I-Mandolin: ulwazi olujwayelekile, ukwakheka, izinhlobo, ukusetshenziswa, umlando, indlela yokudlala

I-mandolin ingesinye sezinsimbi zomculo ezinezintambo zaseYurophu ezidume kakhulu, ezihlala zidumile ekhulwini lesi-XNUMX.

Iyini i-mandolin

Uhlobo – insimbi yomculo enezintambo. Kungokwesigaba sama-chordophones. Ngowomndeni we-lute. Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo insimbi yi-Italy. Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezwe, kodwa ezisabalele kakhulu amamodeli e-Neapolitan ne-Lombard.

Idivayisi yethuluzi

Umzimba usebenza njenge-resonator futhi unamathele entanyeni. Umzimba ozwakalayo ungase ubukeke njengesitsha noma ibhokisi. Amamodeli endabuko ase-Italy anomzimba omise okwepheya. Cishe phakathi necala, imbobo yomsindo iyasikwa. Inani lama-frets entanyeni ngu-18.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izintambo zixhunywe esikhonkwaneni sokulungisa phezulu entanyeni. Izintambo zelulelwe phezu kobude bonke bentamo kanye nembobo yomsindo, zilungiswa phezu kwesihlalo. Inombolo yezintambo ngu-8-12. Intambo ngokuvamile yenziwe ngensimbi. Ukushuna okuvamile yi-G3-D4-A4-E5.

Ngenxa yezici zokuklama, izikhala phakathi kokubola kwemisindo ekhalayo zifushane kunezinye izinsimbi zomculo ezinezintambo. Lokhu kuvumela abaculi ukuthi basebenzise ngempumelelo indlela ye-tremolo - ukuphindaphinda okusheshayo kwenothi elilodwa.

Izinhlobo zama-mandolin

Okuthandwa kakhulu yizinhlobo ezilandelayo zama-mandolin:

• I-Neapolitan. Inombolo yezintambo ngu-8. Ishunwa njengevayolini ngazwi linye. Isetshenziswa emculweni wezemfundo.
• Milanskaya. Ihluka enanini elikhuphukile lezintambo ezifika ku-10. Izintambo ezimbili.
• Picolo. Umehluko usayizi oncishisiwe. Ibanga ukusuka ku-nati ukuya ebhulohweni lingama-24 cm.
• I-Octave mandolin. Isistimu ekhethekile iyenza izwakale njenge-octave ngaphansi kwe-Neapolitan. Ukuphakama 50-58 cm.
• Mandocello. Ukubukeka nosayizi kufana nesiginci sakudala. Ubude - 63-68 cm.
• Luta. Inguqulo eguquliwe ye-Mandocello. Ihlanganisa amapheya amahlanu ezintambo.
• Mandobas. Insimbi ihlanganisa izici ze-mandolin kanye ne-double bass. Ubude - 110 cm. Inani lamayunithi ezinhlamvu 4-8.

Ngokulandela isibonelo sesiginci sikagesi, i-mandolin kagesi nayo yadalwa. Ibonakala ngomzimba ongenawo imbobo yomsindo kanye ne-pickup efakiwe. Amanye amamodeli anentambo eyengeziwe. Izinguqulo ezinjalo zibizwa ngokuthi ama-mandolin kagesi anwetshiwe.

Umlando

Emhumeni waseTrois-Freres, imidwebo yamadwala iye yalondolozwa. Izithombe zihlehlela emuva cishe ku-13 BC. Babonisa umnsalo womculo, insimbi yokuqala eyaziwayo enezintambo. Kusukela kumnsalo womculo kwavela ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwezintambo. Ngokukhula kwenani lezintambo kwavela amahabhu namahabhu. Iyunithi yezinhlamvu ngayinye yaba nesibopho samanothi ngamanye. Khona-ke abaculi bafunda ukudlala ama-dyad nama-chords.

Ilute yavela eMesopotamiya ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX BC. Amalutha asendulo ayenziwa ngezinguqulo ezimbili - ezimfushane nezinde.

Umnsalo womculo wasendulo kanye nelute yizihlobo ezikude ze-mandolin. Leli qiniso libangela ukuba ilute ihlukaniswe ngomklamo ongachazeki kangako. Izwe lapho kuvela khona i-mandolin yi-Italy. Okwandulela ukuvela kwayo kwaba ukusungulwa kwelute ye-soprano.

