I-bass ephindwe kabili: incazelo yensimbi, ukwakheka, umlando, umsindo, ukusetshenziswa

I-double bass iyinsimbi yomculo yomndeni wezintambo, iminsalo, ihlukaniswa ngomsindo wayo ophansi nobukhulu obukhulu. Inamathuba acebile omculo: ilungele ukudlala yedwa, ithatha indawo ebalulekile ku-orchestra ye-symphony.

Idivayisi ye-bass ephindwe kabili

Ubukhulu be-double bass bufinyelela kumamitha angu-2 ukuphakama, ithuluzi liqukethe izingxenye ezilandelayo:

• Uhlaka. Izinkuni, ezihlanganisa amadekhi angu-2, ziboshwe ezinhlangothini ngegobolondo, ubude obuphakathi kwamasentimitha angu-110-120. Ukuma okujwayelekile kwecala yi-ovals engu-2 (phezulu, ephansi), phakathi kwabo kukhona isikhala esincane esibizwa ngokuthi okhalweni, ebusweni kukhona izimbobo ezimbili ze-resonator ngendlela yama-curls. Ezinye izinketho zingenzeka: umzimba omise okwepheya, iziginci nokunye.
• Intamo. Ixhunywe emzimbeni, izintambo zeluliwe eduze kwawo.
• Isibambi sentambo. Itholakala ngezansi kwecala.
• Isitendi sentambo. Itholakala phakathi kwe-tailpiece nentamo, cishe phakathi nomzimba.
• Izintambo. Amamodeli we-orchestra afakwe izintambo ezingu-4 eziwugqinsi ezenziwe ngensimbi noma izinto zokwenziwa ezinesibopho sokusonteka ngethusi. Akuvamile ukuthi kube namamodeli anezintambo ezi-3 noma ezi-5.
• Inqe. Ukuphela kwentamo kuthweswe ikhanda elinezikhonkwane zokulungisa.
• Spire. Idizayinelwe amamodeli anosayizi omkhulu: ikuvumela ukuthi ulungise ukuphakama, ulungise ukwakheka ekukhuleni komculi.
• Khothama. Isengezo esibalulekile ku-contrabass. Ngenxa yezintambo ezinzima, ezinzima, ukudlala ngeminwe yakho kungenzeka, kodwa kunzima. Ama-bassists anamuhla angakhetha ezinhlotsheni ezi-2 zeminsalo: isiFulentshi, isiJalimane. Eyokuqala inobude obuningi, idlula umphikisi ngokuhamba, ukukhanya. Eyesibili inzima, ifushane, kodwa kulula ukuyiphatha.

Isici esiyisibopho siyikhava noma ikesi: ukuthutha imodeli engaba nesisindo esingafika ku-10 kg kuyinkinga, isembozo sisiza ukuvimbela ukulimala kwecala.

Izwakala kanjani i-double bass?

Ibanga le-double bass cishe lingama-octaves angu-4. Empeleni, inani lincane kakhulu: imisindo ephezulu itholakala kuphela kubadlali be-virtuoso.

Insimbi ikhiqiza imisindo ephansi, kodwa emnandi ezindlebeni, ene-timbre enhle, enemibala ngokukhethekile. Amathoni e-bass aqinile, athambile ahambisana kahle ne-bassoon, tuba, namanye amaqembu ezinsimbi ze-orchestra.

Isakhiwo se-double bass singaba kanje:

• i-orchestral - izintambo zishunwa okwesine;
• Uyedwana - ukushuna kwezintambo kuya phezulu.

Izinhlobo zamabhesi amabili

Izinsimbi ziyahlukahluka ngosayizi. Amamodeli ewonke azwakala kakhulu, amancane azwakala ebuthakathaka, ngaphandle kwalokho izici zamamodeli ziyefana. Kuze kube ngama-90s wekhulu leminyaka elidlule, amabhesi aphindwe kabili osayizi abancishisiwe ayenziwanga. Namuhla ungathenga amasampula ngamasayizi ukusuka ku-1/16 ukuya ku-3/4.

Amamodeli amancane enzelwe abafundi, abafundi bezikole zomculo, abaculi abadlala ngaphandle kwe-orchestra. Ukukhethwa kwemodeli kuncike ekuphakameni nobukhulu bomuntu: esakhiweni esihlaba umxhwele, kuphela umculi wesakhiwo esikhulu ongadlala umculo ngokugcwele.

