Joan Sutherland |

UJoan Sutherland

Izwi elimangalisayo le-Sutherland, elihlanganisa ubuciko be-coloratura nokunotha okumangalisayo, ukunotha kwemibala ye-timbre nokucaca kokuhola kwezwi, kuye kwaheha izithandwa nochwepheshe kwezobuciko bephimbo iminyaka eminingi. Kwaphela iminyaka engamashumi amane umsebenzi wakhe weshashalazi ophumelelayo. Bambalwa abaculi ababenohlobo olubanzi kangaka kanye nephalethi yesitayela. Wazizwa ekhululekile ngokulinganayo hhayi kuphela ku-repertoire yesiNtaliyane ne-Austro-German, kodwa nangesiFulentshi. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-60s, i-Sutherland ibe ngomunye wabaculi abakhulu besikhathi sethu. Ezihlokweni nasezibuyekezweni, uvame ukubizwa ngegama lesiNtaliyane elithi La Stupenda (“Okumangalisayo”).

U-Joan Sutherland wazalelwa edolobheni lase-Australia laseSydney ngoNovemba 7, 1926. Umama womculi wesikhathi esizayo wayene-mezzo-soprano enhle kakhulu, nakuba engazange abe umculi ngenxa yokumelana kwabazali bakhe. Ilingisa unina, le ntombazane yenza amazwi kaManuel Garcia noMatilda Marchesi.

Umhlangano nothisha wezwi laseSydney u-Aida Dickens wawunqumela uJoan. Wathola i-soprano emangalisa ngempela entombazaneni. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, uJoan wayeqiniseka ukuthi une-mezzo-soprano.

USutherland uthole imfundo yakhe yobungcweti eSydney Conservatory. Esengumfundi, uJoan uqala umsebenzi wakhe wekhonsathi, ehambele amadolobha amaningi ezwe. Wayevame ukuphelezelwa umfundi womdlali wepiyano uRichard Boning. Ubani owayengacabanga ukuthi lesi kwakuyisiqalo se-duet yokudala eyaduma emazweni amaningi omhlaba.

Eminyakeni engamashumi amabili nanye, u-Sutherland wacula ingxenye yakhe yokuqala, ethi Dido ku-Dido ka-Purcell no-Aeneas, ekhonsathini eHholo Ledolobha lase-Sydney. Eminyakeni emibili ezayo, u-Joan usaqhubeka nokwenza amakhonsathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubamba iqhaza emiqhudelwaneni yokucula yase-Australia futhi uthatha indawo yokuqala izikhathi ezimbili. Esiteji se-opera, uSutherland wamenza okokuqala ngo-1950 edolobheni lakubo, endimeni yesihloko ku-opera ethi “Judith” ka-J. Goossens.

Ngo-1951, elandela uBonynge, uJoan wathuthela eLondon. I-Sutherland yenza umsebenzi omningi no-Richard, ipholisha wonke umusho wephimbo. Ubuye wafunda unyaka eRoyal College of Music eLondon noClive Carey.

Nokho, ngobunzima obukhulu kuphela iSutherland ingena eqenjini leCovent Garden. Ngo-Okthoba 1952, umculi osemusha ucula ingxenye encane yeNkosazana Yokuqala kuMozart ethi The Magic Flute. Kodwa ngemva kokuba u-Joan enze ngempumelelo njengo-Amelia e-Un ballo e-maschera ka-Verdi, ethatha indawo yomculi waseJalimane ogula ngokuzumayo u-Elena Werth, abaphathi beshashalazi bakholelwa emandleni akhe. Kakade ngesizini yokuqala, uSutherland wayethemba indima ye-Countess (“Umshado kaFigaro”) noPenelope Rich (“Gloriana” Britten). Ngo-1954, u-Joan ucula indima yesihloko ku-Aida naku-Agatha emkhiqizweni omusha we-Weber's The Magic Shooter.

Ngawo lowo nyaka, kwenzeka isenzakalo esibalulekile empilweni yomuntu siqu kaSutherland - ushada no-Boninj. Umyeni wakhe waqala ukuqondisa uJoan ezingxenyeni ze-lyric-coloratura, ekholelwa ukuthi ngaphezu kwakho konke zihambisana nemvelo yethalente lakhe. Umculi wayengabaza lokhu, kodwa wavuma futhi ngo-1955 wacula izindima eziningana ezinjalo. Umsebenzi othakazelisa kakhulu kwakuyingxenye yobuchwepheshe enzima kaJennifer ku-opera Midsummer Night's Wedding eyenziwe ngumqambi wesiNgisi wesimanje uMichael Tippett.

Kusukela ngo-1956 kuya ku-1960, uSutherland wabamba iqhaza kuMkhosi weGlyndebourne, lapho acula khona izingxenye zika-Countess Almaviva (Umshado kaFigaro), uDonna Anna (Don Giovanni), uMadame Hertz eMozart's vaudeville Umqondisi Wethiyetha.

