Willem Mengelberg (Mengelberg, Willem) |

Mengelberg, Willem

Umqhubi wamaDashi waseJalimane. UWillem Mengelberg angabizwa ngokuthi umsunguli wesikole samaDashi sokuqhuba, kanye nokusebenza kwe-orchestra. Iminyaka engu-1895, igama lakhe lalihlotshaniswa eduze ne-Concertgebouw Orchestra yase-Amsterdam, iqembu elaliphethwe nguye kusukela ngo-1945 kuya ku-1888. NguMengelberg owaphendula leli qoqo (elasungulwa ngo-XNUMX) laba elinye lama-orchestra angcono kakhulu emhlabeni.

UMengelberg weza eqenjini le-orchestra le-Concertgebouw, kakade enolwazi oluthile njengomqhubi. Ngemva kokuphothula e-Cologne Conservatory kupiyano nokucula, waqala umsebenzi wakhe wokuba umqondisi womculo eLucerne (1891 - 1894). Phakathi neminyaka ayichitha elapho, wadonsela ukunakekela kuye ngokwenza ama- oratorio ambalwa amancane, angavamile ukufakwa esimisweni ngisho nabaqhubi abahlonishwayo. Isibindi nethalente lomqhubi osemusha wavuzwa: wathola isipho esihloniphekile sokuthatha isikhundla senhloko ye-orchestra ye-Concertgebouw. Wayeneminyaka engamashumi amabili nane kuphela ngaleso sikhathi.

Kusukela ezinyathelweni zokuqala, ithalente lomdwebi laqala ukuchuma. Impumelelo ye-orchestra unyaka nonyaka yaba namandla futhi yaqina. Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-Mengelberg waqala ukwenza izinkambo ezizimele, ububanzi bawo obuba banzi futhi ngokushesha bahlanganisa cishe umhlaba wonke. Kakade ngo-1905, wenza okokuqala eMelika, lapho kamuva - kusukela ngo-1921 kuya ku-1930 - wavakashela minyaka yonke ngempumelelo enkulu, enza ne-National Philharmonic Orchestra eNew York izinyanga ezimbalwa zilandelana. Ngo-1910, wabonakala okokuqala eLa Scala, engena esikhundleni sika-Arturo Toscanini. Ngayo leyo minyaka, wacula eRome, eBerlin, eVienna, eSt. London.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuze kube sekufeni kwakhe, uMengelberg wayebhekwa ngokufanelekile njengomunye wabaqhubi abahamba phambili besikhathi sakhe. Impumelelo ephakeme kakhulu yomculi yayihlotshaniswa nokuchazwa kwemisebenzi yabaqambi bekhulu le-XIX - ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XX: uTchaikovsky, uBrahms, uRichard Strauss, owanikezela kuye "Ukuphila Kweqhawe" kuye, ikakhulukazi uMahler. Ukuqoshwa okuningi okwenziwe nguMengelberg emuva kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu kusigcinele ubuciko balo mqhubi. Ngakho konke ukungapheleli kwabo kwezobuchwepheshe, banikeza umbono wokuthi yimaphi amandla amakhulu ahlaba umxhwele, isimo sengqondo esingenakugwenywa, isikali nokujula ukusebenza kwakhe okuphawulwe ngaso njalo. Ubunjalo bukaMengelberg, kukho konke ukuvela kwabo, babungenayo imingcele yobuzwe - umculo wezizwe ezahlukene wadluliselwa kubo ngeqiniso elingavamile, ukuqonda kweqiniso kwesimilo nomoya. Umuntu angaqiniseka ngalokhu ngokujwayelana, ikakhulukazi, ngochungechunge lwamarekhodi asanda kukhishwa ngu-Philips ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi "Ukuqoshwa Komlando we-V. Mengelberg". Kuhlanganisa ukurekhodwa kwawo wonke ama-symphonies ka-Beethoven, i-First Symphony kanye ne-German Requiem ka-Brahms, ama-symphonies amabili okugcina kanye nomculo we-Schubert's Rosamund, ama-symphonies amane ka-Mozart, i-symphony kaFranck kanye no-Don Giovanni ka-Strauss. Lokhu okurekhodiwe kufakazela futhi ukuthi izici ezinhle kakhulu i-Concertgebouw Orchestra edume ngazo manje - ukugcwala nokufudumala komsindo, amandla ezinsimbi ezishaywa umoya kanye nokuvezwa kwezintambo - nazo zathuthukiswa ngesikhathi sikaMengelberg.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek