Antonio Salieri |

U-Antonio Salieri

Salieri. I-Allegro

U-Salieri … umqambi omkhulu, ukuziqhenya kwesikole se-Gluck, owamukela isitayela se-maestro enkulu, wathola emvelweni umuzwa ocwengekile, ingqondo ecacile, ithalente elimangalisayo kanye nokuzala okungavamile. P. Beaumarchais

Umqambi, uthisha kanye nombhidisi wase-Italy u-A. Salieri wayengomunye wabantu abadume kakhulu esikweni lomculo laseYurophu ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX nele-XNUMX. Njengomculi, wabelana ngesiphetho salabo makhosi abadumile ngesikhathi sakhe, umsebenzi wabo, lapho kuqala inkathi entsha, wathuthela emthunzini womlando. Abacwaningi baphawula ukuthi udumo luka-Salieri lwabe seludlula oluka-WA Mozart, futhi ohlotsheni lwe-opera-seria wakwazi ukuzuza izinga elinjalo lekhwalithi elibeka imisebenzi yakhe engcono kakhulu ngaphezu kweningi lama-opera akhe angaleso sikhathi.

USalieri wafunda ivayolini nomfowabo uFrancesco, i-harpsichord ne-ogani yesonto lombhishobhi u-J. Simoni. Kusukela ngo-1765, wacula ekwayeni yeSt. Mark's Cathedral eVenice, wafunda ngokuzwana futhi wafunda ubuciko bephimbo ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukaF. Pacini.

Kusukela ngo-1766 kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku zakhe, umsebenzi wokudala kaSalieri wawuhlotshaniswa neVienna. Eqala inkonzo yakhe njengomdlali we-harpsichordist wendlu ye-opera yasenkantolo, uSalieri wenza umsebenzi odidayo ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu. Ngo-1774 yena, kakade umbhali wama-opera angu-10, waba umqambi wegumbi lobukhosi kanye nomqhubi weqembu le-opera lase-Italy eVienna.

"Intandokazi yomculo" kaJoseph II Salieri isikhathi eside yayiphakathi kwempilo yomculo yenhloko-dolobha yase-Austria. Akagcinanga ngokudlala nokwenza imidlalo, kodwa ubebuye aphathe ikhwaya yasenkantolo. Imisebenzi yakhe yayihlanganisa nokuqondisa imfundo yomculo ezikhungweni zemfundo zikahulumeni eVienna. Iminyaka eminingi uSalieri eqondisa iNhlangano Yabaculi kanye nesikhwama sempesheni sabafelokazi nezintandane zabaculi baseViennese. Kusukela ngo-1813, umqambi wabuye wahola isikole samakwaya seVienna Society of Friends of Music futhi wayengumqondisi wokuqala we-Vienna Conservatory, eyasungulwa yilo mphakathi ngo-1817.

Isahluko esikhulu emlandweni we-opera house yase-Austrian sixhunywe negama likaSalieri, wenza okuningi ngobuciko bezomculo kanye neshashalazi yase-Italy, futhi waba negalelo empilweni yomculo yaseParis. Kakade nge-opera yokuqala ethi "Abesifazane Abafundile" (1770), udumo lwafika kumqambi osemusha. Armida (1771), Venetian Fair (1772), The Stolen Tub (1772), The Innkeeper (1773) nabanye balandelana. Izinkundla zemidlalo yaseshashalazini ezinkulu zase-Italy za-oda ama-opera kumuntu wakubo ovelele. NgoMunich, uSalieri wabhala "Semiramide" (1782). ISikole Sabanomona (1778) ngemva komdlalo wokuqala waseVenice sazungeza izindlu ze-opera cishe zazo zonke izinhloko-dolobha zaseYurophu, kuhlanganise nemidlalo yaseMoscow naseSt. Ama-opera kaSalieri amukelwa ngesasasa eParis. Impumelelo ye-premiere ye-"Tarara" (mahhala. P. Beaumarchais) idlule konke obekulindelwe. UBeaumarchais wabhala lapho enikezela umbhalo we-opera kumqambi: “Uma umsebenzi wethu uphumelela, cishe ngizobophezeleka kuwena kuphela. Futhi nakuba isizotha sakho sikwenza usho yonke indawo ukuthi ungumqambi wami kuphela, ngiyaziqhenya ngokuthi ngiyimbongi yakho, inceku yakho nomngane wakho. Abasekeli bakaBeaumarchais ekuhloleni umsebenzi kaSalieri kwakungu-KV Gluck. V. Boguslavsky, K. Kreuzer, G. Berlioz, G. Rossini, F. Schubert nabanye.

Ngesikhathi somzabalazo oshubile wemibono phakathi kwabaculi abaqhubekayo be-Enlightenment kanye nabaxolisi bomdlalo we-opera wase-Italy ojwayelekile, u-Salieri wasekela ngokuzethemba ekunqobeni kukaGluck okuqanjwe kabusha. Kakade lapho esekhulile, uSalieri wathuthukisa indlela yakhe yokuqamba, futhi uGluck waqoka umpetha waseNtaliyane phakathi kwabalandeli bakhe. Ithonya lomgqugquzeli omkhulu we-opera emsebenzini kaSalieri labonakaliswa ngokucacile ku-opera enkulu yezinganekwane i-Danaides, eyaqinisa udumo lwaseYurophu lomqambi.

Umqambi wodumo lwaseYurophu, uSalieri wajabulela nokuvelela okukhulu njengothisha. Useqeqeshe abaculi abangaphezu kuka-60. Kubaqambi, uL. Beethoven, F. Schubert, J. Hummel, FKW Mozart (indodana ka-WA ​​Mozart), I. Moscheles, F. Liszt kanye nabanye ongcweti badlula esikoleni sakhe. Izifundo zokucula ezivela kuSalieri zathathwa abaculi u-K. Cavalieri, A. Milder-Hauptman, F. Franchetti, MA kanye no-T. Gasman.

Esinye isici sethalenta likaSalieri sihlobene nemisebenzi yakhe yokuqhuba. Ngaphansi kokuqondisa komqambi, kwenziwa inani elikhulu le-opera, i-choral kanye ne-orchestral yamakhosi amadala nabaqambi besimanje. Igama likaSalieri lihlotshaniswa nenganekwane yobuthi bukaMozart. Nokho, ngokomlando leli qiniso aliqinisekiswanga. Imibono ngoSalieri njengomuntu iyaphikisana. Phakathi kwabanye, abantu besikhathi kanye nezazi-mlando baphawula isipho esikhulu sobuzwe somqambi, bembiza ngokuthi "iTalleyrand emculweni." Kodwa-ke, ngaphezu kwalokhu, u-Salieri naye wayebonakala ngokuba nomusa kanye nokulungela njalo ukwenza okuhle. Maphakathi nekhulu lama-XX. isithakazelo emsebenzini wokucula womqambi waqala ukuvuselela. Amanye ama-opera akhe asevuselelwe ezigabeni ezahlukene ze-opera e-Europe nase-USA.

I. Vetlitsyna