UFriedrich von Flotow |

UFriedrich von Flotow

I-Flotov. "Marta". I-M'appari (B. Gigli)

Udumo lukaFlotov manje alusekelwe ngisho ku-opera eyodwa "uMarta", kodwa endaweni eyodwa evela kuyo, nakuba maphakathi nekhulu lama-30 wayephakathi kwababhali abadumile bama-comic operas aseJalimane. Ingqikithi yabo idlule i-XNUMX e-Flotov.

Isibongo esithi Flotov, esizwakala kakhulu isiRashiya, empeleni sivela egameni lenqaba yomndeni iVlotho eWestphalia eduze kwaseMinden eMfuleni iWeser (manje eyisikhungo sesifunda saseNyakatho Rhine-Westphalia). Okhokho bomqambi bathuthela eMecklenburg emuva ngekhulu le-1810, umndeni wakhe we-baronial wawuthathwa njengomunye wemidala kakhulu kulelizwe futhi wawuphethe abanikazi bomhlaba abaningi abazungezile. Ngo-26, uyise womqambi, isikhulu sebutho lasePrussia, waba umnikazi wezwe. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlasela kukaNapoleon kwamholela encithakalweni, kanti umqambi wesikhathi esizayo uFriedrich von Flotow wazalwa ngo-April 1812, XNUMX endlini enesizotha yendawo yomndeni wakwaTeitendorf eMecklenburg. Uyise wamnika inkonzo yezobuchwephesha, wabona emculweni kuphela ukuzilibazisa okumnandi futhi wayephikisana ngazo zonke izindlela nokuthuthukiswa kwethalenta lomfana. UFriedrich wathola izifundo zakhe zokuqala zepiyano kumama wakhe nakuthisha wasekhaya, wabe esefunda i-ogani nokuvumelana, wadlala i-viola embuthanweni wokucula wendawo, futhi waqala ukuqamba ngasese. Lapho eneminyaka eyishumi nesithupha, uyise wavuma izicelo eziphikelelayo wahamba nendodana yakhe eParis. Lapha u-Flotov wafunda nothisha abangcono kakhulu - umculi wepiyano we-virtuoso u-JP Piksis kanye noprofesa we-conservatory, umqambi u-A. Reicha (uBerlioz wayengumfundi wakhe ngesikhathi esifanayo).

INguquko kaJulayi ka-1830 yaphoqa uFlotov ukuba ahambe eParis, lapho abuya khona ngoMeyi wonyaka olandelayo futhi waba umngane oseduze noMeyerbeer, Offenbach, Rossini, nababhali bama-comic operas aseFrance. U-Flotov wabhala i-opera yakhe yokuqala yemidlalo ye-amateur kuma-salon ahloniphekile. Lokhu kwenza igama lakhe lidume eParis, futhi ekugcineni, ngo-1835, i-premiere ye-opera yakhe "uPeter noKaterina" yenzeka esiteji sochwepheshe - eSchwerin Court Theatre. Uzuza ama-Fleets kanye nemidlalo yaseshashalazini encane yaseParis, lapho enza khona ama-opera ngokubambisana nabaqambi baseFrance. Impumelelo yokuqala yalethwa The Shipwreck of the Medusa (1839), okwathi ngemva kwalokho uFlotov wangena ezigabeni eziyinhloko zenhloko-dolobha yaseFrance - i-Grand Opera ne-Opéra-Comique. Ukuhlonishwa eJalimane kweza no-Alessandro Stradella, i-opera eya ku-libretto yaseJalimane eyadlalwa eHamburg (1844) futhi ngokushesha kwamanye amadolobha aseYurophu. Nokho, le mpumelelo yasibekela eminyakeni emithathu kamuva nguMarta, impumelelo ephakeme kakhulu kaFlotov, lapho engazange akwazi ukuvuka futhi kuyo yonke iminyaka engu-35 eyalandela yomsebenzi wakhe.

Ngo-1855, u-Flotov wamenywa esikhundleni sokuba umqondisi we-Court Theatre kanye nenhloko yomculo wasenkantolo e-Schwerin, wanikela umzamo omkhulu ekuhleleni kabusha i-orchestra, kodwa wanqotshwa "empini yakhe yeminyaka eyisikhombisa" ngezingxabano nezingxabano. wabuyela eParis ngo-1863. Ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu, wazinza endaweni yakhe e-Lower Austria futhi wazithola esexhumene kakhulu neVienna, idolobha ayethandwa kakhulu kulo. Amatiyetha ase-Viennese afuna imikhiqizo eyengeziwe, futhi u-Flotov ulungisa kabusha ama-opera akhe amadala ase-French ngokubambisana no-librettist waseJalimane. Kodwa-ke, i-opera ngayinye elandelayo iba buthakathaka kuneyangaphambili, kangangokuthi kwasala isithunzi kuphela sombhali wencwadi ethi "Marta" ("Ithunzi" nelithi "Umthunzi Wakhe" amagama aseFrance naseJalimane kwelinye lama-opera aphuzile kaFlotov. ). Umqambi wachitha iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe endaweni eseduze kwase-Darmstadt, kwathi ngo-April 1882 waya e-Vienna, lapho amenywa khona njengesivakashi esihlonishwayo emdlalweni we-500 ka-Martha e-Court Theatre. Walugubha kanje usuku lwakhe lokuzalwa lwama-70.

UFlotov wafa ngoJanuwari 24, 1883 eDarmstadt.

A. Koenigsberg