Ungasikhetha kanjani isiginci se-acoustic

Isiginci se-acoustic iyintambo kukha insimbi yomculo (ezinhlotsheni eziningi ezinezintambo eziyisithupha) ezivela emndenini wesiginci. Umklamo izici zeziginci ezinjalo kukhona: ngokuvamile izintambo zensimbi, umngcingo intamo kanye nokuba khona kwe- yesikebhe (insimbi yensimbi) ngaphakathi intamo ukulungisa ukuphakama kwezintambo.

Kulesi sihloko, ochwepheshe besitolo "Umfundi" bazokutshela ukuthi ungakhetha kanjani kahle isiginci se-acoustic osidingayo, futhi ungakhokhi ngokweqile ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ukuze ukwazi ukuziveza kangcono futhi uxhumane nomculo.

Ukwakhiwa kwesiginci

Ngokuqonda izisekelo zesiginci se-acoustic, uzokwazi ukubona nokuqonda ama-nuances azokusiza ukuthi ukhethe ithuluzi elifaneleka kakhulu.

Ukwakhiwa kwesiginci se-acoustic

1. Izikhonkwane (isikhonkwane indlela )  zingamathuluzi akhethekile alawula ukushuba kwezintambo ezinsimbini zomculo ezinezintambo, futhi, okokuqala, anomthwalo wemfanelo wokushuna kwazo ngokungafani nalutho. Izikhonkwane ziyithuluzi okufanele ube nalo kunoma iyiphi insimbi yomculo enezintambo.

isiginci izikhonkwane

2.  nut - imininingwane yezinsimbi zomculo ezinezintambo (izinsimbi ezikhotheme nezihlutshiwe) eziphakamisa intambo ngaphezu ibhodi leminwe ekuphakameni okudingekayo.

nut _

nut _

3. Ama-Frets izingxenye ezitholakala kubo bonke ubude be isiginci intamo , okuyimicu yensimbi ephambanayo ephumela ekushintsheni umsindo nokushintsha inothi. Futhi yizimpahla yibanga phakathi kwalezi zingxenye ezimbili.

4.  I-Fretboard – ingxenye yokhuni emide, lapho izintambo zicindezelwa khona ngesikhathi somdlalo ukushintsha inothi.

igolo lesiginci

5. Isithende sentamo indawo lapho intamo nomzimba wesiginci unamathiselwe . Ngokuvamile lo mqondo ufanelekile kumagitare abhawudi. Isithende ngokwaso singashaywa ukuze sifinyelele kangcono kuyaqaqamba . Abakhiqizi besiginci abahlukene bakwenza ngendlela yabo.

intamo isithende

6. shell - (kusuka ku-Ch. ukugoqa, ukugoqa okuthile) - uhlangothi lomzimba (olugobile noma oluyinhlanganisela) iminyuziyamu. amathuluzi. Kulula ukusho ukuthi igobolondo yizindonga eziseceleni.

igobolondo

7. Ngaphezulu Emaphoyiseni - uhlangothi oluyisicaba lomzimba wensimbi yomculo enezintambo, esebenzela ukukhulisa umsindo.

Izinto ezithinta umsindo

Ngaphandle kokwakhiwa okufanayo okuyisisekelo nokuklama, iziginci ze-acoustic ziyehluka ngo izici ezibalulekile ezithinta umsindo, ukusebenza, nomuzwa wensimbi. Lezi zici zifaka:

• uhlobo lwegobolondo
• impahla yezindlu
• intamo ububanzi nobude
• izintambo - inayiloni noma insimbi
• uhlobo lwezinkuni ze-acoustic

Ukwazi ama-nuances esigabeni ngasinye salezi zigaba kuzokusiza wenze ukukhetha okungcono kakhulu lapho uthenga isiginci se-acoustic.

Izinhlobo Ezivalekile: Comfort and Sonority

Ngaphambi kokuthenga isiginci, kubalulekile ukuqiniseka ukuthi, okokuqala, uphelele aneliseke ngomsindo yaleli thuluzi, futhi okwesibili , Ikona ekulungele ukubamba ihlezi futhi imile.