I-mandolin yaqala ukubonakala e-Italy njenge-mandala. Isikhathi esilinganiselwe sokubukeka - ikhulu le-XIV. Ekuqaleni, insimbi yayibhekwa njengemodeli entsha ye-lute. Ngenxa yezinguquko ezengeziwe zokuklama, umehluko ngelute waba mkhulu. I-mandala yathola intamo enwetshiwe nesikali esikhulisiwe. Ubude besikali buyi-42 cm.

Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ithuluzi lathola ukwakheka kwalo kwesimanje ekhulwini lesi-XNUMX. Abaqambi umndeni wakwaVinacia wabaculi baseNeapolitan. Isibonelo esidume kakhulu sakhiwe ngu-Antonio Vinacia ekupheleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX. Owokuqala ugcinwe eMnyuziyamu wase-UK. Insimbi efanayo nayo yadalwa nguGiuseppe Vinacia.

Okusunguliwe komndeni wakwaVinaccia kubizwa ngokuthi i-Neapolitan mandolin. Umehluko kumamodeli amadala - ukuklama okuthuthukisiwe. Imodeli ye-Neapolitan ithola ukuthandwa okukhulu ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX. Iqala ukukhiqizwa kwe-serial ngobuningi eYurophu. Befisa ukuthuthukisa insimbi, ongcweti bomculo abavela emazweni ahlukene bathathwa bayohlolwa ngesakhiwo. Ngenxa yalokho, amaFulentshi adala insimbi enokushuba okuphambene, futhi embusweni waseRussia asungula okuhlukile okunedekhi ephindwe kabili ephezulu ethuthukisa umsindo.

Ngokuthuthuka komculo odumile, ukuthandwa kwemodeli ye-Neapolitan yakudala kuncipha. Ngama-30s, imodeli enemizimba eyisicaba yasakazeka phakathi kwabadlali be-jazz nabeCeltic.

Ukusebenzisa

I-mandolin iyinsimbi eguquguqukayo. Ngokuya ngohlobo nomqambi, ingadlala indima eyedwa, ehambisanayo nehlanganisayo. Ekuqaleni yayisetshenziswa emculweni wesintu nowezemfundo. Izingoma eziqanjwe abantu zithole impilo yesibili ngokufika komculo wesintu odumile.

Iqembu le-rock laseBrithani u-Led Zeppelin wasebenzisa i-mandolin ngenkathi eqopha ingoma yango-1971 ethi “The Battle of Evermore” ye-albhamu yabo yesine. Ingxenye yomculo yayidlalwa ngumshayi wesigingci uJimmy Page. Ngokusho kwakhe, waqala wathatha i-mandolin futhi ngokushesha waqamba i-riff eyinhloko yengoma.

Iqembu le-rock laseMelika i-REM liqophe ingoma yalo ephumelele kakhulu ethi "Ukulahlekelwa Inkolo Yami" ngo-1991. Ingoma iphawuleka ngokusetshenziswa kwayo okuphambili kwe-mandolin. Ingxenye idlalwe ngumshayi wesigingci uPeter Buck. Ukuqamba kuthathe indawo yesi-4 ku-Billboard ephezulu futhi bathola imiklomelo eminingi ye-Grammy.

Iqembu lamaSoviet nelaseRussia elithi “Aria” nalo lasebenzisa i-mandolin kwezinye zezingoma zalo. U-Ritchie Blackmore we-Blackmore's Night usebenzisa ithuluzi njalo.

Idlalwa kanjani i-mandolin

Ngaphambi kokuba afunde ukudlala i-mandolin, umculi osafufusa kufanele anqume uhlobo oluthandwayo. Umculo wakudala udlalwa ngamamodeli esitayela se-Neapolitan, kanti ezinye izinhlobo zizokwenzela umculo odumile.

Kuyisiko ukudlala i-mandolin nomlamuleli. Ukukhetha kuyahlukahluka ngobukhulu, ukujiya kanye nempahla. Uma ipiki ishubile, umsindo uzocebe kakhulu. Ububi ukuthi i-Play inzima koqalayo. Ukukhetha okuwugqinsi kudinga umzamo owengeziwe ukuze kubambe.

Uma udlala, umzimba ubekwa emadolweni. Intamo ikhuphuka nge-engeli. Isandla sobunxele sinesibopho sokubamba ama-chords ku-fretboard. Isandla sokudla sithatha amanothi ezintambo nge-plectrum. Amasu okudlala athuthukile angafundwa nothisha womculo.