I-Kemancha: incazelo yensimbi, ukwakheka, umlando, izinhlobo, indlela yokudlala

I-Kemancha iyinsimbi yomculo enezintambo. Kungokwesigaba somnsalo. Kusatshalaliswa eCaucasus, Middle East, Greece nezinye izifunda.

Umlando wethuluzi

IPheresiya ibhekwa njengekhaya lokhokho beKamancha. Izithombe ezindala kakhulu nezinkomba zensimbi ekhotheme yasePheresiya zisukela ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX. Ulwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana nemvelaphi yensimbi luqukethwe emibhalweni ye-Persian musical theorist Abdulgadir Maragi.

Ukhokho wasePheresiya wayehlukaniswa ngomklamo wokuqala walawo makhulu eminyaka. I-fretboard yayiyinde futhi ingenazinzipho, ivumela indawo eyengeziwe yokwenza ngcono. Izikhonkwane zinkulu. Intamo yayinesimo esiyindilinga. Ingxenye engaphambili yecala yenziwe ngesikhumba sezilwane ezihuquzelayo nezinhlanzi. I-spire isuka phansi emzimbeni.

Inani lamayunithi ezinhlamvu 3-4. Alukho uhlelo olulodwa, i-kemancha ishuniwe kuye ngokuthandwa yi-kamancha. Abaculi besimanje base-Iranian basebenzisa i-violin.

Ukuze kukhishwe umsindo ku-kemenche yasePheresiya, kusetshenziswa umnsalo wehhashi oyisiyingi. Lapho edlala, umculi uphumuza i-spire phansi ukuze alungise insimbi.

izinhlobonhlobo

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezinsimbi ezingabizwa ngokuthi i-kemancha. Bahlanganiswe isakhiwo esifanayo somzimba, inani lezintambo, imithetho Yokudlala kanye nempande efanayo egameni. Uhlobo ngalunye lungase luhlanganise izinhlobo eziningana ezahlukene ze-kemancha.

• I-Pontic lyre. Yaqala ukuvela eByzantium ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX-XNUMX AD. Umklamo ophuzile we-lyre usekelwe ku-kamancha yasePheresiya. I-Lyra yaqanjwa ngegama lesiGreki lasendulo loLwandle Olumnyama - iPont Euxinus, ogwini oluseningizimu lapho lwalusakazeke kabanzi. Inguqulo ye-Pontic ihlukaniswa ngokuma kwecala, elifana nebhodlela, kanye nembobo encane ye-resonator. Kuyinto evamile ukudlala ihabhu endaweni yesine ezintambo eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa.

• Inkosi yase-Armenia. Yehla isuka ePontic kemancha. Umzimba wenguqulo yesi-Armenian wakhuliswa, futhi inani lezintambo lenyuswa lisuka ku-4 laya ku-7. I-Keman nayo inezintambo ezizwakalayo. Izintambo ezengeziwe zivumela i-keman ukuthi izwakale ijulile. USerob "Jivani" Stepanovich Lemonyan ungumculi owaziwayo wase-Armenian kamanist.
• I-Armenian kamancha. Inguqulo ehlukile yesi-Armenian ye-kamancha, engahlobene ne-keman. Inani lamayunithi ezinhlamvu 3-4. Kwakukhona osayizi abancane nabakhulu. Ukujula komsindo kwakuncike ngobukhulu bomzimba. Isici sesici sokudlala i-kamancha yindlela yokudonsa umnsalo ngesandla sokudla. Ngeminwe yesandla sokudla, umculi ushintsha iphimbo lomsindo. Ngesikhathi sokudlala, insimbi ibanjwa phezulu ngesandla esiphakanyisiwe.
• Kabak Kemane. Inguqulo yaseTranscaucasia, ikopisha ihabhu laseByzantine. Umehluko omkhulu ngumzimba owenziwe ezinhlobonhlobo ezikhethekile zamathanga.

• I-Turkish Kemenche. Igama elithi "kemendzhe" nalo liyatholakala. Idumile eTurkey yanamuhla. Umzimba umise okwepheya. Ubude 400-410 mm. Ububanzi abukho ngaphezu kuka-150 mm. Isakhiwo siqoshwe ngokhuni oluqinile. Ukushuna kwakudala kumamodeli anezintambo ezintathu: DGD. Uma udlala, intamo enezikhonkwane ihlala ehlombe likaKemenchist. Umsindo ukhishwa ngezinzipho. I-Legato ivame ukusetshenziswa.

• I-Azerbaijani kamancha. Idizayini yesi-Azerbaijani kufanele ibe nezinto ezi-3 eziyinhloko. Intamo inamathele emzimbeni, futhi i-spire idlula kuwo wonke umzimba ukulungisa i-kamancha. Umzimba ngezinye izikhathi uhlotshiswe ngemidwebo nezakhi zokuhlobisa. Ubude be-kamancha buyi-70 cm, ukujiya buyi-17,5 cm, nobubanzi buyi-19,5 cm. Kuze kube yikhulu lesi-3, amamodeli anezintambo ezingu-4, 5 kanye ne-XNUMX ayevamile e-Azerbaijan. Izinguqulo ezindala zazinomklamo owenziwe lula: isikhumba sesilwane sasinwetshiwe phezu kokusikwa okujwayelekile kwezinkuni.