Ngo-1957, uSutherland waduma njengomculi we-Handelian, ecula indima yesihloko ku-Alcina. “Umculi we-Handelian ovelele wesikhathi sethu,” babhala emaphephandabeni ngaye. Ngonyaka olandelayo, u-Sutherland waya ohambweni lwangaphandle okokuqala ngqa: wacula ingxenye yesoprano ku-Verdi's Requiem ku-Holland Festival, kanye no-Don Giovanni kuMkhosi weVancouver eCanada.

Lo mculi usondela emgomweni wakhe - ukwenza imisebenzi yabaqambi abakhulu be-bel canto base-Italy - uRossini, uBellini, uDonizetti. Ukuhlolwa okuwujuqu kwamandla e-Sutherland kwaba indima ka-Lucia di Lammermoor ku-opera ka-Donizetti yegama elifanayo, eyayidinga ubuciko obumangalisayo besitayela sakudala se-bel canto.

Ngokushaya ihlombe okukhulu, abalaleli baseCovent Garden balazise ikhono lomculi. Isazi somculo esidumile saseNgilandi uHarold Rosenthal sibize ukusebenza kukaSutherland ngokuthi “ngokwembula”, kanye nencazelo yendima – emangalisayo emandleni emizwa. Ngakho ngokunqoba kweLondon, udumo lomhlaba lufika eSutherland. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, abaculi be-opera abahamba phambili bebemagange ukwenza izivumelwano naye.

Impumelelo entsha iletha amaciko e-Vienna, Venice, Palermo. I-Sutherland yamelana novivinyo lomphakathi waseParis owawufuna ngamandla, yanqoba iGrand Opera ngo-April 1960, konke ku-Lucia di Lammermoor efanayo.

“Ukube othile ubengitshele ngesonto eledlule ukuthi ngizolalela uLucia hhayi nje ngaphandle kwesithukuthezi esincane, kodwa nomuzwa ovela lapho ngijabulela ubuciko obuhle, umsebenzi omuhle obhalelwe isiteji somculo, bengingamangala ngendlela engachazeki, ” kusho umgxeki waseFrance uMarc Pencherl ekubuyekezeni.

Ngo-Ephreli olandelayo, uSutherland wagqama esiteji e-La Scala endimeni yesihloko ku-Beatrice di Tenda kaBellini. Ekwindla yonyaka ofanayo, umculi wenza i-debut yakhe ngezigaba zezindlu ezintathu ezinkulu ze-opera zaseMelika: i-San Francisco, i-Chicago ne-New York Metropolitan Opera. Eqala ukudlala kuMetropolitan Opera njengoLucia, wadlala lapho iminyaka engu-25.

Ngo-1963, elinye iphupho likaSutherland lafezeka - wacula uNorma okokuqala ngqa esiteji seshashalazi eVancouver. Khona-ke umculi wahlabelela le ngxenye eLondon ngoNovemba 1967 naseNew York esiteji seMetropolitan ngezinkathi zonyaka ka-1969/70 no-1970/71.

“Incazelo yeSutherland yabangela impikiswano enkulu phakathi kwabaculi nabathandi bobuciko bezwi,” kubhala uVV Timokhin. — Ekuqaleni, kwakunzima ngisho nokucabanga ukuthi umfanekiso walo mpristikazi oyiqhawe, uKallas ayewuhlanganisa ngedrama emangalisa kangaka, ungavela kunoma yimuphi omunye umbono ongokomzwelo!

Ekuchazeni kwakhe, uSutherland ubeke ukugcizelela okuyinhloko ku-elegiac ethambile, ukuzindla kwenkondlo. Cishe kwakungekho lutho olunamandla lobuqhawe bukaCallas kuye. Yiqiniso, okokuqala, zonke iziqephu ezinamazwi, ezikhanyiselwe ngephupho endimeni kaNorma - futhi ngaphezu kwawo wonke umthandazo othi "Casta Diva" - zizwakala zihlaba umxhwele kakhulu ngeSutherland. Kodwa-ke, umuntu akakwazi kodwa uvumelana nombono walabo bagxeki abaveze ukuthi ukucabanga kabusha okunjalo kwendima kaNorma, ukuthungatha ubuhle obusankondlo bomculo kaBellini, nokho, ngokuphelele, ngokusobala, kwaphuca umlingiswa owadalwa umqambi.

Ngo-1965, okokuqala ngqa ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi nane engekho, uSutherland wabuyela e-Australia. Ukufika komculi kwaba isibusiso sangempela kubathandi bobuciko bezwi e-Australia, abamamukela ngentshiseko uJoan. Abezindaba bendawo bakunaka kakhulu ukuvakasha kwalo mculi. Kusukela lapho, uSutherland usedlale ngokuphindaphindiwe ezweni lakubo. Ushiye isiteji endaweni yangakubo e-Sydney ngo-1990, edlala indawo kaMarguerite ku-Les Huguenots kaMeyerbeer.

