Ernest Ansermet |

Ernest Ansermet

Isibalo esingavamile nesibabazekayo somqhubi waseSwitzerland siphawula inkathi yonke ekuthuthukisweni komculo wesimanje. Ngo-1928, umagazini waseJalimane i-Di Muzik wabhala esihlokweni esasibhekiswe ku-Anserme: “Njengabakhangisi abambalwa, ungowesikhathi sethu ngokuphelele. Kuphela ngesisekelo sesithombe esinezici eziningi, esiphikisanayo sokuphila kwethu, umuntu angabuqonda ubuntu bakhe. Ukuqonda, kodwa hhayi ukunciphisa kufomula eyodwa.

Ukuxoxa ngendlela engavamile yokudala ka-Anserme kusho ngezindlela eziningi ukuxoxa indaba yokuphila komculo wezwe lakubo, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke i-Orchestra emangalisayo yase-Romanesque Switzerland, eyasungulwa nguye ngo-1918.

Ngesikhathi kusungulwa i-orchestra, u-Ernest Ansermet wayeneminyaka engu-35 ubudala. Kusukela ebusheni bakhe, wayewuthanda umculo, wachitha amahora amaningi ophiyano. Kodwa akazange athole umculo ohlelekile, futhi ngisho nangaphezulu imfundo yomqhubi. Wafunda ejimini, ku-cadet Corps, eLausanne College, lapho afunda khona izibalo. Kamuva, u-Ansermet waya eParis, waya ekilasini lomqhubi wendawo yokufundela umculo, wachitha ubusika obubodwa eBerlin, elalele amakhonsathi abaculi abavelele. Kwaphela isikhathi eside engakwazi ukufeza iphupho lakhe: isidingo sokuziphilisa saphoqa le nsizwa ukuba ifunde izibalo. Kodwa sonke lesi sikhathi, Ansermet akazange ashiye imicabango yokuba umculi. Futhi lapho, kubonakala sengathi, amathemba omsebenzi wesayensi evuleka phambi kwakhe, wayeka konke ukuze athathe indawo enesizotha yomphathi weqembu le-orchestra encane yaseMontreux, evele yavela ngokungahleliwe. Lapha kuleyo minyaka kwabuthana izethameli ezinemfashini - abameleli bomphakathi ophakeme, abacebile, kanye nabaculi. Phakathi kwezilaleli zomqhubi osemusha kwakukhona ngandlela-thile u-Igor Stravinsky. Lo mhlangano ubuyisinqumo esibalulekile empilweni ye-Ansermet. Ngokushesha, ngeseluleko sikaStravinsky, uDiaghilev wamemela endaweni yakhe - eqenjini le-ballet laseRussia. Ukusebenza lapha akuzange kumsize nje u-Anserme ukuthi athole isipiliyoni - ngalesi sikhathi wajwayelana nomculo waseRussia, owaba ngumthandi oshisekayo impilo yakhe yonke.

Phakathi neminyaka yempi enzima, umsebenzi womdwebi waphazamiseka isikhathi esithile - esikhundleni senduku yomqhubi, waphinde waphoqeleka ukuba athathe inkomba kathisha. Kodwa kakade ngo-1918, ngemva kokuhlanganisa abaculi abangcono kakhulu baseSwitzerland, u-Ansermet wahlela, empeleni, i-orchestra yokuqala yochwepheshe ezweni lakubo. Lapha, ezimpambanweni zemigwaqo yaseYurophu, ezimpambanweni zamathonya ahlukahlukene nemisinga yamasiko, waqala umsebenzi wakhe ozimele.

I-orchestra yayinabaculi abangamashumi ayisishiyagalombili kuphela. Manje, ngemva kwengxenye yekhulu leminyaka, isingelinye lamaqembu ahamba phambili eYurophu, elinabantu abangaphezu kwekhulu futhi laziwa yonke indawo ngenxa yokuvakasha nokuqoshwa kwalo.

Kusukela ekuqaleni, uzwela lwe-Ansermet lokudala lwachazwa ngokucacile, luboniswa ku-repertoire kanye nokubukeka kobuciko kweqembu lakhe. Okokuqala, yiqiniso, umculo wesiFulentshi (ikakhulukazi uRavel noDebussy), ekudlulisweni kwephalethi enemibala lapho i-Ansermet inokulingana okumbalwa. Khona-ke ama-classics aseRussia, "Kuchkists". U-Ansermet waba ngowokuqala ukwethula abantu bakubo, nabalaleli abaningi abavela kwamanye amazwe, emsebenzini wabo. Futhi ekugcineni, umculo wesimanje: Honegger noMilhaud, Hindemith futhi Prokofiev, Bartok futhi Berg, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, Stravinsky, omunye ababhali abathandayo umqhubi. Ikhono lika-Ansermet lokuthungela abaculi nabalaleli, libahehe ngemibala ehlekisayo yomculo ka-Stravinsky, lembula ngakho konke ubuhlakani bayo ingxenye yezingoma zakhe zakuqala – i-Rite of Spring. "Petrushka", "Firebird" - futhi namanje engenakuqhathaniswa. Njengoba omunye wabagxeki aphawula, “i-orchestra eqondiswa i-Ansermet ikhanya ngemibala egqamile, ukuphila kwakho konke, iphefumula ngokujulile futhi idonsa izilaleli ngomoya wayo.” Kule repertoire, isimo sengqondo esimangalisayo somqhubi, i-plasticity yokuhumusha kwakhe, yazibonakalisa kukho konke ukukhanya kwayo. U-Ansermet wayegwema zonke izinhlobo zezinkulumo namazinga - incazelo ngayinye yakhe yayingeyokuqala, ayifani nanoma iyiphi isampula. Mhlawumbe, lapha, ngomqondo omuhle, ukuntuleka kuka-Ansermet kwesikole sangempela, inkululeko yakhe emasikweni omqhubi, kwaba nomthelela. Yiqiniso, ukuhunyushwa komculo we-classical nowothando, ikakhulukazi abaqambi baseJalimane, kanye noTchaikovsky, kwakungelona iphuzu eliqinile lika-Ansermet: lapha imiqondo yakhe yaphenduka ingabi nabuqiniso, ngokuvamile ekha phezulu, engenakho ukujula nobubanzi.

Umsakazi wenkulumo-ze oshisekayo womculo wesimanje, owanikeza isiqalo sempilo yemisebenzi eminingi, i-Ansermet, nokho, imelene ngokuqinile nokuthambekela okulimazayo okukhona ekuhambeni kwesimanje kwe-avant-garde.

I-Ansermet yavakashela i-USSR kabili, ngo-1928 nango-1937. Ikhono lomqhubi wokucula umculo wesiFulentshi nemisebenzi kaStravinsky lathakazelelwa izilaleli zethu.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek