Ezinye izici ze-sonatas upiyano ka-Beethoven

U-Beethoven, umpetha omkhulu, umpetha wefomu le-sonata, kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe wayefuna izici ezintsha zalolu hlobo, izindlela ezintsha zokuhlanganisa imibono yakhe kulo.

Umqambi wahlala ethembekile kuma-canon classical kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe, kodwa ekufuneni kwakhe umsindo omusha wayevame ukweqa imingcele yesitayela, ezithola esemkhawulweni wokuthola i-romanticism entsha, kodwa engaziwa. Ubuhlakani bukaBeethoven kwakuwukuthi wathatha i-sonata yakudala wayiyisa esicongweni sokuphelela futhi wavula iwindi ezweni elisha lokuqamba.

Izibonelo ezingajwayelekile zokuhumusha kukaBeethoven umjikelezo we-sonata

Eminyanisa ngaphakathi kohlaka lwefomu le-sonata, umqambi waqhubeka ezama ukuqhela ekubunjweni kwendabuko kanye nesakhiwo somjikelezo we-sonata.

Lokhu kungabonakala kakade ku-Sonata Yesibili, lapho esikhundleni se-minuet wethula i-scherzo, azokwenza izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa. Usebenzisa kakhulu izinhlobo ezingajwayelekile kuma-sonatas:

• imashi: ku-sonatas No. 10, 12 no-28;
• ama-instrumental recitatives: ku-Sonata No. 17;
• i-arioso: e-Sonata №31.

Uhumusha umjikelezo we-sonata ngokwawo ngokukhululekile. Ukuphatha ngokukhululekile amasiko okushintshanisa ukunyakaza okuhamba kancane nokushesha, uqala ngomculo ohamba kancane i-Sonata No. 13, "Moonlight Sonata" No. 14. E-Sonata No. 21, okuthiwa "i-Aurora" (ezinye ze-Beethoven sonatas zinezihloko), umnyakazo wokugcina wandulelwa uhlobo lwesingeniso noma isingeniso esisebenza njengomnyakazo wesibili. Sibona ukuba khona kohlobo oluthile lokuguquguquka kancane ekunyakazeni kokuqala kwe-Sonata No. 17.

U-Beethoven naye akazange aneliseke ngenombolo yendabuko yezingxenye kumjikelezo we-sonata. I-sonatas yakhe enguNombolo 19, 20, 22, 24, 27, kanye no-32 iyinhlangano emibili; ama-sonata angaphezu kweshumi anesakhiwo sokunyakaza okune.

I-Sonatas No. 13 kanye ne-No. 14 ayinayo i-sonata allegro eyodwa kanjalo.

Izinguquko ku-sonatas upiyano ka-Beethoven

Umqambi u-L. Beethoven

Indawo ebalulekile kubuciko be-sonata ka-Beethoven ihlala izingxenye ezihunyushwa ngendlela yokuhlukahluka. Ngokuvamile, indlela yokushintshashintsha, ukuhlukahluka kanjalo, yayisetshenziswa kabanzi emsebenzini wakhe. Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, yathola inkululeko eyengeziwe futhi yahluka ezinhlobonhlobo zakudala.

Ukunyakaza kokuqala kwe-Sonata No. 12 kuyisibonelo esihle kakhulu sokuhlukahluka ekubunjweni kwefomu le-sonata. Kuwo wonke ama-laconicism, lo mculo uveza imizwelo eminingi nezifundazwe. Alukho olunye uhlobo ngaphandle kokwehluka obelungaveza isimo sokwelusa nokucabangela lesi siqeshana esihle kangaka ngomusa nangobuqotho.

Umbhali ngokwakhe wabiza isimo sale ngxenye ngokuthi “inhlonipho ecatshangwayo.” Le micabango yomphefumulo ophuphayo obanjwe ethangeni lemvelo i-autobiographical ngokujulile. Umzamo wokuphunyuka emicabangweni ebuhlungu futhi uzicwilise ekucabangeni kwendawo ezungezile enhle njalo ugcina ngokubuya kwemicabango emnyama nakakhulu. Akuyona ize ukuthi lezi zinguquko zilandelwe imashi yomngcwabo. Ukuguquguquka kuleli cala kusetshenziswe kahle njengendlela yokubuka umzabalazo wangaphakathi.