Umzimba omkhulu wesiginci yi- ibhodi yomsindo . Ngokuvamile, i- emikhulu i Emaphoyiseni , uya ngokuya uba phezulu umsindo. Ukuhlanganiswa komzimba omkhulu nokhalo oluncane kwenza isiginci sikhululeke. Ubukhulu obuqondile bamamodeli ahlukene bungase buhluke kuye ngomkhiqizi, kodwa kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa ezivamile zemizimba yesiginci:

1. I-Dreadnaught  ( Kuhlafunwe ) - okujwayelekile western . Iziginci ezinomzimba onjalo zibonakala ngokuningi i-bass ephinyisiwe ngomsindo “wokubhonga” ongavamile. Isiginci esinjalo silungele ukudlala ku-ensemble nokudlala izintambo ku-ami, kodwa ezingxenyeni ezizimele ngeke kuhlale kuyinketho enhle.
2. Imodeli ye-Orchestral . Uhlobo lomzimba "we-orchestra" luvame ukuba ne bushelelezi futhi umsindo "othambile". - ibhalansi ephelele phakathi kwezintambo ezingezansi nezingaphezulu. Lezi ziginci zilungele ukucosha. Ububi obuyinhloko kuphela ivolumu ebuthakathaka yensimbi, uma, isibonelo, udlala isiginci esinjalo ku-acoustic ensemble. Noma kunjalo ngokuvamile awekho ama-bass anele, ikakhulukazi ngesitayela sokudlala kanzima.
3. Jumbo - " jumbo ” (umzimba owandisiwe). Lolu hlobo lomzimba wesigingci se-acoustic luhlobo yokuvumelana phakathi ezimbili ezedlule. Inzuzo yayo eyinhloko ingumzimba omkhulu okhulisa umsindo ezingeni lezinga western (ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nangaphezulu), futhi ukucushwa kwayo okulinganayo kuyenza ilinganisele futhi isondele kumodeli ye-orchestra enethoni yesici "emanzi". ” Jumbo ” Iziginci zilungele izitayela zomculo ezixubile, ikakhulukazi uma udlalwa esiteji. I-jumbo enezintambo ezingu-12 ibuye idume kakhulu .

Izinhlobo ezimbili zokuqala zokwakha isikebhe, ezisadume kakhulu futhi ezivamile kuze kube namuhla, zathuthukiswa nguMartin. AbaseNtshonalanga kanye namamodeli e-orchestra yiMartin D-28 kanye noMartin OM-28. Ukwakhiwa kohlobo lwesithathu, noma kunalokho ukuthuthukiswa kwayo, kungokwenkampani yaseGibson, lapho imodeli ye-Gibson J-200 isengumdabu waseMelika ” jumbo ” isiginci.

Impahla yomzimba yesiginci

Umsindo odalwe yizintambo zesiginci usakazwa nge- okuthungiwe ebhodini lomsindo, elisebenza njengeamplifier. Ukhuni olusetshenziswa ukwenza phezulu lune- ithonya eliyinhloko kumlingiswa womsindo wensimbi. Yingakho, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, i-enkulu Emaphoyiseni , umsindo uphezulu.

Okuphezulu Emaphoyiseni yesiginci se-acoustic ingaba eqinile noma i-laminated. Okuqinile ibhodi yomsindo ngokuvamile yenziwa ngezingcezu ezimbili zokhuni ezinephethini elilodwa elihambisana nephethini yokusanhlamvu phakathi nendawo. I-laminated ibhodi yomsindo yenziwe ngezingqimba eziningana zokhuni zicindezelwe ndawonye, ​​kanti ungqimba olungaphezulu ngokuvamile lwenziwa ngokhuni olubaluleke kakhulu.

I-Laminate idlidliza kabi kunebhodi eliqinile, ngakho-ke umsindo unjalo umsindo omncane futhi ocebile . Kodwa-ke, isiginci se-laminated siyisinqumo esihle sabaqalayo abathola insimbi yabo yokuqala.

