I-Cello: incazelo yensimbi, isakhiwo, umsindo, umlando, indlela yokudlala, ukusetshenziswa

I-cello ibhekwa njengethuluzi lomculo elizwakalayo kakhulu. Umdlali okwazi ukudlala kuyo uyakwazi ukucula yedwa ngempumelelo, angabi yingxenye ye-orchestra ngempumelelo.

Yini i-cello

I-cello ingeyomndeni wezinsimbi zomculo ezinezintambo ezikhotheme. Idizayini ithole ukubukeka kwakudala ngenxa yemizamo yongcweti base-Italian, ababize insimbi ngokuthi i-violoncello (ehunyushwe ngokuthi "i-bass encane ephindwe kabili") noma efushanisiwe njenge-cello.

Ngaphandle, i-cello ibukeka njenge-violin noma i-viola, kuphela enkulu kakhulu. Umenzi akalibambi ngezandla, alibeke phansi phambi kwakhe. Ukuzinza kwengxenye engezansi kunikezwa ukuma okukhethekile okubizwa ngokuthi i-spire.

I-cello inomsindo ocebile, omnandi. Isetshenziswa yi-orchestra lapho kudingekile ukuveza ukudabuka, ukudangala, nezinye izimo ze-lyrical ezijulile. Imisindo ehlabayo ifana nezwi lomuntu eliphuma ekujuleni komphefumulo.

Ububanzi buyi-octave egcwele engu-5 (eqala "ukuya" ku-octave enkulu, egcina ngokuthi "mi" ye-octave yesithathu). Izintambo zishunwa i-octave ngaphansi kwe-viola.

Naphezu kokubukeka okuhlaba umxhwele, isisindo sethuluzi sincane - 3-4 kg kuphela.

Izwakala kanjani i-cello?

I-cello izwakala ngendlela emangalisayo, ijulile, izingoma zayo zifana nenkulumo yomuntu, ingxoxo yenhliziyo nenhliziyo. Alikho nelilodwa ithuluzi elikwazi ukudlulisa ngokunembe kangaka, ngomphefumulo wonke cishe lonke uhla lwemizwa ekhona.

I-cello ayinakho okulingana esimweni lapho ufuna ukudlulisa usizi lwamanje. Ubonakala ekhala, ekhala.

Imisindo ephansi yensimbi ifana ne-bass yesilisa, engenhla ifana nezwi le-alto lesifazane.

Uhlelo lwe-cello lubandakanya ukubhala amanothi kuma-bass, treble, tenor clefs.

Isakhiwo se-cello

Isakhiwo sifana nezinye izintambo (isiginci, i-violin, i-viola). Izakhi eziyinhloko yilezi:

• Ikhanda. Ukubunjwa: ibhokisi lezikhonkwane, izikhonkwane, i-curl. Ixhuma entanyeni.
• Vulture. Lapha, izintambo zitholakala kuma-grooves akhethekile. Inani lezintambo lijwayelekile - izingcezu ezi-4.
• Uhlaka. Izinto zokukhiqiza - izinkuni, i-varnished. Izingxenye: amadekhi aphezulu, aphansi, igobolondo (ingxenye eseceleni), ama-efs (izimbobo ze-resonator enani lezicucu ezi-2 ezihlobisa ingaphambili lomzimba zibizwa kanjalo ngoba zifana nohlamvu "f" ngokuma).
• Spire. Itholakala ngezansi, isiza isakhiwo ukuba siphumule phansi, sinikeze ukuzinza.
• Khothama. Unomthwalo wemfanelo wokukhiqiza umsindo. Kwenzeka ngosayizi abahlukene (kusuka ku-1/8 kuya ku-4/4).

Umlando wethuluzi

Umlando osemthethweni we-cello uqala ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX. Wasusa umanduleli wakhe, i-viola da gamba, eqenjini le-orchestra, njengoba ayezwakala evumelana kakhulu. Kwakukhona amamodeli amaningi ayehluka ngobukhulu, ukuma, amakhono omculo.

Ikhulu le-XVI - XVII - isikhathi lapho ongcweti base-Italy bathuthukisa umklamo, befuna ukuveza konke okungenzeka. Ngenxa yemizamo ehlanganyelwe, imodeli enosayizi womzimba ojwayelekile, inombolo eyodwa yezintambo, yabona ukukhanya. Amagama abadwebi ababenesandla ekudaleni insimbi ayaziwa emhlabeni wonke - A. Stradivari, N. Amati, C. Bergonzi. Iqiniso elithakazelisayo - ama-cello abiza kakhulu namuhla yizandla zikaStradivari.

I-cello yakudala yathola ukuthandwa ngokushesha. Kwabhalelwa yena izingoma ezicula yedwa, kwase kuba yithuba lokuziqhenya ngendawo yakhe kwi-orchestra.

Ikhulu lesi-8 ngesinye isinyathelo esibheke ekuqashelweni komhlaba wonke. I-cello iba enye yezinsimbi ezihamba phambili, abafundi bezikole zomculo bafundiswa ukuyidlala, ngaphandle kwayo ukusebenza kwemisebenzi yakudala kuyinto engacabangeki. I-orchestra ihlanganisa okungenani ama-cellists ayi-XNUMX.

I-repertoire yensimbi ihluke kakhulu: izinhlelo zekhonsathi, izingxenye ezizimele, i-sonatas, i-accompaniment.

Ububanzi besayizi

Umculi angadlala ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka uma usayizi wensimbi ekhethwe kahle. Ububanzi besayizi buhlanganisa izinketho ezilandelayo:

• 1/4
• 1/2
• 3/4
• 4/4

Inketho yokugcina iyona evame kakhulu. Yilokhu okusetshenziswa abadlali abangochwepheshe. 4/4 ifanele umuntu omdala onokwakheka okujwayelekile, ukuphakama okumaphakathi.

Izinketho ezisele zamukelekile kubaculi abancane, abafundi bezikole zomculo wezingane. Abadlali abakhula ngaphezu kwesilinganiso bayaphoqeleka ukuthi ba-ode ukwakhiwa kwethuluzi lobukhulu obufanelekile (obungajwayelekile).

Dlala indlela

Ama-cellists e-Virtuoso asebenzisa amasu okudlala ayisisekelo alandelayo:

• i-harmonic (ukukhipha umsindo we-overtone ngokucindezela intambo ngomunwe omncane);
• i-pizzicato (ukukhipha umsindo ngaphandle kosizo lomnsalo, ngokukhipha intambo ngeminwe yakho);
• i-trill (ukushaya inothi eliyinhloko);
• i-legeto (umsindo obushelelezi, ohambisanayo wamanothi amaningana);
• ukubheja kwesithupha (kwenza kube lula ukudlala ngosonhlamvukazi).

Ukuhleleka kokudlala kusikisela lokhu okulandelayo: umculi uhlezi, ebeka isakhiwo phakathi kwemilenze, enyakazisa umzimba kancane emzimbeni. Umzimba uhlezi phezu kwe-capstan, okwenza kube lula kumdlali ukubamba insimbi ngendlela efanele.

Amaseli ahlikihla umnsalo wawo ngohlobo olukhethekile lwerosin ngaphambi kokudlala. Izenzo ezinjalo zithuthukisa ukunamathela kwezinwele zomnsalo nezintambo. Ekupheleni kokudlala umculo, i-rosin isuswa ngokucophelela ukuze kugwenywe ukulimala ngaphambi kwesikhathi entweni.