Baldassare Galuppi |

Baldassare Galuppi

Igama elithi B. Galuppi alisho okuncane kumthandi womculo wesimanje, kodwa ngesikhathi sakhe wayengomunye wezingcweti ezihola phambili zomdlalo wamahlaya wase-Italy. UGaluppi wadlala indima evelele empilweni yomculo hhayi kuphela e-Italy, kodwa nakwamanye amazwe, ikakhulukazi eRussia.

I-Italy ngekhulu le-112 yayiphila ngokoqobo nge-opera. Lobu buciko obuthandwayo baveza intshiseko yamaNtaliyane yokucula, umoya wawo ovuthayo. Kodwa-ke, ayizange ifune ukuthinta ukujula okungokomoya futhi ayizange idale ubuciko "amakhulu eminyaka". Ngekhulu XVIII. Abaqambi base-Italy badale inqwaba yama-opera, futhi inani lama-opera ka-Galuppi (50) lijwayelekile ngaleso sikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uGaluppi wadala imisebenzi eminingi yesonto: izixuku, izidingo, ama-oratorio nama-cantatas. I-virtuoso ekhaliphile - umpetha we-clavier - ubhale ama-sonatas angaphezu kuka-XNUMX ngaleli thuluzi.

Ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe, uGaluppi wayebizwa ngokuthi iBuranello - kusukela egameni lesiqhingi saseBurano (eduze kwaseVenice), lapho azalelwa khona. Cishe yonke impilo yakhe yokudala ixhumene neVenice: lapha wafunda e-conservatory (no-A. Lotti), futhi kusukela ngo-1762 kuze kube sekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe (ngaphandle kwesikhathi asichitha eRussia) wayengumqondisi nomholi wayo. ikhwaya. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, u-Galuppi wathola isikhundla esiphezulu somculo e-Venice - umphathi webhendi we-St. Mark's Cathedral (ngaphambi kwalokho, ubengumsizi webhendi iminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-15), e-Venice kusukela ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-20s. ama-opera akhe okuqala adlalwa.

UGaluppi wabhala ikakhulukazi ama-comic opera (okungcono kakhulu: "I-Village Philosopher" - 1754, "Abathandi Abathathu Abangenangqondo" - 1761). Ama-opera angu-20 enziwa emibhalweni yombhali wemidlalo yeshashalazi odumile uC. Goldoni, owake wathi uGaluppi “phakathi kwabaculi kuyafana nokuthi uRaphael ephakathi kwabaculi.” Ngaphandle kwe-Galuppi yamahlaya, wabhala nama-opera abalulekile asekelwe ezihlokweni zasendulo: isibonelo, i-Abandoned Dido (1741) kanye ne-Iphigenia e-Taurida (1768) ebhalwe eRussia. Umqambi wathola udumo ngokushesha e-Italy nakwamanye amazwe. Wamenywa ukuba azosebenza eLondon (1741-43), kwathi ngo-1765 - eSt. Petersburg, lapho iminyaka emithathu aqondisa khona imidlalo ye-opera yasenkantolo namakhonsathi. Okuthakazelisa kakhulu izingoma zamakwaya zikaGaluppi ezenzelwe iSonto Lobu-Orthodox (ezingu-15 sezizonke). Umqambi ngezindlela eziningi waba nesandla ekusungulweni kwesitayela esisha, esilula nesithinta imizwa yokucula kwesonto laseRussia. Umfundi wakhe wayengumqambi wezingoma waseRussia ovelele uD. Bortnyansky (wafunda noGaluppi eRussia, wabe eseya naye e-Italy).

Lapho ebuyela eVenice, uGaluppi waqhubeka nokwenza imisebenzi yakhe e-St. Mark's Cathedral nase-conservatory. Njengoba umhambi oyiNgisi uC. Burney abhala, “ingcweti kaSignor Galuppi, njengengcweti kaTitian, iba nogqozi ngokwengeziwe phakathi neminyaka. Manje uGaluppi akaneminyaka engaphansi kwengama-70 ubudala, kodwa nokho, ngokwazo zonke izindaba, ama-opera akhe okugcina nezingoma zesonto zichichima nomdlandla, ukunambitheka kanye nephupho elikhulu kunanoma iyiphi enye inkathi yokuphila kwakhe.

K. Zenkin