Izintambo: inayiloni noma insimbi

Kunombono oyiphutha ovamile wokuthi isiginci sokuqala somuntu oqalayo kufanele sibe nezintambo zenayiloni ngoba kulula ukuzidlala. Kodwa-ke, ukufaka izintambo zenayiloni esikhundleni sensimbi futhi okuphambene nalokho kuqhubeke the insimbi efanayo ayemukeleki , futhi akulungile ngokuyisisekelo ukucabanga ukuthi ukusuka kolunye uhlobo lwentambo ukuya kolunye kuyindaba yekhono nolwazi.

Zikhethele kufanele kunqunywe umculo ohlose ukuwudlala. Umsindo okhishwe ezintanjeni zenayiloni uthambile, uvalekile. Lezi zintambo zisetshenziswa kuma-guitar classical. Isiginci sakudala sinemfushane, ebanzi intamo (futhi kanjalo nesikhala esikhulu sezintambo) kunesiginci se-acoustic yentambo yensimbi.

Izintambo zensimbi zisetshenziswa kabanzi, ngokuvamile ezinhlotsheni zomculo ezifana ne-rock, pop, kanye izwe . Banikeza a umsindo omkhulu futhi ocebile , isici sesiginci se-acoustic.

Ubukhulu bentamo

Ubukhulu nobubanzi be- intamo futhi isiginci siyahlukahluka kuye ngobukhulu bomzimba. Lezi zici azithinti kakhulu umsindo njenge ukusetshenziswa kwe- ithuluzi. Kuziginci ze-acoustic, akuwona wonke ama-frets avame ukutholakala phakathi kwe ikhanda , kodwa 12 noma 14 kuphela.

Esimweni sokuqala, i-13 ne-14 kuyaqaqamba zitholakala emzimbeni futhi ngenxa yalokho kunzima ukufinyelela kuzo. Uma unezandla ezincane, khetha isiginci se-acoustic ngesincane intamo ububanzi .

Izinhlobo zezinkuni zeziginci

Lapho uthenga isiginci se-acoustic, Lalela eqinisweni lokuthi izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinkuni zenzelwe izingxenye ezithile zensimbi. Ukwazi ukuthi isiginci sakho kufanele sizwakale kanjani kuzokusiza unqume. Ngezansi isifinyezo sezinhlobo eziyinhloko zezinkuni ze-acoustic kanye nazo izici zomsindo .

Cedar

Ukhuni oluthambile nge umsindo ocebile nokuzwela okuhle, okusiza indlela yokudlala. Umsedari phezulu inketho evame kakhulu kuma-guitar we-classical kanye ne-flamenco, futhi isetshenziselwa izinhlangothi nangemuva. 

Ebony

Ukhuni oluqinile kakhulu, olubushelelezi ekuthinteni. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ngoba ama-fretboards .

Cocobolo

Indabuko yaseMexico, enye yezinkuni ezinzima kakhulu emndenini we-rosewood, esetshenziselwa izinhlangothi nemihlane. Ine ukuzwela okuhle nomsindo ogqamile .

Isihlahla esiBomvu

Ukhuni oluminyene, olubonakala ngesivinini sokuphendula esihamba kancane. Njengempahla ephezulu, ine-a umsindo ocebile lokho kugcizelela phezulu uhla , futhi ifaneleka kakhulu ukudlala izwe futhi umculo we-blues .

Kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwamagobolondo namadekhi angemuva, ngoba. ingeza ukucaca ku midrange futhi kunciphisa ukuchuma kwe-bass. Ibuye isetshenziswe njengempahla ye izintamo nabaphethe izintambo.

Maple

Ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa amagobolondo nemihlane, njengoba inomthelela ophansi kanye nokumuncwa komsindo obalulekile wangaphakathi. Isivinini sokuphendula esinensayo senza lokhu okubalulekile kube kuhle ukusebenza bukhoma , ikakhulukazi kubhendi, njengoba iziginci ze-maple zizwakala ngisho noma zibhalwe ngokweqile.

Rosewood

Ukwehliswa kokutholakala kwe-rosewood yaseBrazil ezimakethe eziningi kuholele ekuthatheni indawo yayo nge-Indian rosewood. Enye yezinhlobo zendabuko nezithandwa kakhulu zokhuni ekukhiqizeni ama-acoustic guitar. Kwaziswa ngayo impendulo esheshayo kanye ne-sonority ukufaka isandla ekuvezeni umsindo ocacile nocebile. Okunye okudumile ekukhiqizeni ama-fretboards kanye nama-tailpieces.

