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Chicago Symphony Orchestra

IChicago Symphony Orchestra yaziwa njengenye yama-orchestra ahamba phambili esikhathi sethu. Imisebenzi ye-CSO idingeka kakhulu hhayi kuphela ezweni lakubo, kodwa nasezinhloko-dolobha zomculo zomhlaba. NgoSepthemba 2010, umqhubi wodumo wase-Italy uRiccardo Muti waba umqondisi womculo weshumi we-CSO. Umbono wakhe ngendima ye-orchestra: ukuxhumana okujulile nezilaleli zaseChicago, ukusekela isizukulwane esisha sabaculi, nokusebenzisana nabaculi abaphambili konke kuyizimpawu zenkathi entsha yeqembu. Umqambi nombhidisi ongumFulentshi uPierre Boulez, ubuhlobo bakhe besikhathi eside ne-CSO baba nesandla ekuqokweni kwakhe njengoMqhubi Oyisivakashi Oyinhloko ngo-1995, waqanjwa ngokuthi I-Honorary Conductor ye-Helen Rubinstein Foundation ngo-2006.

Ngokubambisana nabaqhubi abadumile emhlabeni wonke namaciko ayisivakashi, i-CSO yenza amakhonsathi angaphezu kuka-150 ngonyaka e-Chicago Center, e-Symphony Center, kanye nehlobo ngalinye ku-Ravinia Festival e-Chicago's North Shore. Ngekharikhulamu yayo ezinikele, “Isikhungo Sokufunda, Ukufinyelela, Nokuqeqesha,” i-CSO iheha izakhamuzi zendawo ezingaphezu kuka-200.000 endaweni yaseChicago unyaka ngamunye. Imizamo emithathu eyimpumelelo yemithombo yezindaba yethulwa ngo-2007: I-CSO-Resound (ilebula le-orchestra yokukhishwa kwama-CD nokulandwa kwedijithali), ukusakazwa kuzwelonke ngokusakazwa okusha kwamasonto onke kokukhiqiza kwabo, kanye nokwandiswa kokuba khona kwe-CSO ku-inthanethi - ukulandwa mahhala kwe-orchestra. amavidiyo kanye nezethulo ezintsha.

NgoJanuwari 2010, u-Yo-Yo Ma waba ngumxhumanisi wokuqala we-Judson & Joyce Green Foundation, oqokwe uRiccardo Muti iminyaka emithathu. Kule ndima, unguzakwethu obalulekile ku-Maestro Muti, abaphathi be-CSO nabaculi, futhi ngobuciko bakhe obungenakuqhathaniswa nekhono eliyingqayizivele lokuxhumana nabanye, u-Yo-Yo Ma, kanye noMuti, usephenduke ugqozi lwangempela kubabukeli baseChicago. , ekhulumela amandla omculo aguqulayo. U-Yo-Yo Ma uzobamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwezinhlelo ezintsha, amaphrojekthi kanye nochungechunge lomculo ngaphansi kwesikhungo se-Institute for Learning, Access, and Training.

Abaqambi ababili abasha baqale ukusebenzisana kweminyaka emibili neqembu le-orchestra ekwindla ka-2010. UMason Bates no-Anna Kline baqokwe nguRiccardo Muti ukuthi baphathe i-MusicNOW Concert Series. Ngokusebenzisana namaciko akweminye imikhakha nezikhungo, u-Bates no-Kline balwela ukunqamula imigoqo evamile yomphakathi wase-Chicago ngokuletha imibono emisha ekubambisaneni nokudala okuhlangenwe nakho okuyingqayizivele komculo. Ngokungeziwe ochungechungeni lwe-MusicNOW, umqambi ngamunye abhale kulo ucezu olusha (oluqala kuqala entwasahlobo ka-2011), i-CSO yenza imisebenzi ka-Kline no-Bates kumakhonsathi okubhaliselwe esizini ka-2010/11.

