Ungayishuna kanjani i-violin futhi ukhothame ngemuva kokuthenga, amathiphu wabaqalayo

Uma usanda kubhalisela izifundo ze-violin noma uthumele ingane yakho esikoleni somculo kumakilasi e-violin, udinga ukuthenga insimbi yokuzijwayeza ekhaya. Ngokufunda njalo (imizuzu engama-20 ngosuku), uzohlanganisa amakhono owafunde ekilasini futhi uzobe ulungele ukufunda izinto ezintsha.

Ukuze umsebenzi wasekhaya ungaphazanyiswa insimbi ephelelwe yisikhathi, udinga ukwazi ukuyishuna. Lapho uthenga insimbi, ungacela umxhumanisi ukuthi ashune ivayolini, futhi uthisha uzokusiza ukuqapha ukulungiswa kwensimbi ngesikhathi sokuzilolonga.

Ukuze ushune ivayolini, fanisa umsindo wezintambo ezivulekile zensimbi nomsindo wereferensi.

Wonke umdlali wevayolini kufanele akwazi ukushuna ivayolini, ngoba insimbi ilahlekelwa ukushuna kwayo ngenxa yezinguquko kuzinga lokushisa, umswakama, njll. Uma ivayolini yenziwa kangcono, ukushuna kuthatha isikhathi eside, kodwa ngaphambi kwezifundo nokusebenza kwevayolini, insimbi zisamile. ishuniwe. Uma i-violinist isencane, abazali bafunda ukucula i-violin.

Ikhono lokuletha insimbi esimweni sokusebenza liza nolwazi, futhi udinga ukuzilolonga kaningi ukuze ukwazi ukushuna ivayolini ngendlebe.

Kulabo imvelo engabanikezanga ngephimbo eliphelele, futhi abangakabi naso isikhathi sokuthuthuka, kunemishini ekhethekile yokusiza ukushuna ithuluzi. Ingqikithi yokushuna ukuletha umsindo wezintambo ezine ezivulekile ngokuvumelana nezinga. Yakha ivayolini - Mi, La, Re, Sol (kusukela entanjeni encane ezansi).

Ungayishuna kanjani ivayolini ngemuva kokuthenga

Ivayolini inamathuluzi amabili okushintsha ukushuba kwentambo futhi, ngokufanele, iphimbo: izikhonkwane zokulungisa (njengesiginci) kanye "nemishini". Izikhonkwane zitholakala ku-headstock futhi ziyimishini lapho izintambo zilinyazwa khona. Imishini itholakala phansi kwentambo futhi ibukeka njengemibuthano. Akuwona wonke ama-violin anemishini efakiwe, futhi uma ingekho, ukushuna ngosizo lwezikhonkwane zokulungisa kusala.

Izikhonkwane zokulungisa zinikeza ukushuna okuqinile, kunzima ukuphenduka futhi kulula ukugqabula intambo ngokuyiqinisa kakhulu. Kukholakala ukuthi ukuze ucule kahle i-violin, kungcono ukusebenzisa "imishini" futhi uthenge insimbi enayo. Uma intambo iphelelwe ngamandla, baphendulela isikhonkwane, uma kudingekile ukuyilungisa kancane, baphendule umshini. Lapho uphendula izikhonkwane, bamba i-violin nge-engeli, uncike emilenzeni yakho, futhi lapho usebenza ngomshini wokubhala, beka insimbi emadolweni akho. Ungalokothi ubambe insimbi eduze nobuso bakho lapho ushuna! Uma intambo igqamuka, ingakulimaza.

