Ikhalenda lomculo - Septhemba

Ezweni lomculo, inyanga yokuqala yekwindla iwuhlobo loshintsho olusuka ekuphumuleni luye ekuqaliseni kabusha umsebenzi wekhonsathi, ukulindela ama-premiere amasha. Umoya wehlobo usazwakala, kodwa abaculi sebevele bahlela izinto zesizini entsha.

USepthemba waphawulwa ngokuzalwa kwabaculi abaningi abanesiphiwo ngasikhathi sinye. Laba ngabaqambi u-D. Shostakovich, A. Dvorak, J. Frescobaldi, M. Oginsky, umqhubi u-Yevgeny Svetlanov, i-violinist uDavid Oistrakh.

Abadali bemiculo ethokozisayo

3 Septhemba 1803 iminyaka eMoscow, endlini yomqambi wesonto, kwazalwa umculi we-serf Alexander Gurilev. Ungene emlandweni womculo njengombhali wezingoma zothando ezijabulisayo. Umfana wabonisa ithalenta lakhe kusenesikhathi. Kusukela eneminyaka engu-6, wafunda upiyano ngaphansi kokuqondisa kuka-I. Genishta no-D. Field, wadlala i-viola ne-violin ku-orchestra ka-Count Orlov, futhi kamuva waba yilungu le-quartet ye-Prince Golitsyn.

Ngemva kokuthola i-freestyle, u-Gurilev waqala ukuhlanganyela ekhonsathini nokuqamba imisebenzi. Izothando zakhe ngokushesha zathola ukuthandwa phakathi kwabantu basemadolobheni, futhi abaningi "baya kubantu." Phakathi kwabathandekayo kakhulu, umuntu angabiza ngokuthi "Kokubili Okuyisidina Nokudabukisayo", "Ijuba Lomama", "I-Swallow Curls", njll.

8 Septhemba 1841 iminyaka i-2nd Czech classic ngemuva kokuthi uSmetana eze emhlabeni Antonin Dvorak. Njengoba ezalwa emndenini kabhusha, wenza umzamo omkhulu wokuba umculi, okuphambene nesiko lomndeni. Ngemva kokuphothula eSikoleni Se-Organ ePrague, umqambi wakwazi ukuthola umsebenzi womculo womculo we-violist e-Czech National Orchestra, kamuva waba ngumdlali we-ogani eSontweni LasePrague likaSt. Adalbert. Lesi sikhundla samvumela ukuba abambe imisebenzi yokuqamba. Phakathi kwemisebenzi yakhe, edume kakhulu yayiyi-"Slavic Dances", i-opera "Jacobin", i-symphony yesi-9 ethi "From the New World".

13 Septhemba 1583 iminyaka edolobheni laseFerrara, elibhekwa ekhulwini lesi-XNUMX njengenye yezikhungo zamasiko omculo, kwazalwa inkosi evelele yenkathi yeBaroque, umsunguli wesikole sezitho zase-Italy. Girolamo Frescobaldi. Wasebenza njengomculi we-harpsichord kanye nomshayi wezinsimbi emasontweni ahlukahlukene, ezinkantolo zezicukuthwane. Udumo lukaFrescobaldi lwalethwa ama-canzones angu-1603 ashicilelwe ku-3 kanye ne-First Book of Madrigals. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umqambi wathatha isikhundla esiphakeme kakhulu njengomculi we-St. Peter's Cathedral eRoma, lapho akhonza khona kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe. Izingcweti ezinjengo-IS Bach no-D. Buxtehude.

25 Septhemba 1765 iminyaka edolobheni Guzow eduze Warsaw kwazalwa UMikhail Kleofas Oginsky, kamuva owagcina engeyena nje umqambi odumile, kodwa futhi waba umuntu ovelele kwezombusazwe. Ukuphila kwakhe kwakuzungezwe i-aura yothando nemfihlakalo, ngisho nangesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe kwakukhona izinganekwane ngaye, wezwa izikhathi eziningana mayelana nokufa kwakhe okusolwayo.

Umqambi wazalelwa emndenini oseqophelweni eliphezulu. Umalume wakhe, i-hetman enkulu yaseLithuania uMikhail Kazimierz Ogiński, wayengumculi oshisekayo, eqamba ama-opera nezinsimbi. U-Oginsky wathola amakhono akhe okuqala ekudlaleni upiyano kumculi wenkantolo womndeni wakwa-Osip Kozlovsky, wabe esethuthukisa amakhono akhe e-Italy. Ematasa emisebenzini yezombangazwe, umqambi wajoyina ukuvukela kukaKosciuszko ngo-1794, futhi ngemva kokunqotshwa kwakhe kwaphoqeleka ukuba ashiye izwe lakubo. Phakathi kwemisebenzi yakhe esekhona kuze kube yilolu suku, ipolonaise ethi "Farewell to the Motherland" ithandwa kakhulu.

