I-Oud: kuyini, umlando wezinsimbi, ukwakheka, ukusetshenziswa

Omunye wokhokho be-lute yaseYurophu yi-oud. Leli thuluzi lisetshenziswa kabanzi emazweni amaSulumane nama-Arab.

Yini oud

I-Oud iyinsimbi yomculo enezintambo. Ikilasi - i-chordophone ekhishwe.

Umlando

Ithuluzi linomlando omude. Izithombe zokuqala zama-chordophones afanayo zibuyela ekhulwini lesi-8 BC. Izithombe zitholwe endaweni yase-Iran yanamuhla.

Enkathini yoMbuso wakwaSassanid, i-barbat yensimbi efana nelute yathola ukuduma. I-oud yavela ekuhlanganiseni kwezakhiwo ze-barbat ne-barbiton yasendulo yamaGreki. Ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX, izwe lamaSulumane i-Iberia laba ngumkhiqizi oyinhloko we-chordophone.

Igama lesi-Arabhu lethuluzi elithi "al-udu" linezincazelo ezi-2. Eyokuqala intambo, eyesibili intamo yedada. Abantu base-Arab bahlobanisa ukuma kwe-oud nentamo yedada.

Idivayisi yethuluzi

Isakhiwo se-oud sihlanganisa izingxenye ezi-3: umzimba, intamo, ikhanda. Ngaphandle, umzimba ufana nesithelo sepheya. Izinto zokukhiqiza - i-walnut, i-sandalwood, i-pear.

Intamo yenziwa ngokhuni olufanayo nolomzimba. Okukhethekile kwentamo ukungabikho kwama-frets.

I-headstock inamathele ekugcineni kwentamo. Inomshini wesikhonkwane onezintambo ezinamathiselwe. Inombolo yezintambo zenguqulo ye-Azerbaijani ejwayelekile kakhulu yi-6. Impahla yokukhiqiza intambo yesilika, inayiloni, amathumbu ezinkomo. Kwezinye izinguqulo zensimbi, ziyabhangqwa.

Izinhlobo ze-chordophone zase-Armenia zihlukaniswa ngenani elikhuphukile lezintambo ezifika ku-11. Inguqulo yesiPheresiya inezingu-12. E-Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan naseKyrgyzstan, i-chordophone inezintambo ezimbalwa kakhulu - 5.

Amamodeli wama-Arabhu makhulu kunawaseTurkey namaPheresiya. Ubude besikali buyi-61-62 cm, kanti ubude besikali se-Turkish buyi-58.5 cm. Umsindo we-oud yesi-Arabhu wehluka ngokujula ngenxa yomzimba omkhulu kakhulu.

Ukusebenzisa

Abaculi badlala i-oud ngendlela efanayo nesiginci. Umzimba ubekwe edolweni lesokudla, usekelwe yingalo yangakwesokudla. Isandla sokunxele sibophela amachords entanyeni enganyakazi. Isandla sokudla siphethe i-plectrum, ekhipha umsindo ezintanjeni.

Ukushuna okujwayelekile kwe-chordophone: D2-G2-A2-D3-G3-C4. Uma usebenzisa izintambo ezibhanqiwe, ukuhleleka kweyunithi yezinhlamvu ezincikene kuyaphindwa. Amanothi angomakhelwane azwakala ngendlela efanayo, enza umsindo ocebile.

I-oud isetshenziswa kakhulu emculweni wesintu. Abadlali abahlukahlukene ngezinye izikhathi bayayisebenzisa emisebenzini yabo. UFarid al-Atrash, umculi nomqambi waseGibhithe, wasebenzisa i-oud ngenkuthalo emsebenzini wakhe. Izingoma ezidumile zikaFarid: Rabeeh, Awal Hamsa, Hekayat Gharami, Wayak.