Золтан Кодай (Zoltan Kodály) |

I-Zoltán Kodály

Ubuciko bakhe buthatha indawo ekhethekile emculweni wesimanje ngenxa yezici eziwuxhumanisa nokubonakaliswa kwenkondlo okuphawuleka kakhulu komphefumulo waseHungary: izingoma zamaqhawe, ukunotha kwamaphupho asempumalanga, ukufinyeleleka kanye nesiyalo sokukhuluma, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke sibonga ukuqhakaza kwezimbali okujabulisayo. wemiculo. B. Sabolchi

U-Z. Kodály, umqambi ovelele waseHungary kanye nesazi somculo-folklorist, waxhumanisa ngokujulile imisebenzi yakhe yokudala neyomculo neyenhlalo kanye nesiphetho esingokomlando sabantu baseHungary, nomzabalazo wokuthuthukiswa kwesiko lesizwe. Iminyaka eminingi yomsebenzi othelayo noguquguqukayo we-Kodály yayibaluleke kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwesikole sanamuhla sabaqambi baseHungary. Njengo-B. Bartok, u-Kodály udale isitayela sakhe sokuqamba esisekelweni sokuqaliswa kokudala kwamasiko anesici futhi asebenzayo ezinganekwane zabalimi baseHungary, kuhlanganiswe nezindlela zesimanje zokuveza umculo.

U-Kodai waqala ukufunda umculo ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukanina, wabamba iqhaza kubusuku bomculo bendabuko bomndeni. Ngo-1904 waphothula eBudapest Academy of Music ngediploma njengomqambi. U-Kodály wabuye wathola imfundo yaseyunivesithi (izincwadi, ubuhle bobuhle, izilimi). Kusukela ngo-1905 waqala ukuqoqa nokufunda izingoma zomdabu zaseHungary. Ukujwayelana noBartok kuphenduke ubungane obuqinile besikhathi eside nokubambisana kokudala emkhakheni wezinganekwane zesayensi. Ngemva kokuqeda imfundo yakhe, uKodály waya eBerlin naseParis (1906-07), lapho afunda khona isiko lomculo laseNtshonalanga Yurophu. Ngo-1907-19. U-Kodály unguprofesa e-Budapest Academy of Music (ikilasi lethiyori, ukwakheka). Phakathi nale minyaka, imisebenzi yakhe ibonakala ezindaweni eziningi: ubhala umculo; uyaqhubeka nokuqoqwa okuhlelekile nokufundwa kwezinganekwane zabalimi baseHungary, kuvela emaphephandabeni njengesazi somculo nomgxeki, futhi uhlanganyela ngenkuthalo empilweni yomculo nezenhlalo yezwe. Emibhalweni ka-Kodaly ngawo-1910. - imijikelezo yepiyano nezwi, ama-quartet, ama-instrumental ensembles - kuhlanganisa ngokwemvelo amasiko omculo we-classical, ukuqaliswa kobuciko bezici zenganekwane yabalimi baseHungary kanye nezindlela ezintsha zesimanje emkhakheni wolimi lomculo. Imisebenzi yakhe ithola ukuhlolwa okungqubuzanayo kubagxeki kanye nomphakathi womculo waseHungary. Ingxenye elandela imithetho yabalaleli nabagxeki ibona ku-Kodai kuphela ukuketula amasiko. umhloli onesibindi, futhi abambalwa kuphela abaculi ababona kude abahlobanisa ikusasa lesikole esisha saseHungary sokuqamba negama lakhe.

Ngesikhathi kwakhiwa iRiphabhulikhi yaseHungary (1919), uKodály wayeyisekela lomqondisi weSifundazwe Esiphakeme Sesikole Sobuciko Somculo esaqanjwa ngemuva. F. Liszt (yile indlela i-Academy of Music eyaqanjwa ngayo kabusha); kanye no-Bartók no-E. Dohnanyi, waba yilungu le-Musical Directory, eyayihlose ukuguqula impilo yomculo wezwe. Ngalo msebenzi ngaphansi kombuso kaHorthy, uKodály washushiswa futhi wamiswa iminyaka engu-2 esikoleni (waphinde wafundisa ukuqamba ngo-1921-40). Iminyaka yama-20-30s - usuku oluyingqophamlando lomsebenzi ka-Kodály, udala imisebenzi eyamlethela udumo emhlabeni wonke nokuqashelwa: "Ihubo lesiHungary" lekhwaya, i-orchestra kanye nomculi oyedwa (1923); i-opera Sekey Spinning Mill (1924, uhlelo lwesi-2 ngo-1932); i-heroic-comic opera Hari Janos (1926). "I-Te Deum Yenqaba YaseBuda" yabacula yedwa, ikhwaya, i-organ kanye ne-orchestra (1936); Ikhonsathi ye-orchestra (1939); "Imidanso evela ku-Marošsek" (1930) kanye "Nemidanso Evela Kuthalente" (1939) ye-orchestra, njll. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, u-Kodai waqhubeka nemisebenzi yakhe yocwaningo olusebenzayo emkhakheni wezinganekwane. Wathuthukisa indlela yakhe yokufundisa nokufundisa ngomculo omkhulu, isisekelo saso okwakuwukuqonda komculo wesintu kusukela esemncane, wawuthatha njengolimi lomdabu lomculo. Indlela ye-Kodály iye yaqashelwa kabanzi futhi yathuthukiswa hhayi eHungary kuphela, kodwa nakwamanye amazwe amaningi. Ungumbhali wezincwadi ezingama-200, izihloko, izinsiza zokufundisa, okuhlanganisa ne-monograph Hungarian Folk Music (1937, ehunyushelwe olimini lwesiRashiya). U-Kodály futhi wayengumongameli we-International Council for Folk Music (1963-67).

Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi u-Kodály ekhuthele. Phakathi kwemisebenzi yakhe yenkathi yangemva kwempi, i-opera ethi Zinka Panna (1948), iSymphony (1961), kanye ne-cantata Kallai Kettesh (1950) yazuza udumo. U-Kodály uphinde wadlala njengomqhubi edlala imisebenzi yakhe. Wavakashela amazwe amaningi, wavakashela e-USSR kabili (1947, 1963).

Echaza umsebenzi kaKodály, umngane wakhe nozakwabo uBela Bartok wabhala: “Lezi zincwadi ziwukuvuma umphefumulo waseHungary. Ngaphandle, lokhu kuchazwa iqiniso lokuthi umsebenzi kaKodály ugxile emculweni wesintu waseHungary kuphela. Isizathu sangaphakathi siwukholo lukaKodai olungenamkhawulo emandleni okudala abantu bakhe kanye nekusasa labo.

A. Malinkovsky