I-Gong: ukwakhiwa kwensimbi, umlando wemvelaphi, izinhlobo, ukusetshenziswa

Ekuqaleni kuka-2020, izisebenzi zaseShayina zasedolobheni laseChangle zathola insimbi yomculo yethusi egcinwe kahle endaweni yokwakha. Ngemva kokuyihlola, izazi-mlando zanquma ukuthi i-gong etholakele ingeyenkathi yoBukhosi bakwaShang (1046 BC). Ubuso bayo buhlotshiswe ngokukhululekile ngamaphethini okuhlobisa, izithombe zamafu nombani, futhi isisindo sawo singamakhilogremu angu-33. Ngokumangalisayo, izinsimbi ezinjalo zasendulo zisetshenziswa ngenkuthalo namuhla kwezemfundo, umculo we-opera, amasiko kazwelonke, ngezikhathi zokwelapha umsindo nokuzindla.

Umlando wemvelaphi

I-gong enkulu yayisetshenziselwa izinjongo zesiko. Kwavela eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-3000 edlule, kubhekwa njengethuluzi lasendulo lamaShayina. Amanye amazwe aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia nawo abe nama-idiophones afanayo. Kwakukholelwa ukuthi umsindo onamandla uyakwazi ukuxosha imimoya emibi. Esakaza ngamagagasi emkhathini, wethula abantu esimweni esiseduze ne-trance.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-gong yaqala ukusetshenziselwa ukuqoqa izakhamuzi, ukumemezela ukufika kwabantu ababalulekile. Ezikhathini zasendulo, wayeyinsimbi yomculo yezempi, emisa ibutho ukuze libhubhise ngonya isitha, izigigaba zezikhali.

Imithombo yomlando ikhomba umsuka we-gong eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeChina esiqhingini saseJava. Ngokushesha wathola ukuthandwa kulo lonke izwe, waqala ukuzwakala emidlalweni yaseshashalazini. Isikhathi sabonakala singenawo amandla phezu kokusungulwa kwamaShayina asendulo. Idivayisi isetshenziswa kabanzi namuhla kumculo we-classic, ama-symphony orchestras, i-opera.

Ukwakhiwa kweGong

I-disk enkulu yensimbi imisiwe ekusekelweni okwenziwe ngensimbi noma ngokhuni, eshaywa nge-mallet - i-maleta. Ingaphezulu liyi-concave, ububanzi bungaba kusuka ku-14 kuya ku-80 amasentimitha. I-gong iyi-idiophone yensimbi enephimbo elithile, elomndeni we-metallophone. Ukuze kwenziwe izinsimbi zomculo, kusetshenziswa ama-alloys ethusi nawethusi.

Ngesikhathi sokudlala, umculi ushaya izingxenye ezehlukene zendilinga nge-maleta, okwenza ukuthi inyakaze. Umsindo okhishiwe uyakhula, ukhaphela ngokuphelele isimo sokukhathazeka, imfihlakalo, ukwesaba. Ngokuvamile uhla lomsindo aludluli i-octave encane, kodwa i-gong ingashunwa komunye umsindo.

izinhlobonhlobo

Ekusetshenzisweni kwanamuhla, kunama-gong angaphezu kweshumi nambili ukusuka kokukhulu kuye kwabancane. Okuvame kakhulu izakhiwo ezimisiwe. Kudlalwa ngezinduku, ezifanayo zisetshenziswa uma kushaywa izigubhu. Uma ubukhulu bethuluzi bukhulu, ama-malets amakhulu.

Amadivayisi amise okwenkomishi anezindlela zokudlala ezihluke kakhulu. Umculi “uvunguza” i-gong ngokuzulazisa umunwe wakhe nxazonke futhi ayishaye ngesando. Ikhipha umsindo omnandi kakhulu. Izinsimbi ezinjalo zisetshenziswa kakhulu eBuddhism.

Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-gong eNtshonalanga yisitsha sokucula saseNepal esisetshenziswa ekwelapheni umsindo. Ubukhulu bayo bungahluka kusuka ku-4 kuya ku-8 amayintshi, futhi isici esinquma umsindo yisisindo samagremu.

Kukhona ezinye izinhlobo:

• chau - ezikhathini zasendulo babedlala indima ye-siren yamaphoyisa yesimanje, lapho umsindo wawudingeka ukusula indlela yokudlula kwabahlonishwa. Usayizi kusuka 7 kuya 80 amayintshi. Ingaphezulu licishe libe isicaba, imiphetho igotshwe nge-engeli elungile. Ngokuya ngobukhulu, ithuluzi lanikezwa amagama eLanga, iNyanga namaplanethi ahlukahlukene. Ngakho imisindo ye-Solar Gong ingaba nomphumela onenzuzo ohlelweni lwezinzwa, ukuzola, ukukhulula ukucindezeleka.
• i-jing ne-fuyin – idivayisi enobubanzi obungamasentimitha angu-12, efana nekhoni ephansi, efinyezwe kancane ngokuma. Idizayini ekhethekile ikuvumela ukuthi wehlise ithoni yomsindo ngesikhathi sokusebenza komculo.
• "ingono" - idivayisi ineqhubu phakathi nendawo yendilinga, eyenziwe nge-alloy ehlukile. Ngokushintshana ukushaya umzimba we-gong, bese "ingono", umculi eshintshana phakathi komsindo ominyene nokhanyayo.
• fung luo - umklamo umelelwa amadivaysi amabili anama-diameter ahlukene. Enkulu yehlisa iphimbo, encane iyayiphakamisa. AmaShayina ababiza nge- fung luo, bawasebenzisa emidlalweni ye-opera.
• i-pasi – ekusetshenzisweni kwasetiyetha, esetshenziselwa ukukhombisa ukuqala komdlalo.

  "brindle" noma i-hui yin - kulula ukudidanisa ne-"opera". Insimbi iyakwazi ukwehlisa kancane umsindo. Ngesikhathi edlala, umculi ubamba i-disc ngentambo.

• "ilanga" noma i-feng - i-opera, insimbi yomculo wesintu nensizakalo enogqinsi olufanayo endaweni yonke nomsindo ophela ngokushesha. Ububanzi busuka ku-6 kuye ku-40 amayintshi.
• “umoya” – unembobo phakathi nendawo. Ubukhulu be-gong bufinyelela amayintshi angu-40, umsindo mude, ukhishwe, njengokukhala komoya.
• heng luo – ikhono lokukhipha umsindo we-pianissimo omude, obola isikhathi eside. Enye yezinhlobonhlobo izinsimbi "zasebusika". Isici sazo esihlukanisayo ubukhulu bazo obuncane (amasentimitha angu-10 kuphela) kanye "nengono" phakathi nendawo.

ENingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, i-idiophone emnyama, engapholishiwe, ebizwa ngokuthi "i-Balinese" eYurophu, isisabalele. Isici - ukwanda okusheshayo kwethoni ngokwakhiwa kwe-staccato ebukhali.

Indima ku-orchestra

Ama-gongs asetshenziswa kabanzi ku-Peking Opera. Emsindweni we-orchestra, bakha izinkulumo zokukhathazeka, ukubaluleka komcimbi, futhi babonise ingozi. Emculweni we-symphonic, insimbi yomculo endala kunazo zonke yayisetshenziswa ngu-PI Tchaikovsky, MI Glinka, SV Rachmaninov, NA Rimsky-Korsakov. Esikweni lesintu sase-Asia, imisindo yayo ihambisana nezinombolo zomdanso. Ngemva kokudlula emakhulwini eminyaka, i-gong ayizange ilahlekelwe incazelo yayo, ayizange ilahleke. Namuhla inikeza amathuba amakhulu nakakhulu okuqaliswa kwemibono yomculo yabaqambi.