Nazib Zhiganov |

Nazib Zhiganov

Izingoma, emphefumulweni wami ngikhulise izithombo zakho ...

Lo mugqa ophuma “ku-Moabit Notebook” kaMusa Jalil ungamalulwa ngokufanelekile emculweni womngane wakhe kanye nozakwethu wobuciko u-N. Zhiganov. Ethembekile ezisekelweni zobuciko zomculo wesintu wamaTatar, uthole izindlela zangempela nezithela izithelo zobudlelwano bawo obuphilayo nezimiso zokudala zomculo wakudala womhlaba. Kwakungalesi sisekelo lapho umsebenzi wakhe onekhono nowangempela wakhula - ama-opera angu-8, ama-ballet angu-3, ​​ama-symphonies angu-17, amaqoqo ezingcezu zepiyano, izingoma, ezothando.

UZhiganov wazalelwa emndenini osebenzayo. Ngemva kokushonelwa abazali bakhe ngaphambi kwesikhathi, wachitha iminyaka eminingana emakhaya ezintandane. Ephila futhi enomdlandla, uNazib wagqama ngokuphawulekayo phakathi kwabafundi be-Ural Pioneer Commune ngamakhono akhe avelele omculo. Isifiso sokutadisha sina kumholela Kazan, lapho ngo-1928 wangeniswa Kazan Musical College. Ekwindla ka-1931, uZhiganov waba umfundi eMoscow Regional Music College (manje Isikole Somculo eMoscow Conservatory). Ukuphumelela kokudala kwavumela uNazib, ngokutusa kukaN. Myaskovsky, ngo-1935 ukuba abe umfundi owenza unyaka wesithathu eMoscow Conservatory ekilasini likathisha wakhe wangaphambili, uProfesa G. Litinsky. Isiphetho semisebenzi emikhulu eyakhiwe eminyakeni ye-Conservatory sabonakala sinomona: ngo-1938, ekhonsathini yokuqala ye-symphony, eyavula i-Tatar State Philharmonic, i-Symphony yakhe yokuqala yenziwa, futhi ngoJuni 17, 1939, ukukhiqizwa kwe-opera. U-Kachkyn (The Fugitive, lib. A Fayzi) uvule i-Tatar State Opera ne-Ballet Theatre. Umculi okhuthazayo wezenzo zobuqhawe zabantu egameni le-Motherland - futhi lesi sihloko, ngaphezu kwe "Kachkyn", sinikezelwe kuma-opera "Irek" ("Inkululeko", 1940), "Ildar" (1942) , "Tyulyak" (1945), "Namus" (" Honor, 1950), - umqambi uyifakela ngokugcwele le ngqikithi eyinhloko emisebenzini yakhe ephezulu - ku-opera yomlando nenganekwane ethi "Altynchach" ("Golden-Haired", 1941, mahhala. M. Jalil) naku-opera-nkondlo ethi “Jalil” (1957, lib. A. Faizi). Yomibili le misebenzi iheha ngokujula komzwelo nangokwengqondo nobuqotho bangempela bomculo, onomculo ovezayo ogcina isisekelo sikazwelonke, kanye nenhlanganisela enekhono yezigcawu ezithuthukisiwe nezibalulekile ezisebenza ngempumelelo ngokuthuthuka kwe-symphonic.

Umnikelo omkhulu kaZhiganov ku-symphonism yesiTatar uhlobene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa ne-opera. Inkondlo ye-symphonic "Kyrlai" (esekelwe enganekwaneni ethi "Shurale" ka-G. Tukay), i-dramatic overture "Nafisa", i-suite yamanoveli e-Symphonic nezingoma ze-Symphonic, ama-symphonies angu-17, ahlangana ndawonye, ​​athathwa njengezahluko ezikhanyayo ze-symphonic. umlando: izithombe zezinganekwane ezihlakaniphile ziyavela kuzo, bese zidwetshwa izithombe ezikhangayo zemvelo yomdabu, bese kuvela ukungqubuzana kwemizabalazo yobuqhawe, bese umculo udonsela emhlabeni wemizwa yomculo, kanye neziqephu zesintu-nsuku zonke noma imvelo emangalisayo. esikhundleni sokuvezwa kwezivuthondaba ezimangalisayo.

I-credo yokudala, isici sokucabanga komqambi kaZhiganov, yayiyisisekelo semisebenzi ye-Kazan Conservatory, indalo nokuphathwa kwayo ayephathiswe yona ngo-1945. Iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40, wahola umsebenzi wokufundisa ubuchwepheshe obuphezulu emisebenzini yayo. abafundi.

Esibonelweni somsebenzi kaZhiganov, imiphumela yoguquko oluguquguqukayo ngempela emlandweni wamasiko omculo we-pentatonic abuyele emuva weRiphabhulikhi kazwelonke ezizimele zesifunda saseVolga, eSiberia nase-Urals yembulwa ngokuphelele. Amakhasi angcono kakhulu efa lakhe lokudala, agcwele ithemba eliqinisekisa ukuphila, izici ezigqamile zezwi zolimi lomculo ezifana nezabantu, athathe indawo efanelekile engcebweni yomculo wakudala wamaTatar.

Yebo. Girshman

Ukwakhiwa:

ama-opera (izinsuku zokukhiqiza, zonke ku-Tatar Opera ne-Ballet Theatre) - Kachkyn (Beglets, 1939), Irek (Cvoboda, 1940), Altynchach (Zolotovolosaya, 1941), Imbongi (1947), Ildar (1942, 2nd ed. - Road Pobedy). , 1954), Tyulyak (1945, 2nd ed. - Tyulyak and Cousylu, 1967), Hamus (Chest, 1950), Jalil (1957); amabhalethi – Fatih (1943), Zyugra (1946), Izinganekwane ezimbili (Zyugra kanye Hzheri, 1970); i-cantata - IRiphabhulikhi Yami (1960); ye-orchestra - 4 symphonies (1937; 2nd - Sabantuy, 1968; 3rd - Lyric, 1971; 4th, 1973), symphonic inkondlo Kyrlay (1946), Suite on Tatar folk themes (1949), Symphonic songs (1965) , Nafis Overture (1952 Overture) , Amanoveli eSymphonic (1964), i-chamber-instrumental, upiyano, imisebenzi yezwi; ezothando, izingoma, njll.