I-Guqin: incazelo yensimbi, ukuthi isebenza kanjani, umsindo, indlela yokudlala

I-Qixianqin iyinsimbi yomculo yaseShayina. Waziwa ngamasu akhe okudlala athuthukile nomlando omude. Elinye igama elithi guqin. Izinsimbi zomhlaba ezihlobene: i-kayagym, i-yatyg, i-gusli, ihabhu.

Yini i-guqin

Uhlobo lwensimbi - i-string chordophone. Umndeni une-zither. I-guqin ibidlalwa kusukela kudala. Selokhu yasungulwa, ihlonishwa kakhulu osopolitiki nezifundiswa njengethuluzi lobuchule nobunkimbinkimbi. AmaShayina abiza i-guqin ngokuthi “uyise womculo waseShayina” nangokuthi “insimbi yezihlakaniphi”.

I-Qixianqin iyinsimbi ethule. Ububanzi bukhawulelwe kuma-octave amane. Izintambo ezivuliwe zishunwe kurejista ye-bass. Imisindo ephansi engu-2 octave ngaphansi maphakathi C. Imisindo ikhiqizwa ngokuhluthula izintambo ezivulekile, izintambo zokumisa kanye ne-harmonica.

Isebenza kanjani i-guqin

Ukwenza i-guqin kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi, njengokwenza ezinye izinsimbi zomculo. I-Qixianqin igqamile ngokufanekisela kwayo ekukhetheni izinto zokwakha.

Idivayisi eyinhloko ikhamera yomsindo. Ubukhulu - 120 cm. Ububanzi - 20 cm. Ikamelo lakhiwe ngamapulangwe amabili okhuni, ahlanganiswe ndawonye. Ipulangwe elilodwa linesikwe ngaphakathi, elenza ikamelo elingenalutho. Izimbobo zomsindo zisikwa ngemuva kwekesi. Izintambo zisekelwa umqhele kanye nebhuloho. Isikhungo esiphezulu sisebenza njengentamo. Intamo incike e-engeli.

Ithuluzi linemilenze ngezansi. Inhloso akukona ukuvimba izimbobo zomsindo. Ngaphansi kwesingezansi kunomshini wokushuna. Izintambo ngokwesiko zenziwe ngosilika. Zikhona ezanamuhla ezinembobo yensimbi.

Ngokwesiko, i-guqin ekuqaleni yayinezintambo ezi-5. Intambo ngayinye yayimelela isici semvelo: insimbi, ukhuni, amanzi, umlilo, umhlaba. Enkathini yoBukhosi bukaZhou, uWen-wang wengeza intambo yesithupha njengophawu lokudabuka ngendodana yakhe efile. Indlalifa uWu Wang yengeze okwesikhombisa ukugqugquzela amasosha eMpini yaseShang.

Kunezinhlobo ezi-2 ezidumile zekhulu lama-XXI. Owokuqala yizihlobo. Ubude - 1 m. Isetshenziswa ezenzweni zodwa. Eyesibili inobude - 2 m. Inombolo yezintambo - 13. Isetshenziswa ku-orchestra.

Izikali ezidumile: C, D, F, G, A, c, d no-G, A, c, d, e, g, a. Uma udlala i-duet, insimbi yesibili ayifaki i-guqin.

Umlando wethuluzi

Inganekwane yaseShayina eye yadluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane ithi amathuluzi amaningi aseChina avela eminyakeni engu-5000 edlule. Abalingisi benganekwane u-Fu Xi, u-Shen Nong kanye ne-Yellow Emperor badale i-guqin. Le nguqulo manje isithathwa njengenganekwane eqanjiwe.

Ngokusho kwabacwaningi, umlando wangempela we-qixianqin uneminyaka engaba ngu-3000 ubudala, ngephutha lekhulu leminyaka. Isazi somculo u-Yang Yinglu sihlukanisa umlando we-guqin ube yizikhathi ezi-3. Esokuqala singaphambi kokuvela koBukhosi bukaQin. Esikhathini sokuqala, i-guqin yathola ukuduma ku-orchestra yasegcekeni.

