Muzio Clementi (Muzio Clementi) |

Muzio Clementi

Clements. I-Sonatina ku-C major, i-Op. 36 No. 1 Andante

UMuzio Clementi - umqambi we-sonatas eziyikhulu namashumi ayisithupha, izingcezu eziningi ze-organ nepiyano, ama-symphonies amaningana kanye nezifundo ezidumile "Gradus ad Parnassum", wazalelwa eRoma ngo-1752, emndenini womdwebi oyigugu, umthandi womculo oshisekayo. akazange ayeke lutho ukuze anikeze indodana yakhe imfundo eqinile yomculo. Iminyaka eyisithupha, uMuzio wayesevele ecula emanothini, futhi ithalente elicebile lomfana lasiza othisha bakhe - i-ogani uCardicelli, u-Cartini ophikisana nomculi kanye nomculi u-Santorelli, ukulungiselela umfana oneminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye ukuhlolwa kokuncintisana endaweni umculi womzimba. Lapho eneminyaka engu-14, uClementi wathatha uhambo oluya eNgilandi nomphathi wakhe, iNgisi uBedford. Umphumela walolu hambo kwaba isimemo sethalente elincane ukuthi lithathe indawo yomphathi weqembu le-opera yase-Italy eLondon. Eqhubeka nokuthuthuka ekudlaleni upiyano, uClementi ekugcineni waziwa njenge-virtuoso enhle kakhulu kanye nothisha ongcono kakhulu wepiyano.

Ngo-1781 waqala uhambo lwakhe lokuqala kwezobuciko enqamula eYurophu. Esebenzisa iStrasbourg neMunich, wafika eVienna, lapho asondelana khona noMozart noHaydn. Lapha eVienna, umncintiswano phakathi kukaClementi noMozart wenzeka. Lo mcimbi wavusa isithakazelo esikhulu phakathi kwabathandi bomculo baseViennese.

Ukuphumelela kohambo lwekhonsathi kwaba nomthelela emisebenzini eyengeziwe kaClementi kulo mkhakha, futhi ngo-1785 waya eParis futhi wanqoba amaParis ngokudlala kwakhe.

Kusukela ngo-1785 kuya ku-1802, uClementi wayeka ukusebenza kwekhonsathi yomphakathi futhi wathatha imisebenzi yokufundisa nokuqamba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi nale minyaka eyisikhombisa, wasungula futhi waba ngumnikazi wezindlu eziningana zokushicilela umculo nezimboni zezinsimbi zomculo.

Ngo-1802, uClementi, kanye nomfundi wakhe uField, benza uhambo lwesibili olukhulu lobuciko bedlula eParis naseVienna baya eSt. Yonke indawo bamukelwa ngesasasa. I-Field isala eSt. Petersburg, futhi uZeiner ujoyina uClementi esikhundleni sakhe; eBerlin naseDresden bahlanganiswe uBerger noKlengel. Lapha, eBerlin, uClementi uyashada, kodwa ngokushesha ulahlekelwa umkakhe osemncane futhi, ukuze aqede usizi lwakhe, ubuyela eSt. Petersburg nabafundi bakhe uBerger noKlengel. Ngo-1810, ngokusebenzisa iVienna nayo yonke i-Italy, uClementi wabuyela eLondon. Lapha ngo-1811 ushada futhi, futhi kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku zakhe akashiyi eNgilandi, ngaphandle kwasebusika buka-1820, abuchitha eLeipzig.

Udumo lomculo womqambi alupheli. Wasungula i-Philharmonic Society eLondon futhi waqhuba ama-symphony orchestra, waba negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni ubuciko bepiyano.

Abantu besikhathi samanje babize uClementi “ubaba womculo wepiyano”. Umsunguli nenhloko yesikole esibizwa nge-London school of pianism, wayeyi-virtuoso ekhaliphile, eshaya ngenkululeko nomusa wokudlala, ukucaca kwesu lomunwe. UClementi wakhulisa ngesikhathi sakhe umthala wonke wabafundi abaphawulekayo, abanquma kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kwepiyano iminyaka eminingi ezayo. Umqambi ufinyeze ulwazi lwakhe lokucula nokufundisa emsebenzini oyingqayizivele othi "Izindlela Zokudlala Ipiyano", okwakungenye yezinsiza zomculo ezihamba phambili zesikhathi sayo. Kodwa ngisho namanje, wonke umfundi wesikole somculo wesimanje uyazi; ukuze uthuthukise ngempumelelo indlela yokudlala upiyano, kuyadingeka nje ukudlala ama-etudes kaClementi.

Njengomshicileli, uClementi washicilela izincwadi zabaningi besikhathi sakhe. Ngokokuqala ngqá eNgilandi, inqwaba yemisebenzi kaBeethoven yanyatheliswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, washicilela imisebenzi yabaqambi bekhulu le-1823 (ngokulinganisa kwakhe). Ngo-1832, uClementi wabamba iqhaza ekuhlanganiseni nasekushicilelweni kwe-encyclopedia enkulu yomculo yokuqala. UMuzio Clementi washonela eLondon ngo-XNUMX, eshiya ingcebo enkulu. Usishiyele umculo wakhe omuhle, onekhono.

UViktor Kashirnikov