NgoJuni 1966, eCovent Garden Theatre, wacula okokuqala njengoMaria ku-opera kaDonizetti ethi Indodakazi Yebutho, okuyivelakancane kakhulu esiteji sesimanje. Le opera yenzelwe i-Sutherland ne-New York ngo-February 1972. Linelanga, linothando, lizenzakalela, liyaheha - lezi ezimbalwa nje zezibongo ezifanelwe umculi kule ndima angeke ayikhohlwe.

Umculi akazange anciphise umsebenzi wakhe wokudala kuma-70s nama-80s. Ngakho-ke eSeattle, e-USA ngoNovemba 1970, uSutherland wadlala izindima ezine zabesifazane emdlalweni wamahlaya ka-Offenbach othi The Tales of Hoffmann. Ukugxekwa kuveze ukuthi lo msebenzi womculi ube nenombolo yakhe ehamba phambili.

Ngo-1977, lo mculi wacula okokuqala eCovent Garden Mary Stuart ku-opera kaDonizetti enegama elifanayo. ELondon, ngo-1983, waphinda wacula enye yezingoma zakhe ezihamba phambili - i-Esclarmonde ku-opera kaMassenet enegama elifanayo.

Kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-60s, u-Sutherland ubelokhu ecula ehlangene nomyeni wakhe, u-Richard Boninge. Ekanye naye, wenza okuningi okuqoshiwe kwakhe. Abangcono kakhulu kubo: "U-Anna Boleyn", "Indodakazi Yebutho", "Lucretia Borgia", "Lucia di Lammermoor", "Love Potion" kanye "noMary Stuart" kaDonizetti; “Beatrice di Tenda”, “Norma”, “Puritanes” kanye “neSleepwalker” kaBellini; I-Semiramide kaRossini, iLa Traviata kaVerdi, iHuguenots kaMeyerbeer, i-Esclarmonde kaMassenet.

Lo mculi wenza okukodwa kokuqopha kwakhe okuhle kakhulu ku-opera iTurandot noZubin Meta. Lokhu kuqoshwa kwe-opera kuphakathi kwezinguqulo ezingcono kakhulu zomsindo ezingamashumi amathathu zobuciko obuhle bukaPuccini. U-Sutherland, ongeyena ojwayelekile kakhulu walolu hlobo lwephathi, lapho kudingeka khona ukukhuluma, ngezinye izikhathi afinyelele unya, akwazi ukuveza izici ezintsha zesithombe sikaTurandot lapha. Kwavela ukuthi "ikristalu" eyengeziwe, ibhoboza futhi ingenakuzivikela ngandlela-thile. Ngemuva kobunzima nokugabadela kwenkosazana, umphefumulo wayo ohluphekayo waqala ukuzwakala. Kusukela lapha, ukuguqulwa okuyisimangaliso kobuhle obunenhliziyo elukhuni kube ngowesifazane onothando kubonakala kunengqondo.

Nanku umbono ka-VV Timokhin:

“Yize uSutherland engakaze afunde e-Italy futhi engenazo izishoshovu zase-Italy phakathi kothisha bakhe, lo mculi wazakhela igama ikakhulukazi ngokuchaza kwakhe izindima ezinhle kakhulu kuma-opera ase-Italy ekhulwini lesi-XNUMX. Ngisho nasezwini le-Sutherland - ithuluzi eliyivelakancane, elingavamile ngobuhle nezinhlobonhlobo zemibala ye-timbre - abagxeki bathola izici ze-Italian: ukucwazimula, ukukhanya kwelanga, ujusi, ukucwazimula okukhazimulayo. Imisindo yerejista yayo engenhla, ecacile, esobala futhi esiliva, ifana nomtshingo, irejista ephakathi, enemfudumalo nokugcwala kwayo, inikeza umbono wokucula kwe-oboe ephefumulayo, futhi amanothi aphansi athambile futhi athambile abonakala evela ku-cello. Uhlu olucebile kangaka lwe-shades yomsindo luwumphumela weqiniso lokuthi isikhathi eside i-Sutherland yenza okokuqala njenge-mezzo-soprano, yabe seyi-soprano ephawulekayo, futhi ekugcineni njenge-coloratura. Lokhu kwasiza umculi ukuba aqonde ngokugcwele wonke amathuba ezwi lakhe, wanaka ngokukhethekile irejista engenhla, kusukela ekuqaleni umkhawulo wamakhono akhe "kuze kube" i-octave yesithathu; manje uthatha kalula futhi ngokukhululekile "fa".

I-Sutherland ingumnikazi wezwi lakhe njenge-virtuoso ephelele ngensimbi yakhe. Kodwa kuyena alikho iqhinga lokubonisa iqhinga ngokwalo, zonke izenzo zakhe zomusa eziyinkimbinkimbi eziyinkimbinkimbi zihambisana nesakhiwo somzwelo sendima, kuphethini yomculo jikelele njengengxenye yawo ebalulekile.