Eduard Frantsevich Napravnik |

Eduard Nápravník

Umhlahlandlela. "Harold". Yehlisa umoya, sithandwa (M. May-Fiegner)

U-Napravnik wangena emlandweni womculo waseRussia njengomqhubi ophawulekayo nomqambi onekhono. Uphethe ama-opera angu-4, ama-symphonies angu-4, izingcezu ze-orchestra, ikhonsathi yepiyano, ama-chamber ensembles, amakhwaya, ezothando, izingoma ze-pianoforte, i-violin, i-cello, njll. Njengomqambi, uNapravnik wayengenabo ubuntu obukhanyayo bokudala; imisebenzi yakhe ibonakala ngethonya labaqambi abahlukahlukene futhi, ngaphezu kwabanye, nguTchaikovsky. Nokho, umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu kaNapravnik, i-opera ethi Dubrovsky, unokufaneleka okukhulu kwezobuciko; Ulethe umbhali udumo olumfanele.

U-Eduard Frantsevich Napravnik, umCzech ngobuzwe, wazalwa ngo-August 12 (24), 1839 e-Bohemia (edolobhaneni laseBeishta, eduze kwaseKenigrets). Ubaba wakhe wayenguthisha wesikole, umqondisi wekhwaya yesonto kanye nomshayi womculo. Umqambi wesikhathi esizayo wafundiswa e-Organ School ePrague. Ngo-1861, uNapravnik wathuthela eSt. Petersburg, lapho athola khona ikhaya lakhe lesibili. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva waba umfundisi kanye nomculi we-ogani eMariinsky Theatre. Kusukela ngo-1869 kuze kube sekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe, uNapravnik wahlala engumqhubi oyinhloko wale midlalo yaseshashalazini; wabuye wadlala njengomqhubi wamakhonsathi e-symphony we-Russian Musical Society.

E-Mariinsky Theatre ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwe-Napravnik, ama-opera angu-80 afundwa futhi adlalwa. Nakuba abaphathi bemidlalo yaseshashalazini, bebonisa okuthandwa yimibuthano yezikhulu, bekhetha i-opera yase-Italy, wakhuthaza ngokungakhathali umsebenzi wabaqambi baseRussia. Wahlela ukukhiqizwa kokuqala kwama-opera kaDargomyzhsky, Mussorgsky, Rimsky-Korsakov (Tchaikovsky, Rubinstein, Serov; I-opera kaGlinka ethi Ruslan noLyudmila yenziwa okokuqala inganqunyiwe futhi yahlanekezelwa ngaphansi kwenduku kaNapravnik.

U-Napravnik uphinde wadlala ama-opera akhe e-Mariinsky Theatre: The Nizhny Novgorod People (i-libretto ka-PI Kalashnikov, 1868), u-Harold (ngokusekelwe emdlalweni ka-E. Wildenbruch, 1885), kanye no-Dubrovsky (okusekelwe endabeni ka-AS Pushkin, 1894 ) kanye no "Francesca da Rimini" (ngokusekelwe enhlekeleleni ka-S. Philipps, 1902).

UNapravnik washona eSt. Petersburg ngoNovemba 10 (23), 1916.

M. Druskin

• U-Eduard Napravnik ku-Imperial Russian Opera →

Umqambi nombhidisi waseRussia, isiCzech ngokobuzwe, wayehlala eSt. Wenze ukukhiqizwa koku-1861 kwama-opera amaningi. Phakathi kwabo kukhona "The Stone Guest" by Dargomyzhsky (1867); "Pskovite" (1869), "May Night" (1916), "Snow Maiden" (1) Rimsky-Korsakov; Boris Godunov by Mussorgsky (1872), The Demon by Rubinstein (1873), The Maid of Orleans (1880), The Queen of Spades (1882), Iolanthe (1874) by Tchaikovsky; isebenza nguCui, Serov.

Phakathi kwemikhiqizo yokuqala yama-opera angaphandle kukhona uFaust (1), uCarmen (1869), u-Othello ka-Verdi (1885) no-Falstaff (1887), i-tetralogy kaWagner ethi Der Ring des Nibelungen (1894-1900) nabanye.

Phakathi kwemisebenzi kaNapravnik, impumelelo enkulu yawela ku-opera Dubrovsky (1894), eyahlala ezigabeni zeshashalazi. Kwabanye, siphawula "uFrancesca da Rimini" (1902, St. Petersburg). Ngokuvamile, umsebenzi kaNapravnik njengomqambi awunakho ukubaluleka okufanayo kumasiko aseRussia njengomsebenzi wakhe emkhakheni womqhubi.

E. Tsodokov