Kurt Weil |

Kurt uyaphila

Wazalwa ngo-March 2, 1900 e-Dessau (eJalimane). Wafunda eBerlin Higher School of Music no-Humperdinck, futhi ngo-1921-1924. wayengumfundi waseFerruccio Busoni. U-Weill wabhala izingoma zakhe zakuqala ngesitayela se-neoclassical. Lezi kwakuyizicucu ze-orchestra ("Kvodlibet", ikhonsathi ye-violin nezinsimbi zomoya). Ukuqala kokubambisana nababhali bemidlalo baseJalimane “kwesokunxele” (H. Kaiser, B. Brecht) kwaba nesinqumo ku-Weill: waba ngumqambi weshashalazi okhethekile. Ngo-1926, i-opera ka-Weill esekelwe emdlalweni ka-G. Kaiser othi “The Protagonist” yadlalwa eDresden. Ngo-1927, emkhosini womculo omusha we-chamber e-Baden-Baden, i-premiere evusa amadlingozi yomdwebo womculo othi "Mahogany" embhalweni kaBrecht yenzeka, ngonyaka olandelayo i-opera yesenzo esisodwa esihlekisayo esithi "The Tsar is photographed" (H. Kaiser ) yadlalwa eLeipzig futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo yaduma kulo lonke elaseYurophu elidumile elithi "Threepenny Opera" enkundleni yemidlalo yaseBerlin "Na Schifbauerdam", eyaqoshwa ngokushesha ("Threepenny Film"). Ngaphambi kokusuka kwakhe ngenkani eJalimane ngo-1933, u-Weill wakwazi ukubhala nokwenza isiteji se-opera ethi The Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny (inguqulo enwetshiwe yomdwebo), Isiqinisekiso (umbhalo kaCaspar Neuer) kanye neSilver Lake (H. Kaiser ).

E-Paris, u-Weill waqambela inkampani kaGeorge Balanchine i-ballet ngokucula kwe-"The Seven Deadly Sins" ngokombhalo kaBrecht. Kusukela ngo-1935, u-Weill wayehlala e-USA futhi wasebenzela amathiyetha e-Broadway eNew York ohlotsheni lomculo oluthandwayo lwaseMelika. Izimo ezishintshile zaphoqa u-Weill ukuthi athambise kancane kancane ithoni enolaka yemisebenzi yakhe. Izingcezu zakhe zaba ngumbukiso ngokwemibandela yokuhlobisa kwangaphandle, kodwa okuqukethwe kuncane kakhulu. Khonamanjalo, ezinkundleni zemidlalo yeshashalazi zaseNew York, eduze kwemidlalo emisha ka-Weill, i-Threepenny Opera yadlalwa izikhathi ezingamakhulu ngempumelelo.

Omunye wemidlalo yaseMelika edume kakhulu ka-Weill ithi “Isigameko EsiseMgwaqweni” - “i-folk opera” esekelwe emdlalweni ka-E. Rice kusukela empilweni yabantu abampofu baseNew York; I-Threepenny Opera, eyenza ishashalazi yomculo yaseJalimane ye-tribune ye-20s yomzabalazo wezepolitiki, yazuza ukuhlanganiswa kwesici somculo "somgwaqo" we-plebeian nezindlela zobuchwepheshe eziyinkimbinkimbi zobuciko bomculo besimanje. Umdlalo wethulwe ngendlela engathi “i-opera yesinxibi”, umdlalo weshashalazi wakudala wamaNgisi we-opera ye-baroque yezicukuthwane. U-Weill usebenzise “i-opera yesinxibi” ngenhloso yokwenza isitayela esiyi-parodic (emculweni wale ndima, akuyona i-Handel “ehlupheka” njengezingoma, “izindawo ezijwayelekile” ze-opera yothando yekhulu lesi-XNUMX). Umculo ukhona lapha njengezinombolo zokufaka - ama-zong, anobulula, ukusulelana kanye nobungqabavu bamahithi e-pop. Ngokusho kukaBrecht, ithonya lakhe ku-Weill ngaleyo minyaka alizange lihlukaniswe, ukuze enze idrama yomculo entsha, yesimanje, umqambi kufanele alahle konke ubandlululo lwendlu ye-opera. UBrecht ubethanda umculo we-pop “olula”; ngaphezu kwalokho, wayehlose ukuxazulula ukungqubuzana kwakudala phakathi kwezwi nomculo ku-opera, ekugcineni abahlukanise komunye nomunye. Akukho ngokuthuthukiswa okungaguquki komcabango womculo emdlalweni we-Weill-Brecht. Amafomu mafushane futhi mafushane. Isakhiwo sayo yonke ivumela ukufaka izinombolo zezinsimbi nezezwi, i-ballet, izigcawu zamakhwaya.

Ukuphakama Nokuwa Kwedolobha LaseMahagonny, ngokungafani ne-The Threepenny Opera, kufana ne-opera yangempela. Lapha umculo udlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu.