Tito Schipa (Tito Schipa) |

UTito Schipa

Igama lomculi wase-Italy uSkipa lihlala liqanjwa phakathi kwamagama abaculi abadume kakhulu engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lesi-XNUMX. U-VV Timokhin uyabhala: “… USkipa waduma kakhulu njengomshayi wezingoma. Imisho yakhe yayihlukaniswa nokucebile kwama-nuances acacile, wanqoba ngobubele nokuthambile komsindo, ipulasitiki engavamile nobuhle be-cantilena.

U-Tito Skipa wazalwa ngo-January 2, 1889 eningizimu ye-Italy, edolobheni laseLecce. Umfana wayekuthanda ukucula kusukela ebuntwaneni. Kakade eneminyaka eyisikhombisa, uTito wacula ekwayeni yesonto.

“Amaqembu e-opera ayevame ukufika eLecce, enxenxa izingane ukuba zihlanganyele ekwayeni yesikhashana yaseshashalazini yawo,” kubhala u-I. Ryabova. – UTito omncane ubebambe iqhaza elibalulekile kukho konke ukusebenza. Lapho umbhishobhi ezwa lo mfana ecula, futhi ngokumenywa kwakhe, uSkipa waqala ukuya esikoleni sokufundela ubufundisi, lapho imisebenzi ayeyithanda kakhulu kwakuyizifundo zomculo nekhwaya. Esikoleni sokufundela ubufundisi, u-Tito Skipa waqala ukufundela ukucula nosaziwayo wendawo - umculi oyimfundamakhwela u-A. Gerunda, futhi ngokushesha waba umfundi e-conservatory e-Lecce, lapho afunda khona amakilasi opiyano, ithiyori yomculo nokuqamba.

Kamuva, uSkipa waphinde wafundela ukucula eMilan nothisha ovelele wezwi u-E. Piccoli. Lesi sakamuva sasiza umfundi wakhe ukuba enze i-debut yakhe ngo-1910 esiteji se-opera yedolobha laseVercelli njengo-Alfred ku-Verdi opera La traviata. Ngokushesha uTito wathuthela enhloko-dolobha yase-Italy. Imidlalo yaseCostanci Theatre iletha impumelelo enkulu kumdwebi osemusha, okumvulela indlela eya emathiyetha amakhulu asekhaya nakwamanye amazwe.

Ngo-1913, i-Skipa ibhukuda ngaphesheya kolwandle futhi idlale e-Argentina naseBrazil. Lapho ebuyela ekhaya, uphinda acule eCostanzi, bese edlala e-Neapolitan Theatre iSan Carlo. Ngo-1915, umculi wenza i-debut yakhe eLa Scala njengoVladimir Igorevich e-Prince Igor; kamuva wenza ingxenye kaDe Grieux eManon kaMassenet. Ngo-1917, eMonte Carlo, uSkipa wacula ingxenye yeRuggiero emdlalweni wokuqala kaPuccini othi The Swallow. Ngokuphindaphindiwe umculi wenza eMadrid naseLisbon, futhi ngempumelelo enkulu.

Ngo-1919, uTito wathuthela e-United States, futhi waba omunye wabadlali abacula yedwa abahamba phambili eChicago Opera House, lapho acula khona kusukela ngo-1920 kuya ku-1932. Kodwa wabe esevame ukuvakashela eYurophu nakwamanye amadolobha aseMelika. Kusukela ngo-1929, uTito wayecula eLa Scala ngezikhathi ezithile. Kulolu hambo, umdwebi uhlangana nabaculi abavelele, acule ngamakhonsathi aqhutshwa ngabadidiyeli abakhulu. UTito kwadingeka acule esiteji kanye nabaculi abadumile bangaleso sikhathi. Ngokuvamile umlingani wakhe kwaba umculi odumile A. Galli-Curci. Kabili uSkipa waba nenhlanhla yokucula kanye no-FI Chaliapin, kwekaRossini ethi The Barber of Seville eLa Scala ngo-1928 naseColon Theatre (Buenos Aires) ngo-1930.

Imihlangano no-Chaliapin ishiye uphawu olungacimeki kunkumbulo ka-Tito Skipa. Kamuva, wabhala: “Esikhathini sokuphila kwami ​​ngiye ngahlangana nabantu abaningi abavelele, abakhulu nabahlakaniphile, kodwa uFyodor Chaliapin uphakeme phezu kwabo njengeMont Blanc. Wahlanganisa izimfanelo ezingavamile zomculi omkhulu, ohlakaniphile - osebenzayo futhi omangalisayo. Akuwona wonke amakhulu eminyaka anikeza umhlaba umuntu onjalo.

