Ukulele: kuyini, izinhlobo, isakhiwo, umsindo, umlando, isicelo

Enye yezinto ezikhangayo eHawaii isiginci esincane, esibukeka kahle. Ngaphandle kokubukeka kwethoyizi, insimbi yomculo enegama elimangalisayo ukulele ithandwa ngabaculi abadumile nabaqalayo. Ihlangene, kulula ukuyifunda, futhi umsindo wayo ogqamile, owenamayo, nowothando ufana neziqhingi zasePacific ezishisayo.

Yini ukulele

Leli igama lohlobo lwesiginci - insimbi ekhashwa enezintambo ezinezintambo ezi-4. Uhlelo lokusebenza oluyinhloko ukuhambisana komculo wezwi nokudlala yedwa.

Umsindo we-ukulele ulungele ukudlala izingoma zomdabu zaseHawaii, i-jazz nezingoma zomdabu, umculo wezwe kanye ne-reggae.

Umlando ukulele

Umlando wemvelaphi yesiginci esincane mfushane, kodwa insimbi yokuqala yakwazi ukuthandana nabaculi esikhathini esifushane sokuba khona. I-ukulele ibhekwa njengento esungulwe eHawaii, nakuba empeleni amaPutukezi kufanele abongwe ngomsuka wawo.

Kuthiwa ngo-1875, amaPutukezi amane, ephupha ngokwakha impilo engcono, athuthela eziQhingini zaseHawaii. Abangane - u-Jose Santo, u-Augusto Diaz, u-Joao Fernandez, u-Manuel Nunez - bahamba nesigingci sesiPutukezi esinezintambo ezi-5 - i-braginya, esibe yisisekelo sokudala ukulele.

Ekudingisweni, abangane bahlanganyela ekukhiqizeni ifenisha yokhuni. Kodwa-ke, abantu bendawo babengayithandi imikhiqizo ekhiqizwayo, futhi amaPutukezi, ukuze angafi, aqala ukwenza izinsimbi zomculo. Bazama ukuma nomsindo wesiginci sesiPutukezi, okwaphumela ezinhlobonhlobo ezincane ezinomsindo ocebile nojabulisayo. Isibalo sezintambo sehlile - manje sezine, hhayi ezinhlanu.

AbaseHawaii bakwamukela ngokungananazi ukusungulwa kwamaPutukezi. Kodwa isimo sabo sengqondo sashintsha lapho, komunye wemikhosi yezwe, inkosi yaseHawaii uDavid Kalakaua inquma ukudlala isiginci esincane. Umbusi wathanda insimbi yomculo emangalisayo, wayala ukuba alenze ingxenye ye-orchestra yesizwe yaseHawaii.

Igama lensimbi lidabuka eHawaii. Igama elithi “ukulele” lihunyushwa ngokuthi “ukhukhumala”, futhi uma ulihlephula libe izingxenye ezimbili - “uku” nelithi “lele”, uthola inkulumo ethi “woza ukubonga”.

Kuneziphakamiso ezintathu zokuthi kungani ukulele kwaziwa kanje:

1. Abantu baseHawaii ababona isiginci ngokokuqala ngqá bacabanga ukuthi iminwe yomdlali wesigingci egijima ezintambo ifana namazeze agxumayo.
2. Induna yasebukhosini eHawaii yayiyiNgisi, u-Edward Purvis, indoda emfishane, ekhuthele, futhi engaphumuli. Edlala isiginci esincane, wayedlala izinto ezihlekisayo nezihlekisayo, futhi wayeqanjwe ngokuthi ukulele.
3. Indlovukazi yaseHawaii u-Lydia Kamakaea Paki ubize isipho esinikezwe abafuduki abane abangamaPutukezi kubantu baseHawaii ngokuthi "ukubonga okufikile".

izinhlobo

Ukulele eza ngezinhlobonhlobo zomumo nosayizi. Insimbi ingase ibukeke njengekhophi encane yesiginci sakudala, futhi izingcweti futhi zenza imikhiqizo eyindilinga, e-oval efana nokuma kwamathanga namaphayinaphu, ngisho nezikwele.

Umsindo uncike kusayizi wensimbi. Ekhophini enkulu, ungadlala amanothi angezansi. Ukuleles zihlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningana ngobukhulu:

1. I-Soprano iyinhlobo ethandwa kakhulu. Ukulele kwakudala okunama-12-14 frets.
2. Uhlobo lwekhonsathi lukhudlwana futhi lunomsindo kunohlobo lwe-soprano. I-Frets nayo i-12-14.
3. I-tenor iwuhlobo oludumile olutholakala ngezohwebo ngeminyaka yawo-1920s, enethoni ewugqinsi, e-velvety kanye nemithunzi eminingi. Imizuzu engu-15-20.
4. I-baritone ingolunye uhlobo oludumile olwaqala ukudayiswa ngawo-1940. Ikhiqiza umsindo ojulile, ocebile, ozwakala kakhulu. Ama-Frets, njengesiginci se-tenor, 15-20.
5. Izinketho ezingavamile ezivele ngemva kuka-2007 ziyi-bass, i-double bass ne-piccolo.

Kukhona inguqulo ye-ukulele enezintambo ezimbili. Iyunithi yezinhlamvu ngayinye iboshelwe ochungechungeni lwesibili, olushunwa kanyekanye.

Izwakala kanjani ukulele?

I-ukulele izwakala ilula, igqamile, imisindo yayo ikhipha amandla nethemba, ivusa izinkumbulo zeqoqo leziqhingi ezinelanga e-Pacific Ocean, zezimbali ezimibalabala zezimbali zaseHawaii.

