Luigi Cherubini |

Luigi Cherubini

Ngo-1818, uL. Beethoven, ephendula umbuzo wokuthi ubani manje osengumqambi omkhulu kunabo bonke (ngaphandle kukaBeethoven ngokwakhe), wathi: “Ikherubini.” "Umuntu ovelele" wabiza umpetha wase-Italy u-G. Verdi. Imisebenzi kaCherubiniev yathandwa nguR. Schumann noR. Wagner. I-Brahms yayikhanga kakhulu emculweni weCherubini, ebizwa ngokuthi i-opera "Medea" "umsebenzi omuhle", owathathwa ngokungavamile. Wanikezwa isikweletu nguF. Liszt noG. Berlioz - abaculi abakhulu, kodwa-ke, babengenabo ubuhlobo obuhle kakhulu noKherubini: UCherubini (njengomqondisi) akazange avumele owokuqala (njengomfokazi) ukuba afunde eParis. I-Conservatory, nakuba amukela okwesibili izindonga zayo, kodwa engathandi kakhulu.

UCherubini wathola imfundo yakhe yokuqala yomculo ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukayise, u-Bartolomeo Cherubini, kanye no-B. no-A. Felici, P. Bizzari, J. Castrucci. U-Cherubini waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe e-Bologna no-G. Sarti, umqambi odumile, uthisha, nombhali wemisebenzi yomculo neyethiyori. Ekuxhumaneni nomculi omkhulu, umqambi osemusha uqonda ubuciko obuyinkimbinkimbi bokuphikisa (i-polyphonic polyphonic writing). Kancane kancane futhi ekwazi kahle, ujoyina umkhuba ophilayo: uyazi kahle izinhlobo zesonto ze-mass, i-litany, i-motet, kanye nezinhlobo zezwe ezihlonishwa kakhulu ze-opera-seria ye-aristocratic kanye ne-opera-buffa esetshenziswa kakhulu izigaba ze-opera yedolobha kanye nesiteji. Ama-oda avela emadolobheni ase-Italy (Livorno, Florence, Rome, Venice. Mantua, Turin), evela eLondon - lapha uCherubini usebenza njengomqambi wenkantolo ngo-1784-86. Ithalente lomculi lathola ukuqashelwa kabanzi kweYurophu eParis, lapho uCherubini ahlala khona ngo-1788.

Impilo yakhe yonke kanye nendlela yakhe yokudala ixhumene neFrance. UCherubini ungumuntu ovelele kuNguquko YaseFrance, ukuzalwa kweParis Conservatory (1795) kuhlotshaniswa negama lakhe. Umculi wanikela amandla amaningi nethalenta ekuhleleni nasekuthuthukisweni kwayo: okokuqala njengomhloli, wabe eseba uprofesa, futhi ekugcineni njengomqondisi (1821-41). Phakathi kwabafundi bakhe kukhona abaqambi abakhulu be-opera uF. Ober noF. Halevi. I-Cherubini ishiye imisebenzi eminingana yesayensi neyendlela yokusebenza; lokhu kube nomthelela ekwakhiweni nasekuqinisweni kwegunya le-conservatory, elagcina seliyisibonelo sokuqeqeshwa kochwepheshe kuma-conservatories amancane eYurophu.

I-Cherubini yashiya ifa elicebile lomculo. Akazange nje akhokhe intela cishe kuzo zonke izinhlobo zomculo zanamuhla, kodwa futhi wanikela ngenkuthalo ekwakhiweni kwezintsha.

Ngawo-1790 kanye nalabo ayephila nabo - F. Gossec, E. Megul, I. Pleyel, J. Lesueur, A. Jaden, A. Burton, B. Sarret - umqambi udala amaculo nezingoma, amamashi, adlalele izindwendwe ezinesizotha, imikhosi, imikhosi yokulila Ama-Revolutions (“Iculo LeRiphabhulikhi”, “Ihubo Lobuzalwane”, “Iculo Leqembu Lomculo”, njll.).

Nokho, impumelelo eyinhloko yokudala yomqambi, eyanquma indawo yomculi emlandweni wesiko lomculo, ixhunywe nendlu ye-opera. Ama-opera ama-Cherubini ngawo-1790 kanye namashumi eminyaka okuqala ekhulu lesi-XNUMX. fingqa izici ezihlaba umxhwele kakhulu zochungechunge lwe-opera yase-Italy, inhlekelele ye-lyrical yesiFulentshi (uhlobo lokudlalwa komculo omuhle wasenkantolo), i-French comic opera kanye nedrama yakamuva yomculo womgqugquzeli we-opera yaseshashalazini u-KV Gluck. Bamemezela ukuzalwa kohlobo olusha lwe-opera: i-“Opera of Salvation” – umdlalo ogcwele izenzo oqhakambisa ukulwa nodlame nokucindezela kwenkululeko nobulungiswa.

Kwakungama-opera kaCherubini asiza u-Beethoven ekukhetheni isihloko esiyinhloko nesakhiwo se-opera yakhe ewukuphela kwayo nedumile ethi Fidelio, ekufanekisweni kwayo komculo. Siyazibona izici zabo ku-opera ka-G. Spontini ethi The Vestal Virgin, ephawule ukuqala kwenkathi ye-opera enkulu yothando.

Ibizwa ngani le misebenzi? ULodoiska (1791), u-Eliza (1794), Izinsuku Ezimbili (noma Umthwali Wamanzi, 1800). Abadumile namuhla iMedea (1797), Faniska (1806), Abenseraghi (1813), abalingisi bayo nemifanekiso yomculo isikhumbuza ama-opera amaningi, izingoma nemisebenzi yezinsimbi ka-KM Weber, F. Schubert, F. Mendelssohn.

Umculo wamaCherubini wawukhona ngekhulu lama-30. amandla amakhulu akhangayo, njengoba kuboniswa isithakazelo esijulile kuwo abaculi baseRussia: M. Glinka, A. Serov, A. Rubinstein, V. Odoevsky. Umbhali wama-opera angaphezu kwe-6, ama-quartets angama-77, ama-symphonies, ezothando ezi-2, izidingo eziyi-11 (oyedwa wabo - ku-C minor - wenziwa emngcwabeni kaBeethoven, owabona kulo msebenzi ukuphela kwesibonelo esingaba yisibonelo), izixuku eziyi-XNUMX, ama-motets, ama-antiphons neminye imisebenzi, iCherubini ayikhohlwa ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX. Umculo wakhe wenziwa ezigabeni ezinhle kakhulu ze-opera, eziqoshwe kumarekhodi egilamafoni.

S. Rytsarev