Eminyakeni yama-30s, i-Skipa isendaweni ephezulu yodumo. Wathola isimemo seMetropolitan Opera, lapho ngo-1932 aqala khona ngempumelelo enkulu ku-Love Potion kaDonizetti, waba umlandeli ofanelekayo wamasiko kaBeniamino Gigli odumile, owayesanda kushiya indawo yeshashalazi. E-New York, umculi ucula kuze kube ngu-1935. Wacula enye isizini kuMetropolitan Opera ngo-1940/41.

Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili, uSkipa wadlala e-Italy nasemadolobheni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele. Ngo-1955 ushiya isiteji se-opera, kodwa uhlala njengomculi wekhonsathi. Uchitha isikhathi esiningi emisebenzini yezenhlalo nezomculo, edlulisela ulwazi lwakhe namakhono kubaculi abancane. U-Skipa uhola amakilasi ezwi emadolobheni ahlukene aseYurophu.

Ngo-1957, umculi wahamba e-USSR, edlala eMoscow, eLeningrad naseRiga. Ube esengusihlalo wejaji lomncintiswano wamazwi we-VI World Festival of Youth and Students eMoscow.

Ngo-1962, umculi wenza uhambo lokuvalelisa e-United States. USkipa washona ngoDisemba 16, 1965 eNew York.

Isazi somculo esidumile saseNtaliyane uCeletti, owabhala isandulela semibhalo kaSkipa, eyanyatheliswa eRoma ngo-1961, uthi lo mculi wadlala indima enkulu emlandweni weshashalazi ye-opera yase-Italy, waba nomthelela ekuthandeni umphakathi kanye nomsebenzi wozakwabo. abadlali ngobuciko bakhe.

"Sekuvele ku-20s, wayengaphambi kwezidingo zomphakathi," kuphawula u-Cheletti, "enqaba ukusebenzisa imisindo ye-banal, edume ngobulula bakhe obuhle kakhulu bezwi, isimo sengqondo sokucophelela egameni. Futhi uma ukholelwa ukuthi i-bel canto icula ngendlela ephilayo, kusho ukuthi i-Skipa ingummeleli wayo okahle.”

"I-repertoire yomculi yayinqunywa uhlobo lwezwi lakhe, i-lyrical tenor ethambile," kubhala u-I. Ryabova. - Izithakazelo zomculi zazigxile kakhulu kuma-opera kaRossini, Bellini, Donizetti, kwezinye izingxenye kuma-opera aseVerdi. Umculi-umculi onethalente elikhulu, onomculo ongavamile, amasu amahle kakhulu, isimo sengqondo sokulingisa, uSkipa udale igalari yonke yezithombe ezicacile zomculo nesiteji. Phakathi kwabo kukhona u-Almaviva engomeni kaRossini ethi The Barber of Seville, u-Edgar eLucia di Lammermoor noNemorino kwekaDonizetti ethi Potion of Love, u-Elvino kuLa Sonnambula kaBellini, uMbusi eRigoletto no-Alfred kuLa Traviata kaVerdi. I-Skipa yaziwa nangokuthi ungumdlali ovelele wezingxenye kuma-opera abaqambi baseFrance. Phakathi kwezinto azidalile ezinhle kakhulu izindima zikaDes Grieux kanye noWerther kuma-opera ka-J. Massenet, uGerald kuLakma ka-L. Delibes. Iciko elisezingeni eliphezulu lomculo, u-Skipa ukwazile ukwenza izithombe zephimbo ezingalibaleki ku-V.-A. Mozart”.

Njengomculi wekhonsathi, u-Skipa wayecula izingoma zomdabu zase-Spanish nesi-Italian. Ungomunye wabaculi abahamba phambili bezingoma ze-Neapolitan. Ngemva kokufa kwakhe, okuqoshiwe komculi kuhlale kufakwe kuzo zonke izingoma ezizwakalayo zengoma ye-Neapolitan eshicilelwe phesheya. I-Skipa irekhodwe ngokuphindaphindiwe kumarekhodi e-gramophone - isibonelo, i-opera ethi Don Pasquale yabhalwa ngokuphelele ngokubamba iqhaza kwakhe.

Umdwebi ubonise ikhono eliphezulu futhi elingisa kumafilimu omculo amaningi. Enye yalawa mafilimu - "I-Arias Eyintandokazi" - yaboniswa ezikrinini zezwe lethu.

USkipa naye wazuza udumo njengomqambi. Ungumbhali wezingoma namaculo ekwaya nepiyano. Phakathi kwezincwadi zakhe ezinkulu yiMisa. Ngo-1929 wabhala i-operetta ethi “Princess Liana”, eyadlalwa eRoma ngo-1935.