I-opera ethi "Don Giovanni" iwumsebenzi wobuciko ongapheli

Izingcweti ezinkulu zazikholelwa ukuthi umculo uwukulingisa nje ukucula komuntu. Uma kunjalo, noma yimuphi umsebenzi wobuciko uba mnyama uma uqhathaniswa nengoma evamile. Kodwa lapho amazwi ezwakala, lokhu sekuvele kuwubuciko obuphakeme kakhulu. Lapha ubuhlakani bukaMozart abukwazi okulingana nabo.

UWolfgang Mozart wabhala ama-opera akhe adume kakhulu phakathi nenkathi lapho ikhono lomqambi lokugcwalisa umculo ngemizwa yakhe lalisezingeni eliphezulu, futhi kuDon Giovanni lobu buciko bafinyelela umvuthwandaba.

Isisekelo semibhalo

Akukacaci kahle ukuthi indaba emayelana nenhliziyo ebulalayo yavelaphi ngezinganekwane zaseYurophu. Kwaphela amakhulu eminyaka isithombe sikaDon Juan sizulazula sisuka komunye umsebenzi siya kwesinye. Ukuthandwa okunjalo kusikisela ukuthi indaba yomkhohlisi ithinta okuhlangenwe nakho kwabantu okungaxhomekile enkathini.

Ku-opera, u-Da Ponte ulungise kabusha inguqulo ka-Don Giovanni eshicilelwe ngaphambilini (umbhali oqanjwe nguBertati). Ezinye izinhlamvu zasuswa, okwenza lezi ezisele ziveze ngokucacile. Indima kaDonna Anna, uBertati avele ekuqaleni kuphela, iye yandiswa. Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi nguMozart owenza le ndima yaba ngenye yezibalulekile.

Isithombe sika-Don Juan

Isakhiwo uMozart abhala ngaso umculo singokwesiko; kwakwaziwa kahle emphakathini wangaleso sikhathi. Lapha u-Don Juan uyisikhohlakali, enecala hhayi kuphela ngokuyenga abesifazane abangenacala, kodwa futhi nokubulala, nokukhohlisa okuningi, lapho eheha khona abesifazane kumanethiwekhi akhe.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuso sonke isenzo, umlingisi oyinhloko akalokothi athathe noma yiziphi izisulu ezihlosiwe. Kubalingisi kukhona owesifazane owakhohliswa washiywa nguye (emandulo). Ulandela ngokungaphezi uDon Giovanni, esindisa uZerlina, bese ebiza isithandwa sakhe sangaphambili ekuphendukeni.

Ukomela ukuphila eDon Juan kukhulu, umoya wakhe awunamahloni ngalutho, ushanela konke okusendleleni yawo. Umlingiswa womlingiswa wembulwa ngendlela ethokozisayo – ekusebenzelaneni nabanye abalingisi ku-opera. Kungase kubonakale nakubabukeli ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka ngengozi, kodwa lena inhloso yababhali.

Ukuchazwa kwezenkolo kwesakhiwo

Umqondo oyinhloko umayelana nokuphindisela ngesono. UbuKatolika buzigxeka ikakhulukazi izono zenyama; umzimba ubhekwa njengomthombo wobubi.

Ithonya inkolo eyayinalo emphakathini eminyakeni eyikhulu nje edlule akufanele lithathwe kalula. Singathini ngezikhathi uMozart ayephila kuzo? Inselele evulekile kumagugu endabuko, kalula uDon Juan asuka kwenye into yokuzilibazisa aye kwenye, ukudelela kwakhe nokuzikhukhumeza - konke lokhu kwakubhekwa njengesono.

Kuphela emashumini eminyaka amuva lolu hlobo lokuziphatha luqale ukuphoqelelwa kubantu abasha njengesibonelo, ngisho nobuqhawe. Kodwa enkolweni yobuKristu, into enjalo ayilahlwa nje kuphela, kodwa ifanele ukuhlushwa kwaphakade. Akukhona kakhulu ukuziphatha “okubi” ngokwako, kodwa ukungafuni ukukuyeka. Yilokhu kanye uDon Juan akubonisayo esenzweni sokugcina.

Izithombe zabesifazane

UDonna Anna uyisibonelo sowesifazane onamandla owaqhutshelwa ukuziphindiselela ngokufa kukayise. Elwela udumo lwakhe, uba iqhawe langempela. Kodwa-ke ubonakala ekhohlwa ukuthi isigebengu sazama ukumthatha ngenkani. UDonna Anna ukhumbula kuphela ukufa komzali wakhe. Eqinisweni, ngaleso sikhathi ukubulawa okunjalo kwakungabhekwa njengokufanelekile, ngoba izikhulu ezimbili zalwa empini evulekile.

Abanye ababhali banenguqulo ngokusho ukuthi uDon Juan wayenayo uDonna Anna, kodwa abacwaningi abaningi abasekeli.

U-Zerlina ungumakoti wasemakhaya, olula kodwa onothando ngokwemvelo. Lona umlingiswa osondelene kakhulu nomlingiswa oyinhloko. Eqhutshwa izinkulumo ezimtoti, acishe azinikele kumyengi. Bese futhi akhohlwe kalula yonke into, azithole eseseduze nesoka lakhe, ngobumnene elindele isijeziso esivela esandleni sakhe.

U-Elvira uluthando luka-Don Juan olulahliwe, axhumana naye ngaphambi komhlangano wakhe ne-Stone Guest. Umzamo ka-Elvira onzima wokusindisa isithandwa sakhe uhlala ungatheli. Izingxenye zalo mlingiswa zigcwele imizwa enamandla edinga ithalente lokudlala elikhethekile.

Okokugcina

Ukubonakala koMkhuzi, obonakala eshaya intambo ngesikhathi emile enganyakazi phakathi nesiteji, kubukeka kwethusa ngempela ababambe iqhaza esenzweni. Inceku ikhathazekile kangangokuthi izama ukucasha ngaphansi kwetafula. Kodwa umnikazi wakhe uyamukela ngesibindi inselele. Nakuba eqaphela ngokushesha ukuthi ubhekene namandla angenakuvinjelwa, akahlehli.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi abaqondisi abahlukene babhekana kanjani nokwethulwa kwayo yonke i-opera jikelele kanye nesiphetho ikakhulukazi. Abanye basebenzisa imiphumela yasesiteji ngezinga eliphezulu, bethuthukisa umphumela womculo. Kodwa abanye abaqondisi bashiya abalingisi bengenazo izingubo zikanokusho, basebenzisa inani elincane lendawo, benikeza indawo yokuqala kubaculi ne-orchestra.

Ngemuva kokuthi umlingiswa oyinhloko ewele endaweni engaphansi, abamsukelayo bayavela futhi babone ukuthi ukuphindisela kufeziwe.

Izici ezijwayelekile ze-opera

Umbhali useyibeke kwelinye izinga ingxenye yedrama yalo msebenzi. I-Mozart ikude nokuziphatha noma ubuffoonery. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umlingisi oyinhloko wenza izinto ezingathandeki, akunakwenzeka ukuhlala ungenandaba naye.

Ama-ensembles anamandla ikakhulukazi futhi angazwakala kaningi. Nakuba i-opera yamahora amathathu idinga umzamo ophawulekayo ovela kumlaleli wesimanje ongalungiselelwe, lokhu kuxhumene, hhayi nezici zendlela yokucula, kodwa nokuqina kwezinkanuko umculo “okhokhiswa ngawo.”

Buka i-opera kaMozart – uDon Giovanni