Ungawathola kanjani ngokushesha amathoni ahlobene we-degree yesibili neyesithathu?

Namuhla sizokwenza into ethakazelisayo - sizofunda ukubheka amathoni ahlobene akude, futhi ukwenza lokhu ngokushesha njengoba sithola "izihlobo" ngezinga lokuqala.

Okokuqala, ake sicacise imininingwane eyodwa ebalulekile. Iqiniso liwukuthi abanye abantu bakhetha ukusebenzisa uhlelo lwe-Rimsky-Korsakov, okusho ukuthi kungaba khona amadigri amathathu obudlelwane phakathi kwamathoni, kanti abanye banamathele kwenye isistimu, okusho ukuthi ayikho ezintathu, kodwa ezine zalezi ziqu. Ngakho-ke, sizothatha isimiso sobudlelwano bomndeni kaRimsky-Korsakov njengesisekelo, njengoba silula, kodwa ngeke silahle uhlelo lwesibili futhi sizoxoxa ngalesi sihloko ngokwehlukana ekugcineni.

Umehluko phakathi kwezinhlelo ze-3- kanye ne-4-level zobudlelwane bobudlelwane ukuthi elinye lamaqembu e-tonalities, okungukuthi elesibili, livele lihlukaniswe kabili noma, uma uthanda, lidonsa ezimbili, ezakha i-2nd ne-3rd degree in. uhlelo lwe-4-degree. Ake sizame ukubona ngeso lengqondo lokho okwashiwo:

Ungawacinga kanjani ama-tonalities ahlobene weziqu zesibili?

Lapha sidinga ukuthola okhiye abangu-12 sebebonke. Sona kanye isimiso lapho avela khona kuxoxwa ngokuningiliziwe esihlokweni esithi “Amadigri okuhlobana kwezihluthulelo,” futhi manje sizomane sifunde ukuthi singazithola kanjani ezinkulu nezincane.

Okhiye bezinga lesibili lokuzalana kwabakhulu

Esikalini esikhulu, kokhiye abayi-12, u-8 kufanele abe mkhulu, u-4 osele kufanele ube mncane. Ngaphandle kokuqhubeka kwesikhathi, sizobhekisela ezinyathelweni zokhiye wokuqala. Mhlawumbe kungaba okulungile kakhulu ukucinga ngokwakha izikhawu kusuka ku-tonic, kodwa kulula ukuxhumanisa amathoni amasha ngokuhlanganyela ezinyathelweni zalowo wokuqala.

Ngakho-ke, okokuqala, kukhona okhiye abancane abangu-4, ngakho-ke sikhumbula amadigri: I (oncane kwegama elifanayo), V (okubusa okuncane), VII (khumbula nje - owesikhombisa), VIIb (wehliswe okwesikhombisa).

Isibonelo, kukhiye we-C-dur (uhlamvu lwegama lokhiye), lezi kungaba u-c-moll, u-g-moll, u-h-moll kanye no-b-moll.

Manje kukhona okhiye abakhulu abangu-8 futhi babhanqiwe, manje uzoqonda ukuthi lisho ukuthini igama elithi “matanisiwe”. Sibabophela ezinyathelweni ezilandelayo: II, III, VI kanye VII. Futhi yonke indawo kuyoba kanje: izinga lemvelo kanye nelinye elincishisiwe, okungukuthi, okhiye ababili abakhulu bezinga ngalinye (elingenayo ithoni eyisicaba, enye ithoni eyisicaba).

Isibonelo, ku-C enkulu efanayo kuzoba: D-dur no-Des-dur, E-dur no-Es-dur, A-dur no-As-dur, H-dur no-B-dur. Konke kulula kakhulu, into esemqoka ukukhumbula ikhodi yomlingo - 2367 (yakhiwe izinombolo zesinyathelo).

Okhiye bezinga lesibili lokuzalana kwabancane

Uma i-tonality yethu yokuqala incane (isibonelo, i-C minor), khona-ke kuyo amathoni angu-12 ahlobene ne-degree yesibili azohlukaniswa kanje: ngokuphambene nalokho, 4 kuphela amakhulu futhi angu-8 asele amancane.

I-tonics yokhiye abakhulu izoqondana namadigri alandelayo (khumbula): I (inkulu yegama elifanayo), II (isekhondi elilula), i-IIb (isibili sehlisiwe), IV (i-subdominant enkulu). Isibonelo, ku-C minor laba kuzoba “abazala” abalandelayo: C-dur, D-dur, Des-dur kanye no-F-dur.

Kukhona okhiye abancane abayisishiyagalombili futhi, qaphela, yonke into iyathakazelisa kakhulu lapha: amathonikhi abo athatha izinyathelo ezifanayo njenge-8 tonics enkulu ye-main: II, III, VI kanye ne-VII ngefomu lemvelo nelincishisiwe. Okungukuthi, okuhlobene ne-C minor amathoni afana ne-d-moll ne-des-moll (ukhiye ongekho, kodwa yonke into injengoba injalo), i-e-moll ne-es-moll, i-moll ne-as-moll, h- moll kanye b-moll.