Izinsimbi zomculo ezincishisiwe zibukeka zifana nabazalwane be-orchestra ephelele, zihluka kuphela ngombala we-timbre nomsindo.

Umlando webhesi ephindwe kabili

Umlando ubiza i-double bass viola, eyasabalala kulo lonke elaseYurophu ngesikhathi seRenaissance, eyandulela i-double bass. Lesi sisetshenziswa esinezintambo ezinhlanu sathathwa njengesisekelo yinkosi yemvelaphi yase-Italy uMichele Todini: wasusa intambo engezansi (ephansi kunazo zonke) kanye nama-frets ebhodini leminwe, eshiya umzimba ungashintshi. I-novelty izwakala ngendlela ehlukile, ithole igama elizimele - i-double bass. Unyaka osemthethweni wokudala ngu-1566 - ukukhulunywa kokuqala okubhaliwe kwethuluzi kubuyela emuva.

Ukuthuthukiswa nokuthuthukiswa kwensimbi kwakungekho ngaphandle kwabenzi be-violin be-Amati, abahlola isimo somzimba kanye nobukhulu besakhiwo. EJalimane, kwakukhona amancane kakhulu, "ama-beer bas" - ayewadlala ngamaholide asemaphandleni, ezindaweni zokuphuza.

Ikhulu le-XVIII: i-bass ephindwe kabili ku-orchestra iba umhlanganyeli oqhubekayo. Omunye umcimbi walesi sikhathi ukuvela kwabaculi abadlala izinsimbi zabodwa ku-double bass (Dragonetti, Bottesini).

Ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX, kwenziwa umzamo wokwenza imodeli ekhiqiza imisindo ephansi kakhulu. I-octobass engamamitha amane yaklanywa umFulentshi u-Zh-B. Vuillaume. Ngenxa yesisindo esimangalisayo, ubukhulu obukhulu kakhulu, ukuqanjwa kabusha akuzange kusetshenziswe kabanzi.

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, i-repertoire, amathuba ensimbi anda. Yaqala ukusetshenziswa ngabaculi be-jazz, i-rock and roll, nezinye izitayela zomculo zesimanje. Kuyafaneleka ukuqaphela ukubonakala kuma-20s wekhulu leminyaka elidlule lamabhasi kagesi: alula, aphathekayo, akhululekile.

Dlala indlela

Ibhekiselwa ezinhlotsheni zomculo ezinezintambo, i-double bass iphakamisa izindlela ezi-2 zokukhipha imisindo:

• ukukhothama;
• iminwe.

Ngesikhathi sokudlala, umculi oyedwa uyama, ilungu le-orchestra lihlezi eduze kwakhe esitulweni. Izindlela ezitholakala kubaculi ziyefana nalezo ezisetshenziswa abadlali bevayolini. Izici zokuklama, isisindo esibucayi somnsalo kanye nensimbi ngokwayo yenza kube nzima ukudlala iziqephu nezikali. Indlela esetshenziswa kakhulu ibizwa nge-pizzicato.

Ukuthinta okutholakalayo komculo:

• imininingwane - ukukhipha amanothi amaningana alandelanayo ngokuhambisa umnsalo, ngokushintsha isiqondiso sawo;
• i-staccato - ukunyakaza komnsalo phezulu naphansi;
• i-tremolo - ukuphindaphinda okuphindaphindiwe komsindo owodwa;
• i-legato - inguquko ebushelelezi ukusuka kumsindo ukuya komsindo.

Ukusebenzisa

Okokuqala, leli thuluzi liyi-orchestra. Iqhaza lakhe ukukhulisa imigqa ye-bass edalwe yi-cellos, ukwakha isisekelo sesigqi sokudlalwa kwezinye izintambo "ozakwethu".

Namuhla, i-orchestra ingaba namabhesi afika kwangu-8 (ukuqhathanisa, ayeneliswa eyodwa).

Umsuka wezinhlobo ezintsha zomculo wenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukusebenzisa insimbi ku-jazz, izwe, iblues, bluegrass, rock. Namuhla ingase ibizwe ngokuthi ibalulekile: isetshenziswa ngenkuthalo abadlali be-pop, abaculi bezinhlobo ezingezona ezijwayelekile, ezingavamile, ama-orchestra amaningi (kusuka kwezempi kuya kweyasekamelweni).