Ingxenye yesibili ye-“Appassionata” nayo igcwele “ukuzindla ngaphakathi kwakho” okunjalo. Akukona nje ukuqondana ukuthi okunye ukuhlukahluka kuzwakala kurejista ephansi, kungena emicabangweni emnyama, bese kukhuphukela kurejista ephezulu, ezwakalisa imfudumalo yethemba. Ukuhlukahluka komculo kudlulisa ukungazinzi kwemizwa yeqhawe.

Iziphetho ze-sonatas No. 30 kanye No. 32 nazo zabhalwa ngendlela yokuhlukahluka. Umculo walezi zingxenye ugcwele izinkumbulo eziphuphile; ayisebenzi, kodwa iyacabangela. Izindikimba zabo zinomphefumulo ngokugcizelela futhi zihlonipha; azinawo umzwelo ojulile, kodwa zinomculo onesigqi esinamandla, njengezinkumbulo zeminyaka edlule. Ukwehluka ngakunye kuguqula isithombe sephupho elidlulayo. Enhliziyweni yeqhawe kukhona ithemba, khona-ke isifiso sokulwa, ukunikeza indlela yokuphelelwa ithemba, bese kuphinda kubuyelwe isithombe sephupho.

Ama-Fugues ku-sonatas ka-Beethoven sekwephuzile

U-Beethoven uthuthukisa ukuhlukahluka kwakhe ngomgomo omusha wendlela yokuqamba yamapholyphonic. U-Beethoven waphefumulelwa ukubunjwa kwe-polyphonic kangangokuthi wayethula kakhulu. I-Polyphony isebenza njengengxenye ebalulekile yokuthuthukiswa kwe-Sonata No. 28, isiphetho se-Sonatas No. 29 kanye ne-31.

Eminyakeni yakamuva yomsebenzi wakhe wokudala, u-Beethoven waveza umqondo wefilosofi omaphakathi osebenza kuyo yonke imisebenzi yakhe: ukuxhumana nokuxhumana kokuqhathanisa komunye nomunye. Umqondo wokungqubuzana phakathi kokuhle nokubi, ukukhanya nobumnyama, owawubonakala ngokucacile nangobudlova phakathi neminyaka ephakathi, uguqulwa ekupheleni komsebenzi wakhe emcabangweni ojulile wokuthi ukunqoba ezivivinyweni akuveli empini yobuqhawe, kodwa ngokucabanga kabusha nangamandla omoya.

Ngakho-ke, kuma-sonatas akhe akamuva ufika ku-fugue njengomqhele wokuthuthukiswa okumangalisayo. Wagcina ebonile ukuthi angase abe wumphumela womculo oshisa izikhotha nobuhlungu kangangokuthi ngisho nempilo yayingakwazi ukuqhubeka. I-Fugue ukuphela kwendlela engenzeka. Yile ndlela uG. Neuhaus akhulume ngayo mayelana ne-fugue yokugcina ye-Sonata No.

Ngemva kokuhlupheka nokushaqeka, lapho ithemba lokugcina lishabalala, akukho imizwa noma imizwa, kuphela ikhono lokucabanga elisalayo. Isizathu esibandayo, esiphuphile esifakwe ku-polyphony. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunxusa inkolo nobunye noNkulunkulu.

Kungaba okungafaneleki ngokuphelele ukuqeda umculo onjalo nge-rondo ejabulisayo noma ukuhlukahluka okuzolile. Lokhu kungaba umehluko osobala nawo wonke umqondo wayo.

I-fugue yesiphetho se-Sonata No. 30 yayiyiphupho eliphelele kumculi. Yinkulu, inezindikimba ezimbili futhi iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ngokudala le fugue, umqambi wazama ukuhlanganisa umqondo wokunqoba kwesizathu phezu kwemizwelo. Ayikho ngempela imizwelo eqinile kuwo, ukuthuthukiswa komculo kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kucabangela.

I-Sonata No. 31 nayo iphetha ngesiphetho se-polyphonic. Kodwa-ke, lapha, ngemva kwesiqephu se-polyphonic fugue kuphela, isakhiwo se-homophonic sokuthungwa siyabuya, okuphakamisa ukuthi izimiso ezingokomzwelo nezinengqondo ekuphileni kwethu ziyalingana.