Umsindo wentambo evulekile ubizwa ngokuthi ukushuna. Bakhetha uhlelo olunjalo ukuze ukukhishwa kwama-chords asetshenziswe kakhulu kube lula. Ukulele tuning kuyinto engavamile yesiginci, izici zayo zinikezwe ngezansi.

Standard ukulele tuning is soprano. Amagama ezintambo ami kanje:

• usawoti (G);
• ku-(C);
• yami (E);
• la (A).

Ukubala kwezintambo kusuka kokune kuye koyedwa (phezulu kuye phansi). Ukuhlelwa kwentambo ye-C-Ea (CEA), njengesiginci sakudala, okungukuthi, isiqalo siyinothi eliphezulu, isiphetho siphansi. Ucu lwe-G kufanele luzwakale luphakeme kunolwesi-3 nolwesi-XNUMX ngoba lungokwe-octave amanye amanothi angu-XNUMX ayingxenye yawo.

Inzuzo yalokhu kushuna yikhono lokudlala imiculo efanayo etholakalayo ukuze idlalwe kusiginci sakudala, kusukela ku-5th fret. Kubaculi abajwayele ukudlala isiginci, ukudlala umculo nge-ukulele kungase kubonakale kungakhululekile ekuqaleni. Kodwa ukulutheka kuza ngokushesha. Ukukhishwa kwama-chords angawodwana kutholakala ngomunwe owodwa noma emibili.

Intamo efushanisiwe ye-ukulele ivumela insimbi ukuthi ishunwe ngokukhululekile ekushuneni okufunayo. Kungenzeka ukwenza ukushuna kwesiginci okujwayelekile, lapho umsindo uzohambisana nezintambo ezine zokuqala zesiginci sakudala. Okusho ukuthi, kuvela:

• yami (E);
• wena (B);
• usawoti (G);
• kabusha (D).

Ku-ukulele, indlela yokudlala ingamandla anonya nokulwa. Bahluthula futhi bashaye izintambo ngeminwe yesandla sokudla noma nge-plectrum.

Ukwakheka

Ukwakheka kwe-ukulele kucishe kufane nelesiginci. Ukulele kumele kube nalokhu:

• ukhuni, olungenalutho ngaphakathi emzimbeni olunomsila kanye nembobo eyindilinga ebhodini lomsindo elingaphambili;
• intamo - ipuleti elide lokhuni lapho izintambo zeluliwe;
• imbondela yeminwe;
• ama-frets - izingxenye ze-fingerboard ezihlukaniswe yi-protrusions yensimbi (ukuhleleka kwamanothi kunqunywa indawo ye-frets ngayinye yezintambo ezi-4);
• amakhanda - ingxenye yokugcina yentamo enezikhonkwane;
• izintambo (ngokuvamile ezenziwe inayiloni).

Ukuleles kwenziwa ngomtholo, i-maple, umlotha, i-walnut, i-spruce, i-rosewood. Amakhophi ashibhile enziwe ngepulasitiki, kodwa ama-analogue anjalo angeke azwakale kangcono kunezoqobo zokhuni. Intamo yenziwa ngomshini ngepuleti elilodwa, futhi kusetshenziswa ukhuni oluqinile. Isitendi sesiginci senziwe ngepulasitiki noma ngokhuni.

Ubukhulu bethuluzi

Umehluko ngosayizi wokulele wemisindo ehlukene:

• i-soprano - 53 cm;
• ikhonsathi - 58 cm;
• ubude - 66 cm;
• i-baritone ne-bass - 76 cm.

Ikhophi enkulu kunazo zonke ye-ukulele, engama-3 m 99 cm ubude, yadalwa ngu-American Lawrence Stump. Umkhiqizo, osohlwini lweGuinness Book of Records, uyasebenza, ungadlala kuwo.

Abadlali Abadumile

I-ukulele kade yayeka ukuba insimbi yendawo yaseHawaii, manje isiyisiginci esidumile nesithandwa abaculi. Abaningi besiginci abadumile bathanda insimbi encane, bayisebenzisa emakhonsathini, ngaleyo ndlela baba nesandla ekwandiseni kwayo.

Umdlali we-ukulele odume kakhulu ngumshayi wesigingci waseHawaii u-Israel Kaanoi Kamakawiwoole. Waba nesithakazelo emculweni wesiginci kusukela esemncane, e-Hawaiian Islands ungusaziwayo omkhulu, abantu bambiza ngothando ngokuthi "umdondoshiya omnene".

Abantu baseHawaii baphinde babheke u-Eddie Kamae noGabby Pahinui, abadale iqembu lomculo elithi The Sons of Hawaii, njengezihlabani zendawo. Benza umculo wesiginci wokushisekela izwe nokhuthazayo ngokufaka ama-motifs kazwelonke.

Kwabathanda kakhulu ukulele kufanele kubizwe:

• umculi we-jazz uLaila Ritz;
• Umlingisi wamahlaya wesiNgisi nomculi uGeorge Formby;
• Umshayi wesigingci waseMelika uRoy Smeck;
• Umlingisi waseMelika uCliff Edwards;
• umculi ohambayo uRocky Leon;
• virtuoso guitarist Jake Shimabukuro;
• Umculi we-techno waseCanada uJames Hill.

I-ukulele iyithuluzi elimangalisayo eliye laduma hhayi nje ngomsindo walo ogqamile futhi omuhle, kodwa futhi nangokubumbana kwalo. Ingathathwa ohambweni, ekuvakasheni, emcimbini - yonke indawo umculi udala isimo senjabulo ngokudlala ukulele.