Phakathi nenkathi yesibili, leli thuluzi lathonywa imibono yobuConfucian nobuTao. Umculo wasakazwa emakhosini amaSui namaTang. Esiwombeni sesibili, kwenziwa imizamo yokubhala imithetho ye-Play, notation, kanye namazinga. Imodeli endala esekhona ye-qixianqin ingeyobukhosi baseTang.

Inkathi yesithathu ibonakala ngobunzima bezingoma, ukuvela kwamasu okudlala amukelwa ngokuvamile. I-Song Dynasty indawo yokuzalwa yenkathi yegolide yomlando we-guqin. Kunezinkondlo eziningi nezindatshana zesikhathi sesithathu obekumele kudlalwe ngazo ku-qixianqing.

Ukusebenzisa

I-Qixianqin ekuqaleni yayisetshenziswa emculweni wesintu waseShayina. Ngokwesiko, insimbi yayidlalwa ekamelweni elithule lodwa noma nabangane abambalwa. Abaculi besimanje badlala emakhonsathini amakhulu besebenzisa ama-pickup kagesi noma imibhobho ukuze bakhulise umsindo.

Ukwakhiwa okudumile kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX elibizwa nge- "Rokudan no Shirabe". Umbhali ungumqambi oyimpumputhe u-Yatsuhashi Kang.

Njengophawu lwesiko eliphakeme, i-qixianqin isetshenziswa ngenkuthalo kusiko oludumile lwaseShayina. Ithuluzi livela kumafilimu. Abalingisi bamafilimu abanawo amakhono okulingisa, ngakho bayathuthuka. Ingoma yomsindo erekhodiwe ye-Play professional ibekwe phezulu ngokulandelana kwevidiyo.

Ukudlala kwe-guqing okudalwe kabusha ngokunembile kuvela ku-movie Hero ka-Zhang Yimou. Umlingiswa u-Xu Kuang udlala inguqulo yakudala ye-guqin esigcawini sesigodlo kuyilapho u-Nameless One ehlanekezela ukuhlasela kwesitha.

Ithuluzi lasetshenziswa ekuvulweni kwama-Olympics Ehlobo lango-2008. Yakhiwe nguChen Leiji.

Idlalwa kanjani

Indlela yokudlala i-guqin ibizwa ngokuthi i-fingering. Umculo odlalwayo uhlukaniswe imisindo emi-3 ehlukene:

• Eyokuqala iculwa yin. Ukuhunyushwa kwezwi nezwi kusho “imisindo ezwakala ingaxhumene ndawonye”. Kukhishwe ngeyunithi yezinhlamvu evuliwe.
• Owesibili nguFang Yin. Incazelo ithi “imisindo entantayo”. Igama livela ku-harmonica, lapho umdlali ethinta kancane intambo ngomunwe owodwa noma emibili endaweni ethile. Kukhiqizwa umsindo ocacile.
• Okwesithathu yin noma "umsindo omisiwe". Ukuze akhiphe umsindo, umdlali ucindezela intambo ngomunwe ize ime emzimbeni. Khona-ke isandla somculi siyehla senyuka, sishintsha iphimbo. Indlela yokukhipha umsindo ifana nokudlala isiginci sama-slide. Indlela ye-guqin ihluke kakhulu, isebenzisa sonke isandla.

Ngokwencwadi ethi Cunjian Guqin Zhifa Puzi Jilan, kunezindlela ezingu-1070 zokudlala iminwe. Lokhu kungaphezu kwezinye izinsimbi zaseNtshonalanga noma zesiShayina. Abadlali banamuhla basebenzisa isilinganiso samasu angama-50. Ukufunda ukudlala i-qixianqing kunzima futhi kuthatha isikhathi esiningi. Akunakwenzeka ukufunda wonke amasu ngaphandle komfundisi oqeqeshiwe.