Okhiye abafanayo emculweni

Okhiye begama elifanayo bangokhiye abane-tonic efanayo, kodwa isimo se-modal esiphambene. Isibonelo, u-C omkhulu no-C omncane noma u-D omkhulu no-D omncane amagama afanayo. Lezi zikhiye zine-tonic efanayo - Do noma D, kodwa eyodwa yalezi zihluthulelo inkulu futhi enye incane.

Igama elilodwa lamathoni amabili

Umuntu ngamunye unegama nesibongo, okungukuthi, ukuze kuqanjwe umuntu, kubalulekile ukusho lezi zakhi ezimbili. Kuyafana nokhiye: egameni lanoma yimuphi ukhiye kunezici ezimbili: i-tonic nemodi. Futhi lawa ngamagama angajwayelekile.

Okhiye begama elifanayo banegama elifanayo, okungukuthi, i-tonic eyodwa. Futhi akubizi lutho ukuqhamuka nezibonelo zokhiye begama elifanayo: u-F-sharp omkhulu no-F-sharp omncane, u-G omkhulu no-G omncane, u-E-flat omkhulu kanye no-E-flat omncane. Thatha noma iyiphi i-tonic bese wengeza kuyo kuqala igama elithi "okukhulu", bese kuba igama elithi "okuncane".

Ahluke kanjani amathoni egama elifanayo?

Umehluko kulula ukuwubona ngezibonelo. Ake sithathe futhi siqhathanise okhiye ababili - C omkhulu no-C omncane. Azikho izimpawu ku-C enkulu, i-tonality ngaphandle kokucijile namaflethi. Kunamafulethi amathathu kwa-C minor – B-flat, E-flat kanye no-A-flat. Izimpawu eziyisihluthulelo, uma zingaziwa, zingabonwa ngomjikelezo wesihlanu.

Ngakho-ke, u-C omncane unezinyathelo ezintathu ezihlukene uma kuqhathaniswa no-C omkhulu, lapho izinyathelo zesithathu, zesithupha nesikhombisa ziphansi.

Esinye isibonelo izikhiye zika-E ezinkulu kanye no-E ezincane. Ku-E enkulu kunezici ezine ezibukhali, ku-E minor kukhona eyodwa kuphela ebukhali. Umehluko wezibonakaliso ezintathu udonsela ukunakwa ngokushesha (lokhu kwakunjalo endabeni yangaphambilini). Ake sihlole ukuthi yiziphi izinyathelo ezihlukile. Njengoba kwenzeka, okufanayo - okwesithathu, kwesithupha nesikhombisa. Ku-E enkulu aphakeme (anezici ezibukhali), kanti ngo-E omncane aphansi.

Ukuze uthole ukunemba kweziphetho, esinye isibonelo. I-D enkulu enamaciji amabili kanye no-D omncane oneflethi elilodwa. Kulesi simo, izihluthulelo zegama elifanayo zitholakala emagatsheni ahlukene omjikelezo wesihlanu: ukhiye owodwa ubukhali, omunye uyisicaba. Kodwa-ke, uma siqhathanisa nomunye nomunye, siphinde sibone ukuthi izinyathelo ezifanayo zesithathu, zesithupha nesesikhombisa ziyehluka. Ku-D encane, ayikho i-F-sharp (isithathu esiphansi), ayikho i-C-sharp (iphansi kwesikhombisa), kodwa kukhona i-B flat, engekho ku-D enkulu (ingxenye yesithupha ephansi).

Ngakho, kungaphethwa ngokuthi amathoni egama elifanayo ahluke ezinyathelweni ezintathu - esesithathu, sesithupha nesesikhombisa. Aphezulu kokukhulu futhi aphansi kokuncane.

Okukhulu kuya kokuncane futhi okuphambene nalokho

Ukwazi izinyathelo ezihlukene ezihluthulelweni ezifanayo, ungakwazi kalula ukuguqula izikali ezinkulu zibe ezincane, nezikali ezincane, ngokuphambene nalokho, zibe ezinkulu.

Isibonelo, ake siguqule i-A minor (i-tonality ngaphandle kwezimpawu) ibe ngu-A omkhulu. Masiphakamise izinyathelo ezintathu ezidingekayo futhi kuzosicacela ngokushesha ukuthi kukhona obukhali abathathu ku-A enkulu – C-sharp, F-sharp kanye ne-G-sharp. Kusele ukuhlela lezi zici ezintathu ngokulandelana okufanele (F, C, G) bese uzibhala phansi ngokhiye.

Ngokufanayo, umuntu angenza izinguquko ze-metamorphic kusuka kokukhulu kuye kokuncane. Isibonelo, sinokhiye ka-B omkhulu (obukhali abahlanu), ukhiye ongaziwa ngu-B omncane. Sehlisa izinyathelo ezintathu, ngenxa yalokhu sikhansela ama-sharps awandisayo, futhi sithola ukuthi ku-B minor kukhona okubukhali okubili kuphela - F no-C.

Ukuhlobana kokhiye abafanayo emculweni

Abaqambi bathanda kakhulu ukuhlanganisa izihluthulelo zegama elifanayo emisebenzini yabo, njengoba inhlanganisela enjalo enkulu nencane yakha okucashile futhi okucacile, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo umehluko ogqamile kakhulu emculweni.

Esinye sezibonelo ezicacile zokuhlanganiswa kwezihluthulelo ezifanayo emsebenzini owodwa yi-"Turkish March" edumile kaWolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Lo mculo ubhalwe kukhiye othi A minor, kodwa ngezikhathi ezithile kuvela amazwi aphikisayo okuqinisekisa ukuphila kuwo kokuthi A omkhulu.

Bheka, nasi isiqalo se-rondo edumile, ukhiye ku-A minor:

Kamuva, siyabona ukuthi ukhiye usushintshile waba ngu-A omkhulu onelanga:

Hhayi-ke, manje ungalalela ucezu lulonke. Uma ungumlaleli, ungakwazi nokubala ukuthi zingaki izingcezu zalo rondo ezizozwakala ku-A enkulu.

I-Mozart - i-Turkish Rondo

Ngakho-ke, kusukela kumagazini wanamuhla, ufunde mayelana nokuthi ziyini izihluthulelo zegama elifanayo, ukuthi ungazithola kanjani nokuthi ungathola kanjani isikali esikhulu kusukela kwesincane futhi ngokuphambene nalokho. Ezindabeni zezindaba ezedlule, funda futhi ngokhiye abahambisanayo, ukuthi ubamba kanjani ngekhanda izimpawu kubo bonke okhiye. Ezindabeni ezilandelayo, sizokhuluma ngokuthi yiziphi izihluthulelo ezihlobene nokuthi iyini i-thermometer yethoni.