Herman Galynin |

Herman Galynin

Ngiyajabula futhi ngiyaziqhenya ngokuthi uHerman ungiphathe kahle, ngoba ngibe nenhlanhla yokumazi nokubuka ukuqhakaza kwethalente lakhe elikhulu. Kusuka encwadini kaD. Shostakovich

Umsebenzi kaG. Galynin ungomunye wamakhasi agqamile omculo wamaSoviet wangemva kwempi. Ifa elishiywe nguye lincane ngenani, imisebenzi eyinhloko ingeyomkhakha wezingoma zamakhwaya, i-concerto-symphonic kanye ne-chamber-instrumental: i-oratorio "Intombazane Nokufa" (1950-63), amakhonsathi angu-2 wepiyano ne-orchestra ( 1946, 1965), “Epic Poem “ye-symphony orchestra (1950), Suite for string orchestra (1949), 2 string quartets (1947, 1956), Piano trio (1948), Suite for upiyano (1945).

Kulula ukubona ukuthi iningi lezincwadi zalotshwa phakathi neminyaka emihlanu ka-1945-50. Yileso sikhathi esingakanani isiphetho esibuhlungu esinikeze uGalynin ngobuciko obugcwele. Eqinisweni, konke okubaluleke kakhulu emlandweni wakhe kwadalwa phakathi neminyaka yakhe yomfundi. Naphezu kwakho konke ukuhluka kwayo, indaba yokuphila kukaGalynin iyisici songqondongqondo omusha waseSoviet, ongowokuzalwa kubantu, owakwazi ukujoyina ukuphakama kwesiko lomhlaba.

Intandane eyashonelwa abazali kusenesikhathi (uyise wayeyisisebenzi eTula), eneminyaka engu-12, uGalynin wagcina ehlala ekhaya lezintandane, elathatha indawo yomndeni wakhe. Kakade ngaleso sikhathi, amakhono obuciko avelele omfana abonakala: wadweba kahle, wayengumhlanganyeli obalulekile emidlalweni yaseshashalazini, kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke wayedonseleka emculweni - wayekwazi zonke izinsimbi ze-orchestra yezintandane zezinsimbi zomculo, abantu ababhalwe phansi. izingoma zakhe. Wazalelwa kulesi simo esihle, umsebenzi wokuqala womqambi osemusha - "March" wepiyano waba uhlobo lokudlula esikoleni somculo eMoscow Conservatory. Ngemva kokufunda unyaka emnyangweni wokulungiselela, ngo-1938 uGalynin wabhaliswa esifundweni esikhulu.

Esimweni esisezingeni eliphezulu esikoleni, lapho ayexhumana khona nabaculi abavelele - I. Sposobin (i-harmony) kanye no-G. Litinsky (umqambi), ithalente likaGalynin laqala ukukhula ngamandla amangalisayo nangesivinini - akubanga yize le nto abafundi afunda nabo ababeyibheka. nguyena oyinhloko kwezobuciko igunya. Uhlale ehahela yonke into entsha, ethakazelisayo, engavamile, ehlala ekhanga amaqabane kanye nozakwabo, eminyakeni yakhe yesikole uGalynin wayethanda kakhulu upiyano nomculo waseshashalazini. Futhi uma ama-sonatas wepiyano nama-preludes abonisa injabulo yobusha, ukuvuleka nobuqili bemizwa yomqambi osemusha, khona-ke umculo we-interlode kaM. Cervantes "I-Salamanca Cave" uyintandokazi yokulingiswa okubukhali, ukubonakaliswa kwenjabulo yokuphila. .

Okwatholakala ekuqaleni kwendlela kwaqhutshekwa emsebenzini oqhubekayo kaGalynin – ikakhulukazi kumakhonsathi opiyano nasemculweni wamahlaya ka-J. Fletcher othi The Taming of the Tamer (1944). Kakade eminyakeni yakhe yesikole, wonke umuntu wamangala ngesitayela sokuqala "Galynin" sokudlala upiyano, okumangalisa nakakhulu ngoba akazange afunde ngokuhlelekile ubuciko bepiyano. “Ngaphansi kweminwe yakhe, yonke into yaba nkulu, yaba nesisindo, ibonakala ... Umdlali wepiyano kanye nomdali lapha, njengokungathi, bahlanganiswe baba yinto eyodwa,” kukhumbula umfundi akanye noGalynin u-A. Kholminov.

Ngo-1941, umfundi owenza unyaka wokuqala eMoscow Conservatory, uGalynin, wavolontiya ukuya phambili, kodwa ngisho nalapha akazange ahlukane nomculo - waqondisa imisebenzi yobuciko be-amateur, waqamba izingoma, amamashi namakhwaya. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-3 kuphela wabuyela ekilasini lokuqamba lika-N. Myaskovsky, futhi-ke - ngenxa yokugula kwakhe - wathuthela ekilasini lika-D. Shostakovich, owayesevele eqaphela ithalenta lomfundi omusha.

Iminyaka ye-Conservatory - isikhathi sokubunjwa kukaGalynin njengomuntu nomculi, ithalenta lakhe lingena ekuphumeleleni kwalo. Izingoma ezihamba phambili zalesi sikhathi - i-First Piano Concerto, i-First String Quartet, i-Piano Trio, i-Suite for Strings - ngokushesha zadonsa ukunaka kwabalaleli nabagxeki. Iminyaka yokufunda ithweswe umqhele wemisebenzi emibili emikhulu yomqambi - i-oratorio "Intombazane Nokufa" (ngemuva kukaM. Gorky) kanye ne-orchestra "Epic Poem", eyaba yi-repertoire kakhulu futhi yanikezwa uMklomelo Wombuso ngo-2.

Kodwa uGalynin wayegula kakhulu, futhi akazange amvumele ukuthi aveze ngokugcwele ithalenta lakhe. Eminyakeni eyalandela yokuphila kwakhe, walwa nalesi sifo ngesibindi, ezama ukunikeza umzuzu ngamunye awuhlwitha kuye emculweni awuthandayo. Yavela kanjena nje i-Second Quartet, i-Second Piano Concerto, i-Concerto grosso ye-piano solo, i-Aria ye-Violin ne-String Orchestra, i-sonatas yokuqala yepiyano kanye ne-oratorio ethi "The Girl and Death", ukusebenza kwayo okwaba yingoma. umcimbi empilweni yomculo yama-60s.

U-Galynin wayengumculi waseRussia ngempela, onombono ojulile, obukhali futhi wesimanje womhlaba. Njengobuntu bakhe, imisebenzi yomqambi iheha ukugcwala kwegazi okumangalisayo, impilo yengqondo, yonke into engaphakathi kubo yenziwe ibe nkulu, iguquguquke, ibalulekile. Umculo ka-Galynin ushubile emcabangweni, ukuthambekela okucacile kwe-epic, amazwi amnandi aqanjwa kuwo ngamahlaya amnandi namazwi athambile, aqinile. Ubunjalo bezwe bokudala buphinde buboniswe yingoma yezingoma, iculo elibanzi, uhlelo olukhethekile "oluyinkimbinkimbi" lokuzwana nokucula, olubuyela emuva "kungalungi" kukaMussorgsky. Kusukela ezinyathelweni zokuqala zendlela yokuqamba kaGalynin, umculo wakhe waba yinto ephawulekayo yesiko lomculo laseSoviet, "ngoba," ngokusho kuka-E. Svetlanov, "ukuhlangana nomculo kaGalynin kuhlale kuwumhlangano nobuhle obucebisa umuntu, njengakho konke. muhle ngempela kwezobuciko”.

G. Zhdanova