Kusukela ngo-1916, ukuqoshwa komsindo kuye kwaba ingxenye ebalulekile yemisebenzi ye-orchestra. Okukhishwe kulebula ye-CSO-Resound kufaka i-Verdi's Requiem eqondiswe ngu-Riccardo Muti futhi ehambisana ne-Chicago Symphony Choir, i-Rich Strauss's A Hero's Life ne-Webern's In the Summer Wind, i-Bruckner's Seventh Symphony, i-Fourth Symphony ka-Shostakovich, i-Symphony's yesine, i-Third, i-Mahnies's i-Mahnies – bonke ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukaBernard Haitink, uGloria kaPoulenc (ohambisana nesoprano uJessica Rivera), uDaphnis kaRavel kanye noChloe neChicago Symphony Choir ngaphansi kukaB. Haitink, Stravinsky's Pulcinella, Four Etudes kanye neSymphony ekuhambeni okuthathu uPierre Boulez, “Amasiko Nezinguquko” : Imisindo ye-Silk Road yase-Chicago, ehlanganisa i-Silk Road Ensemble, i-Yo-Yo Ma ne-Wu Man; futhi, ukuze ulande kuphela, ukurekhodwa kwe-Fifth Symphony ka-Shostakovich okwenziwa nguMoon Wun Chung.

I-CSO ithole Imiklomelo engama-Grammy engama-62 evela ku-National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. Ukurekhodwa kwe-Fourth Symphony ka-Shostakovich no-Haitink, okuhlanganisa isethulo se-DVD ethi “Beyond the Score”, kuwine i-Grammy yango-2008 “ye-Best Orchestral Performance”. Ngawo lowo nyaka, Amasiko Nezinguquko: Imisindo Yomgwaqo Kasilika iwine i-Grammy ye-Best Classical Album Mixing. Muva nje, ngo-2011, ukuqoshwa kwe-Verdi's Requiem noRiccardo Muti kwaklonyeliswa ngama-Grammys amabili: "I-albhamu Engcono Kakhulu Yakudala" kanye "Ne-Best Choral Performance".

I-CSO ibikhiqiza ukusakazwa kwayo kwamasonto onke kusukela ngo-Ephreli 2007, okusakazwa kunethiwekhi yomsakazo kazwelonke ye-WFMT, kanye naku-inthanethi kuwebhusayithi ye-orchestra - www.cso.org. Lokhu kusakazwa kunikeza indlela entsha, ehlukile yohlelo lwerediyo yomculo wakudala - okuqukethwe okujabulisayo nokuhehayo okuklanyelwe ukuhlinzeka ngemininingwane ejulile futhi kunikeze ukuxhumana okwengeziwe emculweni odlalwa enkathini yekhonsathi ye-orchestra.

Umlando weChicago Symphony waqala ngo-1891 lapho u-Theodore Thomas, umbhidisi ohamba phambili waseMelika futhi wavuma “iphayona” emculweni, emenywa ngusomabhizinisi waseChicago uCharles Norman Fey ukuthi asungule i-orchestra ye-symphony lapha. Umgomo kaThomas – ukwakha i-orchestra ehlala unomphela enamandla okwenza kahle kakhulu – wawusufeziwe kakade kumakhonsathi okuqala ngo-Okthoba walowo nyaka. UThomas wasebenza njengomqondisi womculo kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe ngo-1905. Washona emasontweni amathathu ngemva kokunikela ngehholo, ikhaya laphakade le-Chicago Orchestra, emphakathini.

Umlandeli kaThomas, uFrederick Stock, owaqala umsebenzi wakhe wokuba i-viola ngo-1895, waba umsizi wombhidisi eminyakeni emine kamuva. Ukuhlala kwakhe ephethe i-orchestra kwathatha iminyaka engu-37, kusukela ngo-1905 kuya ku-1942 - isikhathi eside kunabo bonke abaholi abayishumi beqembu. Iminyaka eguquguqukayo nephayona ye-Stock ngo-1919 yenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukusungulwa kwe-Civic Orchestra yaseChicago, i-orchestra yokuqala yokuqeqesha e-United States eyayixhumene ne-symphony enkulu. I-Stock iphinde yasebenza ngenkuthalo nentsha, ihlela amakhonsathi okubhaliselwe okuqala ezingane futhi iqala uchungechunge lwamakhonsathi adumile.

