Vyacheslav Ivanovich Suk (Suk, Vyacheslav) |

Suk, Vyacheslav

Umculi Wabantu we-RSFSR (1925). “Njengomculi owaqala ukusebenza ngaphansi kuka-PI Tchaikovsky kanye no-NA Rimsky-Korsakov futhi wasebenza nabo, u-VI wathatha okuningi kulaba baculi. Naye wayengumculi obaluleke kakhulu. Njengomqhubi, wayeyingcweti ye-erudition enkulu, esasinayo ezimbalwa: kulokhu angakwazi ukuqhathaniswa noNapravnik kuphela. Wahlangabezana nazo zonke izimfuneko ezingase zethulwe kumqhubi wezinga elikhulu. I-VI yayiyisikhungo sempilo yomculo weBolshoi Theatre kanye negunya elikhulu kunawo wonke: izwi lakhe laliwumthetho wawo wonke umuntu - "washo kanjalo uVyacheslav Ivanovich."

Akukhona lutho ukuthi uM. Ippolitov-Ivanov uqhathanisa i-Bitch ne-Napravnik kulawa mazwi. Iphuzu akukhona nje ukuthi bobabili, amaCzech ngobuzwe, bathola izwe elisha eRussia, baba izibalo ezivelele zesiko lomculo laseRussia. Lokhu kuqhathaniswa kuyafaneleka futhi ngoba indima kaSook empilweni yeBolshoi Theatre ifana nendima yeNapravnik maqondana neSt. Petersburg Mariinsky Theatre. Ngo-1906 wafika e-Bolshoi Theatre futhi wasebenza khona kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe. Impela imizuzu embalwa ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, uVyacheslav Ivanovich waxoxa nabasebenzi bakhe ngemininingwane yokukhiqizwa kweThe Tale of the Invisible City of Kitezh. Inkosi ephawulekayo yadlulisela induku yenkonzo engakhathali kwezobuciko esizukulwaneni esisha sabaqhubi beSoviet.

Wafika eRussia njengomdlali wevayolini eyedwa eqenjini le-orchestra elaliqhutshwa uF. Laub wasePrague, lapho athola khona iziqu zakhe e-conservatory ngo-1879. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, waqala umsebenzi wakhe emkhakheni womculo waseRussia. Kwakungekho ukukhuphuka nokwehla okumangalisayo emsebenzini wakhe. Ngenkani nangokuphikelela, wazuza imisebenzi emisiwe, ezuza ulwazi. Ekuqaleni, lo mculi osemusha wasebenza njenge-violinist ku-orchestra ye-opera yangasese yase-Kyiv I. Ya. Setov, ngaleso sikhathi eBolshoi Theatre. Kusukela maphakathi nawo-80s, imisebenzi yakhe yokuqhuba yaqala emadolobheni ezifundazweni - Kharkov, Taganrog, Vilna, Minsk, Odessa, Kazan, Saratov; eMoscow, uSuk uqhuba imidlalo ye-Italian Opera Association, e-St. Petersburg uqondisa i-Novaya Opera yangasese. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwakudingeka asebenze namaqembu e-orchestra abuthakathaka, kodwa yonke indawo wathola imiphumela ebalulekile yobuciko, evuselela ngesibindi i-repertoire ngezindleko zemisebenzi yakudala yomculo waseRussia naseNtshonalanga Yurophu. Ngisho nangaleyo “nkathi yesifundazwe” uTchaikovsky wajwayelana nobuciko bukaSuk, owabhala ngaye ngo-1888: “Ngamangala kakhulu ngekhono lomphathi wakhe weqembu.”

Ekugcineni, ngo-1906, kakade uhlakaniphe ngokuhlangenwe nakho, Suk wahola Bolshoi Theatre, wafinyelela ezindaweni eziphakeme zokucula lapha. Waqala ngokuthi “Aida” futhi ngemva kwalokho waphendukela ngokuphindaphindiwe ezibonelweni ezingcono kakhulu zakwamanye amazwe (ngokwesibonelo, ama-opera kaWagner, “Carmen”); ingoma yakhe evamile yayihlanganisa ama-opera angamashumi amahlanu. Kodwa-ke, ukuzwela okungenamibandela komqhubi kwanikezwa i-opera yaseRussia, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke kuTchaikovsky noRimsky-Korsakov. Ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwakhe, u-Eugene Onegin, iNdlovukazi ye-Spades, i-Snow Maiden, i-Sadko, i-May Night, i-Legend of the Invisible City of Kitezh, i-Golden Cockerel kanye neminye imisebenzi yobuciko yabaqambi abakhulu baseRussia. Abaningi babo baqala ukuboniswa eBolshoi Theatre nguSuk.

Ukwazile ukuthelela ithimba lonke ebelicula ngesasasa lakhe. Wabona umsebenzi wakhe oyinhloko ekudluliseleni ngqo kwenhloso yombhali. USuk wagcizelela ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuthi “umbhidisi kumelwe abe umhumushi onomusa womqambi, hhayi umgxeki ononya ozishaya azi ngaphezu kombhali ngokwakhe.” Futhi u-Suk wasebenza ngokuzikhandla emsebenzini, ecija ngokucophelela yonke imishwana, efinyelela ukuvezwa okukhulu kwe-orchestra, ikhwaya, nabahlabeleli. "U-Vyacheslav Ivanovich," kusho umculi wehabhu u-KA Erdeli, "wayehlale esebenza isikhathi eside futhi enzima yonke imininingwane yama-nuances, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo wayebukele ukudalulwa kohlamvu lwalo lonke. Ekuqaleni kubonakala sengathi umqhubi uhlala ezintweni ezincane isikhathi eside. Kodwa lapho ubuciko obuphelele buvezwa ngendlela ephelile, kokubili injongo nemiphumela yaleyo ndlela yomsebenzi kuyacaca. UVyacheslav Ivanovich Suk wayengumuntu ojabule futhi onobungane, umeluleki onzima wobusha. Isimo somdlandla ongavamile nothando lomculo sasibusa e-Bolshoi Theatre.”

Ngemva Omkhulu ka-Okthoba Revolution, ngenkathi eqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe osebenzayo enkundleni yemidlalo yaseshashalazini (hhayi kuphela e-Bolshoi, kodwa naseStanislavsky Opera Theatre), u-Suk wenza ngendlela ehlelekile esiteji sekhonsathi. Futhi lapha i-repertoire yomqhubi yayibanzi kakhulu. Ngokombono ofanayo wabantu besikhathi sakhe, iparele lezinhlelo zakhe bekulokhu kuyimidlalo emithathu yokugcina kaTchaikovsky, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke iPathetique. Futhi ekhonsathini yakhe yokugcina ngo-December 6, 1932, wenza ama-symphonies Okwesine nowesithupha womqambi omkhulu waseRussia. USuk wakhonza ngokwethembeka ubuciko bomculo waseRussia, futhi ngemva kokunqoba kuka-Okthoba waba omunye wabakhi abashisekayo besiko elincane lezenhlalakahle.

Lit.: I. Remezov. VI Suk. M., 1933.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek