I-Kurai: incazelo yensimbi, ukwakheka, umlando, izinhlobo, ukukhiqiza, indlela yokudlala

I-Kurai yavela ezikhathini zasendulo, yasakazwa phakathi kweBashkir, inani labantu baseTatar boMhlaba. Ekuqaleni yayisetshenziselwa ukuhambisana nomculo wemishado, amaholide, namuhla iyingxenye yama-orchestra nama-ensembles.

Yini i-kurai

I-Kurai ihlukaniswa njengeqembu lezinsimbi zomculo eziphefumulayo. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, ifana nomtshingo. Kubukeka njengepayipi elide elinezindawo zomoya ezitholakala emzimbeni.

Amamodeli ahlukene ngosayizi: ubude busukela ku-120-1000 mm. Ezinye izinhlobo zifakwe ulimi olushayayo ngaphakathi, okukuvumela ukuthi uhlukanise imisindo oyikhiphayo.

Izinto zokuqala zaleli thuluzi kwakuyiziqu ezomisiwe zezitshalo zomndeni wakwa-Umbelliferae. Amamodeli anamuhla enziwe ngezisekelo ezihlukahlukene: insimbi, izinkuni.

Isikali, i-timbre, uhla lwe-diatonic lwe-kurai luncike ezintweni ezihlukahlukene: usayizi, izinto ezibonakalayo, izici zokuklama. Ngokwesilinganiso, insimbi inama-octave amathathu agcwele ku-arsenal yayo. Isikali siyinhlanganisela yezikali ezimbili ezinkulu ze-pentatonic.

I-Kurai izwakala ingajwayelekile: i-soulful, sublime, melancholy. Kunzima ukwenza ingoma emculweni onjalo, ngokuvamile ihambisana nokucula emphinjeni.

Idivayisi

Idivayisi ilula kakhulu - umzimba omude oqondile, ongenalutho ngaphakathi. Ngezinye izikhathi ulimi lutholakala ngaphakathi kwebhokisi. Izimbobo zitholakala ohlangothini olungaphandle: ngokucindezela eyodwa noma ngaphezulu, umculi ukhipha imisindo edingekayo ngokuya ngobude ne-timbre.

Ubude bethuluzi, inani lezimbobo emzimbeni zihlukile. Imodeli yakudala inamapharamitha alandelayo:

• ubude - 570-800 mm;
• ububanzi - 20 mm;
• inombolo yezimbobo - 5 (4 zihlobisa icala elingaphambili lecala, 1 - ngemuva);
• ububanzi bomgodi - 5-15 mm.

Umlando wemvelaphi

Imibhalo yokuqala ekhuluma nge-kurai isukela ekhulwini lesi-XNUMX-XNUMX. Kodwa umlando wayo mude kakhulu: akwaziwa ngokuqinisekile ukuthi ithuluzi lazalwa nini ngempela. AmaTatars, Bashkirs abelokhu eyidlala kusukela kudala.

Imishini yomculo efana nomtshingo yayisetshenziswa abantu ngisho nangaphambi kokufika kwenkathi yethu, yayisabalele, itholakala cishe kuwo wonke amasiko omhlaba. Ngokunokwenzeka, uKurai wafika kumaTatars, amaBashkirs avela komakhelwane base-Asia - amaMongol, amaKazakh.

Sekuyisikhathi eside kwakukhona ingxabano phakathi kweBashkortostan neTatarstan, abantu abangabiza ngokufanelekile i-Kurai "ithuluzi labo" lesizwe. Iqiniso laba ohlangothini lwe-Bashkiria: i-republic ikwazile ukugunyaza ithuluzi njengophawu lwendawo. Namuhla kubhekwa ngokusemthethweni njengensimbi kazwelonke yaseBashkir, nakuba i-Kurai yesiTatar ingavamile.

Imvelaphi ye-kurai, ngokusho kwenganekwane yaseBashkir, ihlotshaniswa nensizwa eyasinda ekufeni okunonya ngenxa yokusungulwa kwensimbi yomculo. Exoshwa yi-khan embi ehlathini elicinene, yena, engenalutho angayenza, wenza ipayipi kusukela esiqwini sesitshalo, nsuku zonke wayedlala kuso, kancane kancane eqhubekela phambili. Ngakho ngokuyisimangaliso, ngokushesha wazithola eseseduze nezindawo zakubo. Abantu besigodi bagijimela kumsindo womculo omnandi, bezwa indlela ukhan asebenzelana ngayo nezinsizwa, bagijimela esigodlweni, bachitha i-despot. Futhi u-Kurai waba umngane oqhubekayo weBashkirs, njengophawu lokukhululwa ekuhluphekeni.

Ekuqaleni, kwakudlalwa amadoda kuphela. AmaKuraists (abantu abadlala i-kurai) ngaphambi kokwenza umsebenzi, babehlale bekhuluma ukuthi kumayelana nani - uhlobo oluthile lwenganekwane, indaba, inganekwane. Laba bantu babehlonishwa kakhulu, njengoba babeyizimbongi, abaculi, abaqambi, ochwepheshe bezinganekwane bonke behlanganiswe ndawonye.

Amathuluzi amadala ayemanziswa ngamanzi ngaphambi kokusebenza. I-Play ibiphelezelwa ezimweni eziningi ukucula komphimbo.

Ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX, izazi nabaqoqi bezinganekwane baba nentshisekelo ensimbini yesiTatar (Bashkir). I-Kurai yacwaningwa ngokucophelela, yachazwa, yahlukaniswa.

Ngo-1998, i-Republican Kurai Union yasungulwa okokuqala e-Ufa, inhloso yayo ukuthuthukisa amasiko kazwelonke, ukulondoloza ifa elingokomoya, nokusekela abaculi abawaziyo indlela yokudlala i-kurai.

Izinhlobonhlobo ze-kurai

Ngaphezu kwezinhlobonhlobo zakudala, kunezinye izinguquko eziningi ze-kurai:

• Kopshe. Umtshingo welongitudinal ovulekile onezimbobo ezi-2. Zombili zitholakala ohlangothini olungaphambili: eyokuqala icishe ibe yiminwe eyisi-6 ukusuka onqenqemeni olungezansi, elandelayo iminwe emihlanu phezulu.
• I-Agach. Umtshingo wempempe wokhuni. Zenziwe ngezinhlobo ezichazwe ngokuqinile - i-maple, i-viburnum, i-walnut. Inani lemigodi lihlukile - 4-6. Ubude - 25-30 cm.
• Ithusi. Ithuluzi lokushaya ikhwela. Izinto zokukhiqiza - ithusi, isiliva, i-aluminium. Ububanzi bemodeli buyi-20-23 mm, ubude bomzimba buyi-26-26,5 cm. Inombolo yezimbobo ngu-7.
• Kazan. Umtshingo wekhwela longitudinal umumo wekhoni. Isisekelo sesivele siphezulu ngo-10-15 mm. Ubude obuphelele buyi-58-80 cm. Izimbobo zokudlala zikhona ngenani lezingcezu ezingu-2, 5,6,7.
• Nogayi. Umtshingo wempempe weLongitudinal onezimbobo ezimbili, ubude bomzimba 69 - 77,5 cm. Kubhekwa njengenhlobonhlobo yabesifazane ye-kurai.
• Kurai kusuka utshani. Ifakwe ngolimi, ingeyeqembu lama-aerophones. Isisekelo somzimba kwakuwutshani bezitshalo zokusanhlamvu. Inani lezimbobo linqanyulwe ngokubona komculi. Ulimi oluncane, olungaba ngu-2 cm ubude namamilimitha ambalwa ububanzi, lunqunywe engxenyeni evaliwe yotshani.

Kwenza kanjani

Ngokwawo wonke ama-canon, ithuluzi lesintu kufanele lenziwe ngeziqu zezitshalo zesambulela. Okulandelayo kuhle:

• ingelosi enkulu;
• i-strut;
• isitshalo esibizayo

Isitshalo esikhethiwe akufanele sibe namaphutha, sibe bushelelezi, ngisho nangaphakathi nangaphandle. Isikhathi esikahle sokuqoqa impahla ukuphela kukaJulayi - ekuqaleni kuka-August, ngemva kokuphela kokuqhakaza kwamakhambi.

Isifanekiso esikhethiwe sisikwa empandeni, somiswe kahle ekamelweni elivikelwe ekukhanyeni. Ukomisa ngaphandle kungenzeka. Ngokushesha nje lapho isiqu somile ngokuphelele, sinikezwa ubude obudingekayo, izimbobo zinqunywe ngenani elidingekayo.

Ikhonsathi i-kurai yenziwe ngeveneer esikiwe. Ubuchwepheshe bugunyazwe ngo-1976, okwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukukhiqiza amathuluzi ezinkampanini zezimboni. Inqubo ayidingi isikhathi esiningi, yenziwa kusetshenziswa izindlela zesimanje nobuchwepheshe.

Idlalwa kanjani kurai

Ukudlala i-kurai kudinga ukulawula kahle umoya. Imisindo yokuphakama oyifunayo ikhishwa ngokuvala (ukuvulwa) izimbobo ezitholakala eduze komzimba. Lapho inani lezimbobo likhulu, kucebile ububanzi bensimbi, iba banzi ikhono layo lokukhiqiza umsindo.

Umculi ubeka umzimba phakathi kwamazinyo, emboza kancane ngodebe olungaphezulu, futhi kancane evula umlomo ophansi, ngokuphambene nalokho. Isihloko solimi sincike emaphethelweni ensimbi. Ngesikhathi sokudlala izindebe azivaleki, ulimi alusuki onqenqemeni. Ungakwenza lokhu ngokuthola isipiliyoni, ukuqeqeshwa njalo.

Imiculo ye-kurai kazwelonke ihambisana nokucula emphinjeni.

Usebenzisa ithuluzi

I-Kurai iyingxenye ye-orchestra yezinsimbi zomculo wesintu, ibukeka kahle kuma-ensembles enza i-Bashkir, umculo wesiTatar. Ifanele ukucula izingoma ezinomculo, imidanso. Insimbi ngokuvamile i-solo - imisindo yayo emnandi ayidingi ukungezwa.