Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann (ETA Hoffmann) |

ETA Hoffman

UHoffmann Ernst Theodor (Wilhelm) Amadeus (24 I 1776, Koenigsberg - 25 June 1822, Berlin) - umbhali waseJalimane, umqambi, umbhidisi, umdwebi. Indodana yesikhulu, yathola iziqu zomthetho e-University of Königsberg. Wayesebenza ezincwadini nasekudwebeni, wafunda umculo kuqala nomalume wakhe, kwase kuthi nomculi we-ogani u-H. Podbelsky (1790-1792), kamuva eBerlin wathatha izifundo zokuqamba ku-IF Reichardt. Wayengumhloli wenkantolo e-Glogow, e-Poznan, e-Plock. Kusukela ngo-1804, ikhansela wombuso e Warsaw, lapho waba umhleli Philharmonic Society, i-orchestra Symphony, wenza njengoba umqhubi kanye umqambi. Ngemva kokuthunjwa kweWarsaw ngamasosha aseFrance (1807), uHoffmann wabuyela eBerlin. Ngo-1808-1813 wayengumqhubi, umqambi kanye nomhlobisi weshashalazi eBamberg, Leipzig naseDresden. Kusukela ngo-1814 wayehlala eBerlin, lapho ayengumeluleki wezobulungiswa ezinhlakeni eziphakeme zokwahlulela kanye namakhomishana ezomthetho. Lapha uHoffmann wabhala izincwadi zakhe ezibaluleke kakhulu. Izindatshana zakhe zokuqala zashicilelwa emakhasini e-Allgemeine Musikalische Zeitung (Leipzig), ayeyisisebenzi sayo kusukela ngo-1809.

Ummeleli ovelele wesikole sothando saseJalimane, uHoffmann waba ngomunye wabasunguli be-aesthetics yomculo wothando nokugxeka. Kakade ekuqaleni kokuthuthukiswa komculo wothando, wakha izici zayo futhi wabonisa isikhundla esibuhlungu somculi wothando emphakathini. U-Hoffmann wayecabanga umculo njengezwe elikhethekile elikwazi ukudalula kumuntu incazelo yemizwa yakhe nezinkanuko, kanye nokuqonda yonke into engaqondakali futhi engaqondakali. Ngolimi lwemibhalo yothando, uHoffmann waqala ukubhala mayelana nengqikithi yomculo, ngemisebenzi yomculo, abaqambi nabadlali. Emsebenzini ka-KV Gluck, WA ​​Mozart futhi ikakhulukazi u-L. Beethoven, wabonisa ukuthambekela okuholela ekuqondeni kwezothando. Ukubonakaliswa okucacile kwemibono kaHoffmann yomculo nobuhle yizindaba zakhe ezimfushane: “Cavalier Gluck” (“Ritter Gluck”, 1809), “The Musical Sufferings of Johannes Kreisler, Kapellmeister” (“Johannes Kreisler’s, des Kapellmeisters musikalische Leiden1810”, 1813 , "Don Giovanni" (1813), inkhulumomphendvulwano "Imbongi kanye nomqambi" ("Der Dichter und der Komponist", 1814). Izindaba zikaHoffmann kamuva zahlanganiswa eqoqweni elithi Fantasies in the Spirit of Callot (Fantasiesucke kuCallot's Manier, 15-XNUMX).

Ezindabeni ezimfushane, kanye nakumaFragments of the Biography kaJohannes Kreisler, ethulwe enovelini ethi The Worldly Views of the Cat Murr (Lebensansichten des Katers Murr, 1822), uHoffmann udale isithombe esidabukisayo somculi ophefumulelwe, “uhlanya lukaKreisler. Kapellmeister”, ovukela i-philistinism futhi uzohlupheka. Imisebenzi kaHoffmann yathonya ubuhle buka-KM Weber, R. Schumann, R. Wagner. Izithombe ezisankondlo zikaHoffmann zazifakwe emisebenzini yabaqambi abaningi - R. Schumann ("Kreislerian"), R. Wagner ("I-Dutchman Flying"), PI Tchaikovsky ("The Nutcracker"), AS Adam ("Giselle"). , L. Delibes (“Coppelia”), F. Busoni (“Ukukhetha Komakoti”), P. Hindemith (“Cardillac”) nabanye. ubizwa ngokuthi u-Zinnober", "iNkosazana uBrambilla", njll. U-Hoffmann uyiqhawe lama-opera ka-J. Offenbach ("Tales of Hoffmann", 1881) no-G. Lachchetti ("Hoffmann", 1912).

U-Hoffmann ungumbhali wemisebenzi yomculo, kuhlanganise ne-opera yokuqala yesiJalimane yothando ethi Ondine (1813, post. 1816, Berlin), i-opera Aurora (1811-12; ngokunokwenzeka okuthunyelwe. 1813, Würzburg; posthumous post. 1933, Bamberg ), ama-symphonies, amakwaya, izingoma zegumbi. Ngo-1970, ukushicilelwa kweqoqo lemisebenzi yomculo ekhethiwe kaHoffmann kwaqala e-Mainz (FRG).

Ukwakhiwa: imisebenzi, ed. nguG. Ellinger, B.-Lpz.-W.-Stuttg., 1927; imisebenzi yobunkondlo. Ihlelwe ngu-G. Seidel. Isandulelo sikaHans Mayer, imiqulu. 1-6, В., 1958; Amanoveli omculo kanye nemibhalo kanye nezincwadi nokufakiwe kwedayari. Kukhethwe futhi kwachazwa nguRichard Münnich, Weimar, 1961; ku рус. nge. — Избранные произведения, т. 1-3, M., 1962.

References: Braudo EM, ETA Hoffman, P., 1922; Ivanov-Boretsky M., ETA Hoffman (1776-1822), "Imfundo Yomculo", 1926, No No 3-4; U-Rerman VE, i-opera yothando yaseJalimane, encwadini yakhe: I-Opera House. Imibhalo kanye nocwaningo, M., 1961, p. 185-211; I-Zhitomirsky D., Ekahle kanye neyangempela kubuhle be-ETA Hoffmann. "SM", 1973, No 8.

CA Marcus