Abaqhubi abathathu abavelele bahola i-orchestra phakathi neminyaka eyishumi eyalandela: u-Désiré Defoe kusukela ngo-1943 kuya ku-1947, u-Artur Rodzinsky wathatha izintambo ngo-1947/48, kwathi uRafael Kubelik wahola i-orchestra amasizini amathathu kusukela ngo-1950 kuya ku-1953.

Iminyaka eyishumi eyalandela kwakungekaFritz Reiner, okuqoshiwe kwakhe neChicago Symphony Orchestra kusabhekwa njengokujwayelekile. KwakunguReiner, ngo-1957, wamema uMargaret Hillis ukuba ahlele iChicago Symphony Choir. Izinkathi ezinhlanu zonyaka - kusukela ngo-1963 kuya ku-1968 - uJean Martinon ubambe isikhundla somqondisi womculo.

USir Georg Solti ungumqondisi womculo wesishiyagalombili we-orchestra (1969-1991). Wayephethe isicoco sokuba Umqondisi Womculo Wokuhlonishwa futhi wasebenza ne-orchestra amasonto ambalwa isizini ngayinye kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe ngoSepthemba 1997. Ukufika kukaSolti eChicago kwaphawula ukuqala kokubambisana komculo okuyimpumelelo kakhulu esikhathini sethu. Uhambo lokuqala lwangaphandle lwe-CSO lwenzeka ngo-1971 ngaphansi kobuholi bakhe, futhi izinkambo ezalandela eYurophu, kanye nohambo oluya eJapane nase-Australia, lwaqinisa idumela le-orchestra njengelinye lamaqembu omculo ahamba phambili emhlabeni.

UDaniel Barenboim waqokwa njengomqondisi womculo ngoSepthemba 1991, isikhundla asibambe kwaze kwaba nguJuni 2006. Ukuqondiswa kwakhe kwezomculo kwaphawulwa ngokuvulwa kweChicago New Music Center ngo-1997, imidlalo ye-opera ehholo le-orchestra, imidlalo eminingi emihle ne-orchestra indima ephindwe kabili yomdlali wopiyano kanye nombhidisi, izinkambo zamazwe ngamazwe ezingu-21 zenzeka ngaphansi kobuholi bakhe (kuhlanganise nohambo lokuqala lokuya eNingizimu Melika) kanye nochungechunge lwamakhonsathi omqambi lwababhalisile.

UPierre Boulez, manje osengumbhidisi ohlonishwayo, ungomunye wabaculi abathathu kuphela abaphethe isicoco sokuba UPrincipal Guest Conductor we-orchestra. UCarlo Maria Giulini, owaqala ukwenza njalo eChicago ngasekupheleni kwawo-1950, waqokwa njengoPrincipal Guest Conductor ngo-1969, lapho ahlala khona kwaze kwaba ngu-1972. UClaudio Abbado wakhonza kusukela ngo-1982 kuya ku-1985. Kusukela ngo-2006 kuya ku-2010, umqhubi ovelele waseHaiti uBernhard Haitink umqhubi omkhulu, wethula iphrojekthi ye-CSO-Resound nokubamba iqhaza ohambweni lwamazwe ngamazwe olunqobayo.

I-Chicago Symphony Orchestra sekuyisikhathi eside ihlotshaniswa ne-Ravinia e-Highland Park, e-Illinois, njengoba iqale ukudlala lapho ngoNovemba 1905. I-orchestra yasiza ekuvuleni isizini yokuqala ye-Ravinia Festival ngo-August 1936 futhi iye yacula lapho ngokuqhubekayo njalo ehlobo kusukela ngaleso sikhathi.

Abaqondisi bomculo nabaqondisi abakhulu:

Theodore Thomas (1891-1905) Frederic Stock (1905-1942) Desiree Dafoe (1943-1947) Artur Rodzynski (1947-1948) Rafael Kubelik (1950-1953) Fritz Reiner (1953-1963-1963) 1968 Martin Iron (1968) Hoffman (1969-1969) Georg Solti (1991-1991) Daniel Barenboim (2006-2006) Bernard Haitink (2010-2010) Riccardo Muti (kusukela ngo-XNUMX)