U-spruce

Izinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu zedekhi. Ukhuni olungasindi kodwa oluqinile luletha umsindo omuhle ngaphandle kokudela ukucaca .

Ungasikhetha kanjani isiginci se-acoustic

Izibonelo zama-acoustic guitar

Yamaha F310	I-FENDER SQUIER SA-105
I-Strunal J977	I-Hohner HW-220
I-Parkwood P810	I-EPIPHONE EJ-200CE

Uhlolojikelele lwabakhiqizi beziginci abakhulu

I-Strunal

Ama-workshops omculo waseCzech ngaphansi kwegama elijwayelekile elithi "Cremona" asebenza kusukela ngo-1946, ayengaphezu kwamakhulu amabili namashumi amahlanu awo esewonke. Izinsimbi zokuqala ezikhiqizwa ngaphansi kohlobo lweCremona zazingama-violin (kusukela ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalombili). Iziginci ze-Acoustic zanezelwa kakade ngekhulu lamashumi amabili.

ESoviet Union, iKremona brand guitar ibilokhu ibhekwa njengethuluzi lekhwalithi ephezulu. Yayihluke kakhulu kumathuluzi akhiqizwa, isibonelo, e-Leningrad Musical Instruments Plant, kodwa yayithengeka kakhulu. Futhi manje, ngemva kokuhlelwa kabusha kwefekthri, lapho iziginci zikhiqizwa ngaphansi kwegama elithi "Strunal", igama elithi "Cremona" lihlotshaniswa nekhwalithi.

Ngokusho kwabanye ochwepheshe, iziginci zale mboni azikho ngaphansi kweSpanishi, kodwa zihlala isikhathi eside, njengoba isimo sezulu sezwe lakubo - iCzech Republic - siseduze nesimo sezulu saseRussia kuneseSpain. Ukuqina namandla kwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ngisho nokufaka izintambo zensimbi kuma-guitar asendulo.

Ngemva kokuwa kwe-USSR, imboni yasinda, uhlelo lwabuyekezwa. Ngeshwa, igama elidumile neliyaziwayo elithi "Cremona" kwadingeka lishiywe, ngoba leli yigama lesinye sezifundazwe zase-Italy, esidume ngabakhi baso be-violin. Manje imboni ibizwa ngokuthi "Strunal".

Ukuqiniswa kwe- intamo futhi iziginci zale fekthri zenziwa ngokuvumelana nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi "i-Austrian" scheme, enikeza insimbi amandla engeziwe. Ngenxa yomehluko wesakhiwo, umsindo we-"Strunal" uyahluka kuma-acoustic weziginci zesi-Spanish zasendulo.

Manje kukhiqizwa amamodeli angaphezu kweshumi nambili weziginci ze-classical "Strunal", ngaphezu kwalokho, imboni ikhiqiza iziginci ze-acoustic " western "Futhi" jumbo ” (cishe amamodeli eshumi nambili). Phakathi kwama-guitar "Strunal" ungathola amamodeli ezintambo eziyisithupha, eziyisishiyagalolunye neziyishumi nambili. I-Strunal ikhiqiza ama-acoustic guitars angaphezu kuka-50,000, ama-violin angu-20,000, ama-cello angu-3,000 kanye nama-base amabili angu-2,000 ngonyaka.

Gibson

UGibson ungumkhiqizi waseMelika wezinsimbi zomculo. Waziwa kakhulu njengomkhiqizi weziginci zikagesi.

Basungulwa ngo-1902 ngu-Orville Gibson, babengabokuqala ukwenza iziginci eziqinile, namuhla ezaziwa ngokuthi “iziginci zikagesi”. Izimiso zokukhiqiza iziginci eziqinile zomzimba kanye nama-pickup zalethwa enkampanini ngumculi u-Les Paul (igama eligcwele - u-Lester William Polfus), okwathi ngemva kwalokho kwaqanjwa uchungechunge oludumile kakhulu lweziginci.

