Ithiyori yokuthinta |

ITHINTA ITHIYORI (kusuka ku-lat. affectus - injabulo yemizwa, uthando) - umculo nobuhle. umqondo owanda ngekhulu le-18; ngokwalo mbono, okuyinhloko (noma okuwukuphela) okuqukethwe komculo inkulumo, noma "isithombe", umuntu. imizwa, izinkanuko. A. t. isuka ku-Aristotle yasendulo kanye neNkathi Ephakathi. i-aesthetics (“Musica movet affectus” – “Umculo ushukumisa izinkanuko,” kusho u-Augustine Obusisiwe). Indima ebalulekile ekubunjweni kuka-A. t. yadlalwa yifilosofi kaR. Descartes - incwadi yakhe ethi "Emotional passions" ("Les passions de l'vme", 1649). Ukufakwa okuyinhloko kwe-A. t. zibekwe ngu I. Mattheson. "Kungenzeka ukukhombisa ngokuphelele ngosizo lwamathuluzi alula ukuhlonishwa komphefumulo, uthando, umhawu. Ungakwazi ukudlulisa konke ukunyakaza komphefumulo ngamaculo alula noma imiphumela yawo, "wabhala ku-Newest Study of the Singspiel ("Die neueste Untersuchung der Singspiele", 1744). Lokhu kunikezwa okujwayelekile kwaqiniswa ngencazelo enemininingwane (ngokuvamile evamile) yalokho okungakuveza. Ngomculo, isigqi, ukuvumelana, umuzwa owodwa noma omunye ungadluliswa. Ngisho noJ. Tsarlino ("Istitetioni harmoniche", 1558) wabhala mayelana nokuxhumana nokuthinta okuthile kokubola. izikhawu kanye nonxantathu abakhulu nabancane. A. Werkmeister (ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-17) wanweba ububanzi beminyuziyamu ehlotshaniswa nomthelela othile. kusho, ukwethula kuwo ithoni, itempo, i-dissonance kanye nongwaqa, irejista. Ngokusekelwe esimisweni sika-V. Galilee, kulokhu, ama-timbres kanye nekhono lokwenza izinsimbi nazo zacatshangelwa. Kuyo yonke imisebenzi enjalo imithelela ngokwayo yayihlukaniswa; U-A. Kircher ngo-1650 ("i-Musurgia universalis") inezinhlobo zabo ezingu-8, kanti i-FW Marpurg ngo-1758 - kakade i-27. Umbuzo wokungaguquguquki nokushintsha kwemithelela nawo wacatshangelwa. Iningi labasekeli baka-A.t. wayekholelwa ukuthi iminyuziyamu. umsebenzi ungaveza umthelela owodwa kuphela, okhombisa ngokubola. izingxenye zokwakheka kwezigaba zayo kanye nemithunzi. A. t. ithuthuke ngokwengxenye njengokujwayelekile kwamathrendi avelayo ngesi-Italian, French. kanye nesiJalimane. umculo ser. Ikhulu le-18, ngokwengxenye kwakuwubuhle. ukulindela isiqondiso "esibucayi" emculweni. lokusungula 2nd floor. Ikhulu le-18 (N. Piccinni, amadodana kaJS Bach, JJ Rousseau nabanye). A. t. wanamathela kwabaningi. abaculi abakhulu, izazi zefilosofi, aesthetics yangaleso sikhathi: I. Mattheson, GF Telemann, JG Walter (“Musical Lexicon”), FE Bach, II Kvanz, ingxenye GE Lessing, Abbot JB Dubos, JJ Rousseau, D. Diderot (“Umshana KaRamo ”), CA Helvetius (“Engqondweni”), AEM Grétry (“Izinkumbulo”). Esitezi sesi-2. Ikhulu le-18 A. t. ilahlekelwa ithonya layo.

Ukuvikela isimiso semvelo. kanye nomzwelo weqiniso. ukuvezwa komculo, abalandeli baka-A. t. baphikisana nobuchwepheshe obuncane, ngokumelene neJalimane eqinile. Isikole se-classicist, ngokumelene neqembu elivela emhlabeni, elivame ukutshalwa ezingoma zamaKhatholika. kanye nevangeli. isonto, kanye nokuphikisana nemibono. i-aesthetics, eyenqaba inkolelo-mbono yokulingisa futhi yafuna ukufakazela "ukungachazeki" kwemizwa nezinkanuko zeminyuziyamu. kusho.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, u-A. t. wawubonakala ngomkhawulo, imvelo yokumakhenikha. Enciphisa okuqukethwe komculo ekuboniseni izinkanuko, walulaza ukubaluleka kwesici sobuhlakani kuwo. Ukucatshangelwa kuthinta njengokunyakaza okungokomoya okufanayo kubo bonke abantu, u-A. t. abaqambi abathambekele ekuvezeni izinhlobo ezithile zemizwa ezijwayelekile, hhayi ukubonakaliswa kwabo okuhlukile. Imizamo yokuhlela izikhawu, okhiye, isigqi, tempos, njll. ngokuya ngokuvezwa kwabo ngokomzwelo. umphumela uvame ukuholela ku-schematism kanye nohlangothi olulodwa.

References: Дидро D., Племянник Рамо, Избр. uku., ph. с франц., т. 1, M., 1926; Маркус S., История музыкальной ESTетики, ч. 1, M., 1959, gl. II; Wаlthеr JG, Musikalisches Lexikon, Lpz., 1732; Mattheson J., Umqhubi Ophelele, Kassel, 1739; Bach C. Ph. Em., Indatshana Emayelana Nobuciko Bangempela Bokudlala Ipiyano, Tl 1-2, В., 1753; Rousseau J.-J., Dictionnaire de musique, Gиn., 1767, P., 1768; Engel JJ, mayelana nohlu lomculo, В., 1780; Gretry A., Mйmoires, ou Essais sur la musique, P., 1789, P., 1797; Marx A. В., Mayelana nokudweba emculweni, B., 1828; Kretzschmar H., Iziphakamiso ezintsha zokuphromotha i-hermeneutics yomculo, ubuhle bemisho, в сб.: «JbP», XII, Lpz., 1905; его же, jikelele futhi ikakhulukazi kumbono wokuthinta, I-II, там же, XVIII-XIX, Lpz., 1911-12; Schering A., The Music Aesthetics of the German Enlightenment, «SIMG», VIII, B., 1906/07; Goldschmidt H., The Music Aesthetics of the 18th Century, Z., 1915; U-Schцfke R., u-Quantz njengochwepheshe bobuhle, «AfMw», VI, 1924; Frotscher G., ukwakheka kwetimu ka-Bach ngaphansi kwethonya lethiyori yokuthinta. Bika nge-1925st Musicological Congress eLeipzig. 1926, Lpz., 1700; U-Seraukу W., Ubuhle bokulingiswa komculo esikhathini se-1850-1929, i-University Archive XVII, Mьnster i. W., 1955; I-Eggebrecht HH, Isimiso sokukhuluma esivunguvungwini somculo nokunxusa, "I-German Quarterly Journal for Literary Studies and Intellectual History", XXIX, XNUMX.

KK Rosenshield