I-Formalism |

I-aesthetic umqondo osuselwe ekuqashelweni kwencazelo yokuzimela yefomu kwezobuciko, ukuzimela kwayo kusukela kokuqukethwe kwemibono nengokomfanekiso. U-F. uyakuphika ukuhlotshaniswa kobuciko neqiniso futhi ukubheka njengohlobo olukhethekile lomsebenzi ongokomoya, obilisa ekudalweni kobuciko bokuzimela. izakhiwo. Isethulo setiyori somqondo ohlelekile emculweni sasiqondiswe ngokumelene nezothando. incwadi ye-aesthetics ka-E. Hanslik "On the Musically Beautiful" ("Vom Musikalisch-Schönen", 1854). U-Hanslick waphikisa ngokuthi “umculo uqukethe ukulandelana kwemisindo, amafomu angenakho okuqukethwe ngaphandle kwawo siqu.” Akazange aphike ukuthi umculo ungavusa imizwa ethile kanye nokuhlangana okungokomfanekiso kumlaleli, kodwa wayekubheka njengokulalela. Imibono kaHanslik yayinencazelo. ithonya ekuthuthukisweni okuqhubekayo kwe-Western-European. isayensi yomculo, eyazibonakalisa, ikakhulukazi, ekuhlukaniseni inhloso yesayensi. ukuhlaziywa okuvela kubuhle. izilinganiso. Ukuhlonzwa kobuhle bobuciko emculweni. I-claim-ve, ngokusho kukaG. Adler, ingaphezu kokufinyelela kwesayensi. ulwazi. Ngama-60-70s. Ikhulu lama-20 eNtshonalanga, okuthiwa. indlela yokuhlaziywa kwesakhiwo, nge-Krom muses. ifomu licatshangelwa ngokombono wesimiso sobudlelwane bezinombolo futhi ngaleyo ndlela liphenduke libe ukwakhiwa okungabonakali, okungenayo incazelo ecacile nesemantic. Lokhu, nokho, akusho ukuthi noma yikuphi ukuhlaziywa kwezakhi ngazinye noma amaphethini esakhiwo avamile omculo atholakala encazelweni. isigaba somlando sokuthuthuka kwayo, singokomthetho. Kungase kungabi ukuphela kukodwa futhi kusebenze imisebenzi yobuhle obubanzi. namasiko nezomlando. ukuhleleka.

I-hypertrophy yesimiso esisemthethweni ivela kwezobuciko. ubuciko ngokuvamile ngezikhathi zobunzima. Ifinyelela izinga elidlulele kweminye imisinga yesimanje. avant-garde, okuyisimiso esiyinhloko ukuphishekela izinto ezintsha zangaphandle. Isimangalo sangempela asikwazi ukungabi nokuqukethwe futhi sikhawulelwe “ekudlaleni imisindo” okusemthethweni.

Umqondo ka-F. ngezinye izikhathi wawuhunyushwa kabanzi futhi uhlonzwe ngobunkimbinkimbi beminyuziyamu. izincwadi, izinto ezintsha zizoveza. izimali, okuholele ekuhloleni okungekuhle ngokungenangqondo kwenani elikhulu lesimanjemanje. abaqambi, abangaphandle nabasekhaya, babhalisa ngokungakhethi ekamu elisemthethweni, kanye nokukhuthaza ukuthambekela kokulula ekudaleni. Ngama-60-70s. Ikhulu lama-20 lamaphutha avimbela ukukhula kwezikhova. ubuciko bomculo nesayensi. bacabanga ngomculo, bagxekwa kakhulu.

Yu.V. I-Keldysh

I-Formalism ku-ballet, njengakwezinye ezobuciko, iwukwenza ifomu lokuzenzela, elingenakho okuqukethwe. Endabeni yobuciko bonxiwankulu bekhulu lama-20 F. buthuthuka njengomphumela wokucekelwa phansi komoya kanye nokwehliswa kobuntu kwezobuciko. ubuciko, ukulahlekelwa ubuciko obuhle nemiphakathi. imigomo. Kuvezwa ukwenqatshwa kolimi lwakudala. kanye noNar. ukudansa, kusukela emidansweni eyasungulwa ngokomlando. amafomu, ekutshalweni kwepulasitiki embi, ekuhlanganiseni okungasho lutho kokunyakaza, okungasho lutho ngamabomu. F. ithuthuka ngaphansi kwefulegi lokuqamba okusha, abalandeli bayo bathi balwela ukucebisa ifomu. Nokho, ifomu, elingenakho okuqukethwe, liyahlakazeka, lilahlekelwa ubuntu nobuhle balo. F. ukuthambekela kuyisici saleyo mikhiqizo engaphuli isiko. silulumagama somdanso, kodwa nciphisa incazelo yobuciko "kumdlalo wamafomu" ohlanzekile, inhlanganisela engenalutho yezinto, kubuchwepheshe obungenalutho. I-F. in choreography ihlobene nezimo ezinjalo zobuciko besimanje obugugile njenge-abstractionism ekupendeni, ithiyetha yezinto ezingenangqondo, njll.

I-Ballet. I-Encyclopedia, SE, 1981