kuleyo misebenzi abelokhu eyenza amashumi eminyaka.

Umculi we-cellist owaziwayo waseSoviet u-G. Tsomyk, owabamba iqhaza ngokuphindaphindiwe kumakhonsathi omqhubi, ubonisa isithombe somculi: "U-Rakhlin angabizwa ngokuphepha ngokuthi umqhubi we-improvisational. Okutholwe ngesikhathi sokuzilolonga kuwumdwebo kaRakhlin kuphela. Umbhidisi uqhakaza ngokoqobo ekhonsathini. Ukuphefumulelwa komculi omkhulu kumnika imibala emisha nemisha, ngezinye izikhathi engalindelekile hhayi kuphela kubaculi be-orchestra, kodwa ngisho nakumqhubi ngokwakhe. Ohlelweni lokusebenza, lokhu okutholakele kwalungiselelwa ngesikhathi sokuzilolonga. Kodwa ubuhle babo obukhethekile buwukuthi “kancane” abazalwa emsebenzini ohlanganyelwe wombhidisi neqembu le-orchestra lapha, ehholo, phambi kwezilaleli.

U-Rakhlin ungumhumushi omuhle kakhulu wezinhlobonhlobo zemisebenzi. Kodwa ngisho naphakathi kwazo, ukufunda kwakhe i-Passacaglia ka-Bach-Gedicke, i-Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, i-Berlioz's Fantastic Symphony, izinkondlo ze-symphonic zika-Liszt no-R. Strauss, i-Sixth Symphony, uManfred, uFrancesca da Rimini kaTchaikovsky zigqamile. Uhlanganisa njalo ezinhlelweni zakhe kanye nemisebenzi yabaqambi baseSoviet - N. Myaskovsky, R. Glier, Y. Shaporin, D. Shostakovich (inguqulo yokuqala ye-Eleventh Symphony), D. Kabalevsky, T. Khrennikov, V. Muradeli, Y Ivanov nabanye.

Njengombhidisi oyinhloko we-Ukraine Symphony Orchestra, u-Rakhlin wenza okuningi ukuze aqhakambise ubuciko babaqambi be-republic. Ngokokuqala ngqa, wethula abalaleli imisebenzi yabaqambi abavelele - B. Lyatoshinsky, K. Dankevich, G. Maiboroda, V. Gomolyaka, G. Taranov, kanye nababhali abasha. Iqiniso lokugcina laphawulwa nguD. Shostakovich: “Thina, abaqambi baseSoviet, sijabule ngokukhethekile ngesimo sengqondo sikaN. Rakhlin sothando ngabadali abasha bomculo, abaningi babo basamukela ngokwazisa futhi bayaqhubeka nokwamukela iseluleko sakhe esibalulekile ngenkathi besebenza emisebenzini ye-symphonic.”

Umsebenzi wokufundisa kaProfesa N. Rakhlin uxhumene ne-Kyiv Conservatory. Lapha waqeqesha abaqhubi abaningi base-Ukraine.

Lit.: G. Yudin. Abaqhubi be-Ukraine. “SM”, 1951, No. 8; M. Amaqhubu. Nathan Rahlin. "SM", 1956, No. 5.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, ngo-1969