Isebenza kanjani ivayolini? Inezintambo ezingaki? Namanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana ne-violin ...

Yiqiniso, wonke umuntu uyayazi i-violin. Ecwengisiswe kakhulu futhi eyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwezinsimbi zochungechunge, ivayolini iyindlela yokudlulisa imizwa yomdlali onekhono kumlaleli. Nakuba ngezinye izikhathi edangele, engazibambi futhi edelela, uhlala ethambile futhi esengozini, emuhle futhi enenkanuko.

Sikulungiselele amanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana naleli thuluzi lomculo eliwumlingo. Uzofunda ukuthi ivayolini isebenza kanjani, zingaki izintambo enazo, nokuthi yimiphi imisebenzi ebhalwa abaqambi bevayolini.

Isebenza kanjani ivayolini?

Ukwakheka kwayo kulula: umzimba, intamo nezintambo. Izesekeli zamathuluzi ziyahlukahluka kakhulu enjongweni nangokubaluleka kwazo. Isibonelo, umuntu akufanele angawunaki umnsalo, ngenxa yokuthi umsindo ukhishwa ezintanjeni, noma i-chinrest nebhuloho, okuvumela umenzi ukuba abeke insimbi ngokunethezeka ehlombe lesokunxele.

Kukhona futhi izesekeli ezifana nomshini, ovumela umdlali wevayolini ukuthi alungise ukushuna okushintshile nganoma yisiphi isizathu ngaphandle kokuchitha isikhathi, ngokungafani nokusetshenziswa kwezibambi zezintambo - izikhonkwane, okunzima kakhulu ukusebenza nazo.

Kunezintambo ezine kuphela ngokwazo, ezihlale zicushwe kumanothi afanayo - E, A, D kanye no-G. Izintambo ze-violin zenziwe ngani? Kusuka ezintweni ezahlukene - kungaba umthambo, usilika noma insimbi.

Iyunithi yezinhlamvu yokuqala kwesokudla ishunwe ibe ngu-E we-octave yesibili futhi incane kakhulu kuzo zonke izintambo ezethulwayo. Intambo yesibili, kanye neyesithathu, "yenza umuntu" amanothi "A" kanye "D", ngokulandelana. Zinobukhulu obumaphakathi, obucishe bufane. Womabili amanothi aku-octave yokuqala. Intambo yokugcina, ewugqinsi kanye ne-bassieest iyintambo yesine, eshuthelwe inothi "G" ye-octave encane.

Iyunithi yezinhlamvu ngayinye ine-timbre yayo - kusukela ekubhobozeni ("E") ukuya kugqinsi ("Sol"). Yilokhu okuvumela umdlali wevayolini ukuthi adlulise imizwa ngobuchule. Umsindo ubuye uncike kumnsalo - umhlanga ngokwawo kanye nezinwele ezinwetshiwe phezu kwawo.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zamaviyolini akhona?

Impendulo yalo mbuzo ingase idideke futhi ihluke, kodwa sizophendula kalula nje: kukhona ama-violin okhuni ajwayelekile kakhulu kithi - okuthiwa yi-acoustic, futhi kukhona nama-violin kagesi. Laba bamuva basebenza ngogesi, futhi umsindo wabo uzwakala ngenxa yalokho okubizwa ngokuthi "isikhulumi" esine-amplifier - i-combo. Akungabazeki ukuthi lezi zinsimbi ziklanywe ngendlela ehlukile, nakuba zingabukeka zifana ngokubukeka. Isu lokudlala i-acoustic ne-violin ye-elekthronikhi ayihlukile kakhulu, kodwa kufanele ujwayele insimbi ye-analog electronic ngendlela yayo.

Yimiphi imisebenzi ebhalelwe ivayolini?

Imisebenzi iyisihloko esihlukile sokuzindla, ngoba ivayolini iziveza kahle kakhulu njengomdlali ocula yedwa kanye nasekudlaleni ndawonye. Ngakho-ke, amakhonsathi e-solo, i-sonatas, i-partitas, i-caprices nemidlalo yezinye izinhlobo zibhalelwe i-violin, kanye nezingxenye zazo zonke izinhlobo zama-duets, ama-quartet nezinye izingqungquthela.

Ivayolini ingabamba iqhaza cishe kuzo zonke izinhlobo zomculo. Imvamisa kakhulu okwamanje ifakiwe kuma-classics, i-folklore ne-rock. Ungakwazi ngisho nokuzwa i-violin emakhathuni ezingane kanye nokujwayela kwawo kwesiJapane - i-anime. Konke lokhu kunomthelela ekwandeni kokuthandwa kwensimbi futhi kuqinisekisa kuphela ukuthi i-violin ayisoze yanyamalala.

Abenzi be-violin abadumile

Futhi, ungakhohlwa ngabakhi be-violin. Mhlawumbe odume kakhulu ngu-Antonio Stradivari. Zonke izinsimbi zakhe zimba eqolo, zazingaziswa kudala. Ama-violin e-Stradivarius adume kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe, wenza ama-violin angaphezu kuka-1000, kodwa okwamanje phakathi kwezinsimbi ze-150 nezingu-600 ziye zasinda - ulwazi emithonjeni ehlukahlukene ngezinye izikhathi luyamangalisa ngokuhlukahluka kwalo.

Eminye imindeni ehambisana nokwenza ivayolini ihlanganisa umndeni wakwa-Amati. Izizukulwane ezihlukene zalo mndeni omkhulu wase-Italy zathuthukisa izinsimbi zomculo ezigobile, okuhlanganisa nokwenza ngcono ukwakheka kwevayolini, zithole umsindo oqinile nozwakalayo kuyo.

Abadlali be-violin abadumile: bangobani?

Ivayolini yake yaba insimbi yesintu, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi indlela yokuyidlala yaba inkimbinkimbi futhi izingcweti ze-virtuoso zaqala ukuvela phakathi kwabantu, ezajabulisa umphakathi ngobuciko babo. I-Italy ibidume ngamavayolini kusukela ngeRenaissance yomculo. Kwanele ukubiza amagama ambalwa nje - Vivaldi, Corelli, Tartini. U-Niccolo Paganini naye uvela e-Italy, ogama lakhe limbozwe yizinganekwane nezimfihlo.

Phakathi kwabadlali bevayolini abavela eRussia kukhona amagama amakhulu anjengoJ. Heifetz, D. Oistrakh, L. Kogan. Izilaleli zanamuhla nazo ziyawazi amagama ezinkanyezi zamanje kulo mkhakha wobuciko bokwenza - lezi, isibonelo, u-V. Spivakov noVanessa-Mae.

Kukholelwa ukuthi ukuze uqale ukufunda ukudlala le nsimbi, kufanele okungenani ube nendlebe enhle yomculo, izinzwa ezinamandla nokubekezela, okuzokusiza ukuba unqobe iminyaka emihlanu kuya kweyisikhombisa yokufunda. Yiqiniso, into enjalo ayikwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka nokwehluleka, noma kunjalo, njengomthetho, ngisho nalezi zizuzisa kuphela. Isikhathi sokufunda sizoba nzima, kodwa umphumela ubufanele ubuhlungu.

Izinto ezinikezelwe ku-violin azikwazi ukushiywa ngaphandle komculo. Lalela umculo odumile waseSaint-Saëns. Cishe uke wakuzwa ngaphambili, kodwa uyazi ukuthi hlobo luni lomsebenzi?

C. Saint-Saens Isingeniso kanye no-Rondo Capriccioso