Uphondo: incazelo yamathuluzi, ukwakheka, izinhlobo, umlando, ukusetshenziswa

Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinsimbi zomculo, awekho amaRussia amaningi omdabu. Olunye lwazo uphondo lokhuni, oluye lwasuka kumngane othembekile wabelusi lwaya ekubeni yilungu eliphelele lamaqoqo esizwe nama-orchestra.

Luyini uphondo

Uphondo insimbi yomdabu yaseRussia eyenziwe ngokhuni (ezinsukwini zakudala, i-birch, i-maple, nokhuni lomjunipha lwalusetshenziswa njengento). Ingoweqembu lomoya. “Izihlobo” eziseduze kakhulu uphondo lokuzingela, icilongo likamalusi.

Ekuqaleni, yenze umsebenzi ongewona owomculo: yayisebenzela ukuheha ukunaka, ukunikeza isignali ezwakalayo uma kwenzeka ingozi. Kwahlukaniselwa abelusi, abalindi, amaqhawe. Ngemva kwesikhathi eside, yaqala ukusetshenziswa ukudlala imidanso nezingoma.

Ububanzi bophondo bucishe bulingane ne-octave. Ochwepheshe bayakwazi ukukhipha imisindo engu-7-8, izimfundamakhwela zifinyelela ku-5. Insimbi izwakala igqamile, ibhoboza.

Idivayisi yethuluzi

Into ibonakala ilula kakhulu: ishubhu lepulangwe eliyindilinga elinezimbobo ezincane eziyisithupha. Ngokunye ukuvala izimbobo, ingcweti ikhipha imisindo yobude obufunayo.

Ingxenye engenhla, ewumngcingo iphetha ngomlomo - isici esibhekene nokukhipha imisindo. Ingxenye engezansi ebanzi ibizwa ngokuthi insimbi. Insimbi inikeza ukudluliswa komsindo okuhle, inesibopho samaphimbo agqamile.

Ubude bethuluzi buhlukile (ngaphakathi kwama-30-80 cm).

Umlando wemvelaphi

Igama lomdali wophondo alaziwa, kanye nesikhathi sokubukeka. Umsebenzi wayo wasekuqaleni, obonisa abelusi, uphakamisa ukuthi izifunda zokuqala zokusabalalisa izinsimbi zophondo kwakuyizindawo ezihlala abalimi bezinkomo nabalimi (amazwe anamuhla asePoland, eCzech Republic naseFinland).

U-Horn waba ukuzijabulisa emakhulwini eminyaka ambalwa edlule. Umklamo omise okwe-cone wawusetshenziswa ngesikhathi semikhuba, imishado, imikhosi yabantu.

Idokhumentari yokuqala ekhuluma ngayo eRussia mayelana nensimbi isukela engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lesi-XNUMX. Kodwa kwasakazeka kulo lonke izwe ngaphambili kakhulu. Lobu bufakazi obubhaliwe buvele busho ukuthi ithuluzi lisabalele kuyo yonke indawo yesifunda saseRussia, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabantu abampofu.

Uphondo lukamalusi lwenziwa ngokwesimiso esifanayo nezimpondo zomalusi: isigamu somzimba sasihlanganiswe kanye ne-birch bark. Kwakukhona inguqulo yosuku olulodwa: umalusi wayenza ngamagxolo omzane. Ukukhipha amagxolo willow, uvalwe basonta it in a Kuvunguza, uthole ipayipi. Yayibizwa ngokuthi yi-disposable, njengoba yayizwakala kuze kube yilapho igxolo loma. Umqondo wethuluzi losuku olulodwa wawungowabalimi besifunda saseTula.

Uphondo lwethulwa emhlabeni njengethuluzi lokuqala laseRussia ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX. Lesi sikhathi siphawulwe ngokusungulwa kwe-Vladimir Horn Players Choir (eholwa ngu-NV Kondratiev). Ekuqaleni, i-ensemble yenziwa ngaphakathi kwesifundazwe sayo, yabe isimenywa ukuba izocula enhloko-dolobha.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX, i-Kondratiev Choir yanikeza amakhonsathi eYurophu. Umdlalo ngamunye ubuhambisana nempumelelo engakaze ibonwe. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho uphondo lwaseRussia lwaqina khona ekuhlanganisweni kwezinsimbi zomculo wesintu. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX, iculo lekwaya likaVladimir laqoshwa kumarekhodi egilamafoni.

izinhlobonhlobo

Ukuhlukaniswa kwenziwa ngokuya ngezici ezimbili eziyinhloko: ukusebenza, isifunda sokusabalalisa.

Ngokubulawa

Kunezinhlobo ezi-2:

• Hlanganisa. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezimbili zezimpondo, ezibhekene nomunye ngobukhulu nomsindo. Ubuncane besayizi (ubukhulu obungaphezu kuka-30 cm) bubizwa ngokuthi "squealer", esiphezulu (kusuka ku-70 cm ubukhulu) sibizwa ngokuthi "i-bass". esetshenziswa kuma-ensembles. Ngokuvumelana kuhlanganiswe upiyano, balalaika, izigubhu.
• Eyedwa. Inobukhulu obuphakathi, esifundeni esingu-50-60 cm, ibizwa ngokuthi "i-half-bass". Kufunwa abaculi ababodwa. Ibanga elihloniphekile lomsindo likuvumela ukuthi wenze iqoqo elibanzi lemisebenzi yomculo.

Ngesifunda

Izifunda lapho uphondo lwasakazeka khona zathuthukisa umklamo ngokuvumelana nenganekwane yazo. Namuhla, izinhlobo ezilandelayo zihlukaniswa:

• Kursk;
• I-Kostroma;
• Yaroslavl;
• Suzdal;
• Vladimirsky.

Ukuhluka kukaVladimir kwathola ukuthandwa okukhulu kakhulu - ngenxa yomsebenzi ochazwe ngenhla we-Vladimir Horn Players Choir. Kwakuwumsebenzi wokudala we-NV Kondratiev waletha inkazimulo ocingweni, ukuguqulwa kwawo kusuka ensimbini yabelusi ukuhlanganisa ukudlala.

Ukusebenzisa

Abelusi abakaze basebenzise izimpondo isikhathi eside. Indawo yaleli thuluzi namuhla in Russian Folk ensembles, orchestra. Abadlali abanele nababodwa, ukuphatha ngobuchule umklamo onzima wokusebenzisa.

Uhlelo lwamakhonsathi ama-folk ensembles, ahlanganisa abadlali bezimpondo, luhlanganisa nomculo ohluke kakhulu: i-lyrical, umdanso, isosha, i-comic, umshado.

Idlalwa kanjani uphondo

Kunzima ngokwanele ukudlala. Insimbi ingeyakudala, akulula ukukhipha umsindo oyifunayo kuyo. Kuzodinga ukuzijwayeza okujulile, ukuqeqeshwa kokuphefumula. Ngisho nokuthola umsindo omuhle obushelelezi ngeke kusebenze ngokushesha, kuzothatha izinyanga zokulungiselela.

Idizayini iguqulelwe kumisindo eqondile, ngaphandle kwama-trills, ichichima. Amanye ama-virtuosos ajwayele ukwenza i-tremolo, kodwa lokhu kudinga ubuchwepheshe obukhulu.

Ukuhlanzeka kwethoni, ukuphakama komsindo kuncike ngokuqondile emandleni okunikezwa komoya. Umsindo ushintshwa ngokushintshanisa izimbobo ezisemzimbeni.

Ubuchwepheshe be-Play bufana nomtshingo.