I-Orchestra yasenkantolo |

Iqembu le-orchestra yaseRussia. Idalwe ngo-1882 e-St. Petersburg njenge-Court Musical Choir ukuze ikhonze inkantolo yombuso (ngesisekelo "somculo wamakhwaya" aqediwe we-Cavalry Guards kanye ne-Life Guards Cavalry Regiments). Eqinisweni, yayihlanganisa ama-orchestra amabili - i-symphony ne-orchestra yomoya. Abaculi abaningi be-Court Orchestra babedlala kokubili ku-symphony kanye nebhendi yethusi (ngezinsimbi ezihlukahlukene). Ngokulandela isibonelo sama-orchestra ezempi, abaculi be-"choir" babalwa njengezisebenzi zezempi, okwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukuheha abadlali abanekhono ababuthelwe ebuthweni (okuthandwayo kunikezwa labo abakwaziyo ukudlala izinsimbi ezimbili - intambo nomoya) .

M. Frank waba umqondisi webhendi wokuqala “wekhwaya”; ngo-1888 wathathelwa indawo GI Varlikh; kusukela ngo-1882, ingxenye ye-symphonic yayiphethe i-bandmaster G. Fliege, ngemva kokufa kwakhe (ngo-1907) u-Warlich wahlala u-bandmaster. I-orchestra yayidlala ezigodlweni emabholeni asenkantolo, kuma-reception, ngesikhathi samaholide obukhosi kanye namaholide. Imisebenzi yakhe yayihlanganisa nokuhlanganyela emakhonsathini kanye nokusebenza enkantolo yaseGatchina, Tsarskoye Selo, Peterhof naseHermitage Theatre.

Imvelo evaliwe yemisebenzi ye-orchestra yabonakala ezingeni lobuciko lomdlalo, okuholele ekuculweni kokuqukethwe okuphansi, okuyingxenye ikakhulukazi yesevisi (amamashi, izidumbu, amaculo). Abaholi be-orchestra bafuna ukwedlula ukukhonza imibuthano yasenkantolo, ukuthola izindlela zokufinyelela izethameli eziningi. Lokhu kwagqugquzelwa amakhonsathi avulekile esiteji sasehlobo sase-Peterhof Garden, ukuqeqeshelwa izingubo zomphakathi, kanye namakhonsathi kamuva emahholo e-Court Singing Chapel kanye ne-Nobility Assembly.

Ngo-1896, “ikwaya” yaqala ukusebenza futhi yashintshwa yaba i-Orchestra yaseNkantolo, futhi amalungu ayo athola amalungelo abadwebi bemidlalo yaseshashalazini yasebukhosini. Kusukela ngo-1898, i-Court Orchestra yayivunyelwe ukunikeza amakhonsathi omphakathi akhokhelwayo. Nokho, kwaze kwaba ngo-1902 lapho umculo we-symphonic waseNtshonalanga Yurophu nowaseRussia waqala ukufakwa ezinhlelweni zamakhonsathi ze-Court Orchestra. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ekuqaleni kukaVarlich, "Imihlangano Yomculo Wezingoma Zomculo" yaqala ukwenziwa ngokuhlelekile, izinhlelo zazo ngokuvamile ezihlanganisa imisebenzi eyenziwa eRussia okokuqala.

Kusukela ngo-1912, i-Court Orchestra ibilokhu ithuthukisa imisebenzi eminingi (amakhonsathi e-orchestra athola udumo), ephethe imijikelezo yamakhonsathi omlando omculo waseRussia nowangaphandle (ohambisana nezinkulumo ezidumile), amakhonsathi akhethekile anikezelwe inkumbulo ka-AK Lyadov, SI Taneyev, AN Scriabin. Amanye amakhonsathi e-Court Orchestra ayeqhutshwa abadlali abakhulu abavela kwamanye amazwe (R. Strauss, A. Nikish, nabanye). Phakathi nale minyaka, i-Court Orchestra yazuza impumelelo ethile ekuthuthukiseni imisebenzi yomculo waseRussia.

I-Court Orchestra yayinomtapo wolwazi womculo kanye nomnyuziyamu womlando womculo. Ngo-March 1917 i-Court Orchestra yaba i-State Symphony Orchestra. Bheka Iqoqo Elihlonishwayo LaseRussia Academic Symphony Orchestra of the St. Petersburg Philharmonic.

I-IM Yampolsky