Ngawo-60s - 70s wekhulu lamashumi amabili, yathola ukuthandwa okukhulu ngenxa yokuchuma komculo we-rock. Iziginci zika-Gibson Les Paul kanye ne-Gibson SG seziphenduke izikhulu eziphambili zale nkampani. Kuze kube manje, ahlala engenye yeziginci zikagesi ezithengiswa kakhulu emhlabeni.

Iziginci zikagesi zika-Gibson Les Paul Standard zango-1950s manje sezibiza ngaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyikhulu zamadola futhi zifunwa ngabaqoqi.

Abanye Abaculi beGibson/Player: Jimmy Page, Jimi Hendrix, Angus Young, Chet Atkins, Tony Iommi, Johnny Cash, BB King, Gary Moore, Kirk Hammett, Slash, Zack Wylde, Armstrong, Billy Joe, Malakian, Daron.

Hohner

Inkampani yaseJalimane i-HOHNER ikhona ngempela kusukela ngo-1857. Kodwa-ke, kuwo wonke umlando wayo, yaziwa njengomkhiqizi wezinsimbi zomoya zomhlanga - ikakhulukazi i-harmonicas.

Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-90s, isiginci se-Hohner HC-06 "salungisa kabusha" imakethe yomculo e-Russia, saqeda ukuhlinzekwa kweziginci zekhwalithi ephansi ezingashiwongo ezivela e-China. Kwavele kwaba okungenanjongo ukuwangenisa: i-HC-06 ibiza okufanayo, futhi ngokuya nge-acoustics ngisho ne-Czech Strunal yenyuka isuka ngezansi.

Ngemva kokuvela kwemodeli ye-HC-06, ochwepheshe baseRussia bahlukanise ngokukhethekile lesi siginci ukuze baqonde ukuthi kungani sidlala kahle. Azikho izimfihlo ezitholakele, izinto ezikhethwe kahle (ezishibhile) kanye nekesi elihlanganiswe kahle.

Cishe zonke iziginci ezinophawu lukaHohner zenziwa eChina. Ubuchwepheshe nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi kuhle kakhulu. I-Hohner enesici cishe akunakwenzeka ukuhlangabezana.

Martinez

I-Martinez yenziwa e-China ngaphansi kwe-oda lozakwethu base-Russian. Zenziwa efekthri efanayo namamodeli ashibhile e-Ibanez kanye ne-Fender, futhi zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufanayo. Isibonelo, i-W-801 iyi-analogue eqondile ye-Fender DG-3, umehluko kuphela kuma-nuances wokuklama kanye nesitikha. U-Martinez ushibhile ngoba umthengi akakhokhi umkhiqizo onyusiwe.

Umkhiqizo usuneminyaka engaba ngu-10, izibalo beziningi. Umkhiqizi ugcina ikhwalithi ezinzile kakhulu, kunezikhalazo ezimbalwa. Inqwaba yamamodeli we-Martinez anjalo amadreadnoughts , ngezinto ezinhle kakhulu kanye nokuqedwa. Amamodeli ebhajethi amaningi - W-701, 702, 801 - ayiziginci zesiShayina ezijwayelekile zemfundo yamabanga aphansi. Amamodeli amadala ajabule ngekhwalithi nokuqedwa, ikakhulukazi i-W-805. Futhi konke lokhu kuphila kahle esimweni sezulu sethu, okubalulekile.

Ngokuvamile, uMartinez ungomunye wemikhiqizo ethandwa kakhulu futhi efanelekile ekilasini le-ateur. Sekuyisikhathi eside ikhona emakethe yaseRussia futhi izisungule ngendlela efaneleke kakhulu.

Yamaha

Inkampani yaseJapan ekhiqiza cishe yonke into emhlabeni. Kusukela ngo-1966, kuye kwakhiqizwa neziginci. Awekho amasu amasha akhethekile kulawa mathuluzi, kodwa ikhwalithi yomsebenzi kanye nendlela yaseJapane eyisisekelo yokwakhiwa komkhiqizo yenza umsebenzi wayo.