Umlando wesitho sikagesi

Umlando wezinsimbi zomculo we-elekthronikhi waqala ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Ukusungulwa komsakazo, ucingo, i-telegraph kwafaka umfutho ekwakhiweni kwezinsimbi zama-radio-electronic. Kuvela isiqondiso esisha esikweni lomculo - i-electromusic.

Ukuqala kweminyaka yobudala yomculo we-elekthronikhi

Enye yezinsimbi zomculo zokuqala zikagesi kwakuyi-telharmonium (dynamophone). Ingabizwa ngokuthi umsunguli wesitho sikagesi. Leli thuluzi ladalwa unjiniyela waseMelika uTadeus Cahill. Ngemva kokuqala ukusungulwa ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, ngo-1897 wathola ilungelo lobunikazi "Isimiso nezinsiza zokukhiqiza nokusabalalisa umculo ngogesi", kwathi ngo-April 1906 wawuqeda. Kodwa ukubiza le yunithi ngensimbi yomculo kungaba ukwelula kuphela. Ihlanganisa amajeneretha kagesi angu-145 ashunwe kumafrikhwensi ahlukene. Babedlulisela imisindo ngezintambo zocingo. Ithuluzi lalinesisindo esingamathani angama-200, linobude obungamamitha ayi-19.

Elandela uCahill, unjiniyela waseSoviet uLev Theremin ngo-1920 wenza insimbi yomculo egcwele kagesi, ebizwa ngokuthi i-Theremin. Lapho udlala kuyo, umculi wayengadingi ngisho nokuthinta insimbi, kwanele ukuhambisa izandla zakhe ngokuphathelene nezimpondo eziqondile nezivundlile, eshintsha imvamisa yomsindo.

Umbono webhizinisi ophumelelayo

Kodwa insimbi yomculo ethandwa kakhulu ye-elekthronikhi mhlawumbe kwakuyisitho sikagesi sikaHammond. Yasungulwa ngu-American Lorenz Hammond ngo-1934. L. Hammond wayengeyena umculi, wayengenayo ngisho indlebe yomculo. Singasho ukuthi ukwakhiwa kwesitho sikagesi ekuqaleni kwakuyibhizinisi lezentengiselwano, njengoba kwavela ukuthi liphumelele kakhulu. Ikhibhodi evela kupiyano, eyenziwe yesimanje ngendlela ekhethekile, yaba yisisekelo sesitho sikagesi. Ukhiye ngamunye wawuxhunywe kumjikelezo kagesi ngezintambo ezimbili, futhi ngosizo lokushintshwa okulula, imisindo ethakazelisayo yakhishwa. Ngenxa yalokho, usosayensi wadala ithuluzi elizwakala njengesitho somoya sangempela, kodwa sasincane kakhulu ngobukhulu nesisindo. Ngo-Ephreli 24, 1934 uLawrence Hammond wathola ilungelo lobunikazi lokusungulwa kwakhe. Ithuluzi laqala ukusetshenziswa esikhundleni sesitho esivamile emasontweni ase-United States. Abaculi bajabulele i-organ kagesi, inani labadumile abasebenzisa i-organ kagesi lalihlanganisa namaqembu omculo adumile angaleso sikhathi njengeBeatles, Deep Purple, Yebo nabanye.

EBelgium, maphakathi nawo-1950, kwasungulwa imodeli entsha yesitho sikagesi. Unjiniyela waseBelgium u-Anton Pari waba umdali wezinsimbi zomculo. Wayenefemu encane yokukhiqiza izimpondo zethelevishini. Ukuthuthukiswa nokudayiswa kwemodeli entsha yesitho sikagesi kwaletha imali enhle enkampanini. Isitho se-Pari sasihlukile esithweni se-Hammond ngokuba nejeneretha yethoni ye-electrostatic. EYurophu, le modeli isithandwa kakhulu.

ESoviet Union, ngaphansi kwe-Iron Curtain, abathandi bomculo abasha balalela isitho sikagesi kumarekhodi angaphansi komhlaba. Ukuqoshwa kwama-x-ray kwajabulisa intsha yaseSoviet. Enye yalezi zothando kwaba unjiniyela osemncane Soviet electronics Leonid Ivanovich Fedorchuk. Ngo-1962, wathola umsebenzi embonini ye-Elektroizmeritel e-Zhytomyr, futhi kakade ngo-1964, insimbi yokuqala kagesi eyenziwe ekhaya ebizwa ngokuthi i-Romantika yazwakala embonini. Umgomo wokukhiqiza umsindo kuleli thuluzi kwakungeyona i-electromechanical, kodwa i-electronic kuphela.

Ngokushesha isitho sokuqala sikagesi sizoba nekhulu leminyaka ubudala, kodwa ukuthandwa kwayo akuzange kuhambe. Leli thuluzi lomculo lisebenza emhlabeni wonke - lilungele amakhonsathi nezitudiyo, ukwenza isonto nomculo wesimanje odumile.