M. Oginsky - Polonaise "Farewell to the Motherland"

25 Septhemba 1906 iminyaka umqambi-symphonist ovelele, owakudala wekhulu lesi-XNUMX weza emhlabeni Dmitry Shostakovich. Uzimemezele ezinhlotsheni eziningi, kodwa wakhetha i-symphony. Ukuphila ngesikhathi esinzima eRussia nase-USSR, akazange nje adunyiswe yiziphathimandla nabagxeki, kodwa walahlwa izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa. Kodwa emsebenzini wakhe, wayehlala ethembekile ezimisweni zakhe, ngakho-ke wagxila ku-symphony njengohlobo olukhululekile lokuveza imicabango.

Wakha ama-symphony angu-15. Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu kwakuyi-symphony yesi-7 ethi "Leningrad", eyabonisa isifiso sabo bonke abantu baseSoviet ukunqoba ubuFascism. Omunye umsebenzi lapho umqambi ehlanganisa izingxabano ezinzima kakhulu esikhathini sethu kwaba opera Katerina Izmailova.

I-Maestro yemisindo

6 Septhemba 1928 iminyaka umqhubi omkhulu wesikhathi sethu wazalelwa eMoscow Evgeny Svetlanov. Ngokungeziwe ekuqhubeni, waziwa njengomuntu osesidlangalaleni, i-theorist, umdlali wopiyano, umbhali wezindatshana eziningi, izindatshana, nezindatshana. Isikhathi esiningi sokuphila kwakhe wasebenza njengomqhubi oyinhloko kanye nenhloko ye-USSR State Symphony Orchestra.

U-Svetlanov wayenekhono elikhethekile elamvumela ukuba enze amafomu esikhumbuzo abalulekile, kuyilapho ngesikhathi esifanayo epholisha imininingwane ngokucophelela. Isisekelo sesitayela sakhe sokudala siwumsindo omkhulu we-orchestra. Umqhubi wayengumsakazi osebenzayo womculo waseRussia nowaseSoviet. Eminyakeni edlule, uklonyeliswe inqwaba yezindondo nezindondo zokuhlonishwa. Impumelelo enkulu ye-maestro kwaba ukudalwa kwe-"Anthology of Russian Symphonic Music"

13 Septhemba 1908 iminyaka umdlali wevayolini wazalelwa e-Odessa UDavid Oistrakh. Izazi zomculo zihlobanisa ukuchuma kwesikole sevayolini sasekhaya negama lakhe. Ukudlala kwakhe kwakuphawulwa ngokukhanya okungavamile kwesu, ukuhlanzeka okuphelele kwephimbo kanye nokudalulwa okujulile kwezithombe. Nakuba i-repertoire ka-Oistrakh yayihlanganisa imisebenzi yevayolini edumile eyenziwe ngabafundi bamazwe angaphandle, wayengumsakazi ongakhathali wezingcweti zaseSoviet zohlobo lwevayolini. Waba umculi wokuqala we-violin ngu-A. Khachaturian, N. Rakov, N. Myaskovsky.

Imicimbi eshiye uphawu emlandweni womculo

Ngomehluko weminyaka engu-6, imicimbi emi-2 yenzeka ngoSepthemba eyaguqula imfundo yomculo eRussia yabheka phansi. Ngo-September 20, 1862, ngokuhlanganyela ngokuqondile kuka-Anton Rubinstein, kwavulwa indawo enkulu yokugcina izingane yaseRussia eSt. U-NA wasebenza lapho isikhathi eside. Rimsky-Korsakov. Futhi ngo-September 13, 1866, i-Moscow Conservatory yavulwa ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukaNikolai Rubinstein, lapho PI Chaikovsky.

Ngo-September 30, 1791, i-opera yokugcina ye-Mozart enkulu, The Magic Flute, yethulwa ezilalelini e-An der Wien Theatre eVienna. I-orchestra yayiqondiswa yi-maestro ngokwakhe. Nakuba lungekho ulwazi oluqondile mayelana nempumelelo yemikhiqizo yokuqala, kuyaziwa ukuthi umculo wathandana nezilaleli, izingoma ze-opera zazizwakala njalo emigwaqweni nasezindlini zaseVienna.

DD Shostakovich - Romance kusukela ifilimu "I-Gadfly"

Umbhali - uVictoria Denisova