Ukubuka okuthakazelisayo (kungeqiwa)

Uma sikhuluma ngokujwayelekile ngabazala abakhulu nabancane, khona-ke amaphuzu amaningi athakazelisayo avela lapha:

• kuma-tonic angama-24 (12+12) wecala ngalinye kukhona izingcezu ezingu-9+9 (18) ezihambisana nethoni futhi zihluke kuphela ekuthambekeleni kwe-modal (okuhlanganisa u-8+8, ohlotshaniswa ne-"code 2367" kanye ne-1+1 efanayo. );
• amathoni egama elifanayo ayizihlobo ze-degree yesibili kulesi simiso, futhi ohlelweni lwe-4-degree ngokuvamile aphenduka "abazala besibili";
• inani elikhulu kunawo wonke lamathoni ezinga lesibili lokuhlobana lihlotshaniswa neziqu zesethulo (ku-VII - 4 tonalities enkulu, ngo-II - 4 tonalities kwabancane), kanye nezigaba lapho onxantathu abancishisiwe bakhelwa kuzo ku-tonality yasekuqaleni uhlobo lwemvelo lwemodi yayo, ngenxa yokuthi lezi tonics azifakiwe kumbuthano wezihlobo zezinga lokuqala (uhlobo lwesinxephezelo luyenzeka - ukuphindaphinda kabili kuya ngezinga elilandelayo);
• amathoni ahlobene ezigabeni zesibili afaka phakathi: kokukhulu - ithoni ye-dominant encane, kanye nencane - i-tonality ye-subdominant enkulu (futhi sikhumbula mayelana nezimo ezikhethekile kumbuthano wamathoni wezinga lokuqala - i-subdominant encane i-harmonic enkulu futhi ebusa kakhulu emncane we-harmonic?).

Hhayi-ke, kwanele, sekuyisikhathi sokuqhubekela phambili futhi uqhubekele ezingeni elilandelayo, lesithathu lobudlelwano, elibonisa ubudlelwano phakathi kwamathoni akude kakhulu (awanawo unxantathu owodwa ojwayelekile).

Izinga lesithathu lobudlelwano

Lapha, ngokungafani nenkinga yezinga langaphambilini, awudingi ukusungula indlovu, awudingi ukusungula umshini wokubala noma ibhayisikili. Konke kwaziwa isikhathi eside, wonke umuntu uyisebenzisa ngempumelelo. Ngizokutshela futhi!

Ubude okhiye abahlanu. Ngendlela efanayo, sizoqale sicabangele icala uma ukhiye wethu wokuqala umkhulu, bese kuba icala uma sifuna izihlobo ezilahlekile ngokhiye omncane.

Nokho, ngendlela, kunezinto ezifanayo phakathi kwalezi zimo, kukhona ngisho namathoni avamile (amabili awo). Lokho okufana ngakho ukuthi i-tonic yalezi zindlela ezimbili ezivamile ezishiwo yizo ebangeni le-triton kusuka ku-tonic yasekuqaleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sisebenzisa le tonic kabili - kokhiye abakhulu nabancane.

Ngakho-ke, uma ukhiye wethu wokuqala umkhulu (i-C enkulu efanayo, isibonelo), inothi elithi F-sharp litholakala ebangeni le-tritone ukusuka ku-tonic yalo. Nge-F-sharp senza kokubili okukhulu nokuncane. Okusho ukuthi, okhiye ababili kwabahlanu yi-Fis-dur kanye ne-fis-moll.

Futhi-ke izimangaliso nje! Kusuka kukhiye omncane we-tritone ongumphumela ukuya phezulu ngesihlanu esiphelele. Sekukonke, sidinga ukuthatha izinyathelo ezintathu - sizothola okhiye abathathu abasele: i-cis-moll, i-gis-moll ne-dis-moll.

Uma ukhiye wokuqala umncane (C minor isibonelo), khona-ke senza cishe okufanayo: sakha i-tritone, futhi ngokushesha sithole okhiye ababili (i-Fis-dur ne-fis-moll). Futhi manje, ukunaka, kusukela kukhiye omkhulu we-tritone (okungukuthi, kusuka ku-Fis-dur) yehla ngokuthathu kwesihlanu! Sithola: H-dur, E-dur kanye no-A-dur.

Kulabo ababambelela ohlelweni lwe-4-degree

Kusele ukuthola ukuthi ungathola kanjani amathoni ahlobene kulabo abakhetha ukuhlukanisa amadigri amane esikhundleni samathathu. Ngizosho khona manjalo ukuthi i-degree yesine ifana neyesithathu ngaphandle kwezinguquko. Azikho izinkinga ngalokhu.

Kodwa, njengoba sekushiwo kakade, owesibili "ngobathathu" uthatha owesibili nowesithathu "ngezine". Futhi idigri yesibili ihlanganisa amathoni angu-4 kuphela, kanti eyesithathu - 8. Ngokwakho, usengathola amathani angu-12 ngesikhathi esisodwa, bese ukhipha amathoni angu-4 wezinga lesibili kuwo, ukuze usele namathoni angu-8 okwesithathu. iziqu.

Ungayithola kanjani i-tonality yezinga lesibili "ngezine"?

Lesi yisici esiyinhloko sohlelo lwaseMoscow lobuhlobo be-tonal. Futhi, yiqiniso, yonke into lapha inengqondo futhi ilula. Kuzodingeka ukuthola ukubusa okukabili kanye nezingaphansi eziphindwe kabili (kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zibizwa kanjani ngendlela efanele).

Ngokuyinhloko, sibheka ithoni ye-dominant ephindwe kabili (i-II degree enonxantathu omkhulu kuyo) nokuhambisana kwayo, kanye nethoni ye-double subdominant (VII ephansi enonxantathu omkhulu kuyo) kanye nokuhambisana kwayo. Izibonelo ze-C enkulu ithi D-dur||h-moll kanye ne-B-dur||g-moll. Konke!

Emancane senza into efanayo, kuphela sishiya konke esikuthola kuncane (okungukuthi, ukubusa okuphindwe kabili akufani nalokho - DD, kodwa njengo-dd - wemvelo, mayelana ne-subdominant - ngokufanayo). Sengeza ukufana kulokho esikutholile futhi sithola amathoni ezinga lesibili lokuzalana lika-C minor: d-moll||F-dur kanye no-b-moll||Des-dur. Konke okuhlakaniphile kulula!