Abadlali beviyolin bavame ukucula i-violin ngendlebe - bangabaculi abanendlebe ethuthuke kahle. Kodwa kulabo abasafufusa, abasaqalayo, nabazali babaculi abasebasha, zikhona ezinye izindlela zokuhlola ukucushwa kwevayolini. Indlela elula ukusebenzisa ishuna - uyadlala, futhi ikhombisa ukuthi intambo ishuniwe yini. Ishuna ingaba uhlelo ocingweni, kudivayisi, noma kuwebhusayithi. Ukunemba kwaleli thuluzi akuhlali kumfanele umdlali wevayolini. Inketho ekahle iwukushuna ngepiyano ye-elekthronikhi (hhayi i-acoustic, njengoba ingase ingasebenzi). Qala ngokushuna iyunithi yezinhlamvu engu-A, bese kuthi enye. Ukuze ushune amayunithi ezinhlamvu ancikene, kudlalwa izintambo ezimbili ezivuliwe futhi kuhlolwe ingxenye yesihlanu ephelele. Abashayi bevayolini bangakuzwa kahle umehluko, kodwa uma indlebe ingathuthukisiwe, shuna zonke izintambo ngokuvumelana neshuna noma iphono.

Ungashuna kanjani ivayolini ngaphandle kwepiyano

Iyunithi yezinhlamvu yokuqala yokuqala inqubo yokushuna iyunithi yezinhlamvu engu-A. Okudingayo izinga lomsindo. Ungasebenzisa:

• imfoloko;
• umsindo wereferensi oqoshiwe;
• ishuna.

Umsebenzi wakho uwukushuna iyunithi yezinhlamvu ukuze imisindo ihlangane kanyekanye ngaphandle kokungqongqoza okwengeziwe. Imfoloko yokushuna izwakala ncamashi njengoba iyunithi yezinhlamvu yesibili evuliwe kufanele ikhale. Ezinye izintambo ngokuvamile zishunwa abadlali bevayolini ngendlebe. Lapho ushuna ivayolini, namathela kunqubo “yepiyano” lapho usebenza ngomnsalo.

Kubadlali be-violinist be-novice, kanye nabazali babaculi abasha, i-tuner iyisixazululo esihle senkinga. Inamathiselwe entanyeni yevayolini, futhi uma udlala intambo evulekile, ikhombisa ebhodini lokuphawula ukuthi intambo ishuniwe yini.

Ukushuna ivayolini ezingeni lochwepheshe kuwumqondo ohlobene. Ireferensi A iyahluka emakamelweni ahlukene, uma udlala ngezinsimbi ezahlukene. Isibonelo, ukudlala ku-orchestra, wonke ama-violin, ama-violas, ama-cellos namabhesi aphindwe kabili ashunwa ensimbi yomculo - i-oboe. Futhi uma uhlela ukudlala nge-piano solo, bese beyishunisela upiyano.

Ukushuna ivayolini ngaphandle kwepiyano ekhulwini lama-21 akuyona inkinga - ku-inthanethi ungathola kalula ukurekhodwa kwereferensi yazo zonke izintambo, futhi imfoloko yokushuna ikuwo wonke amakesi evayolini.

Ngaphambi kokuqala isifundo se-violin, ngaphambi kokudlala noma ukuphindaphinda, abaculi baletha insimbi esimweni sokusebenza: bahlola ukuthi i-violin ishuniwe futhi balungise umnsalo ukuze usebenze.

I-violin kanye nobukhulu bomnsalo

Ivayolini nomnsalo kukhethwa ngosayizi, kuye ngobude nokwakhiwa kwevayolini. Ivayolini engu-4/4 ithathwa njengevayolini yosayizi ogcwele futhi ifanele abantu abadala abangaphezu kuka-150 cm ubude. Ku-violin enjalo, umnsalo onobukhulu obungama-745-750 mm ukhethwa.

Ubude bomnsalo bubalulekile njengoba buthinta ukuziphatha kwesandla esibambe umnsalo. Uma umnsalo ude kakhulu, ingalo yesokudla "izowela" ngemuva, futhi ngenxa yomnsalo omfushane, ingalo yesokudla ngeke yandise.

Ukuze ugweme ukungaphatheki kahle nokulimala okungenzeka, zama umnsalo khona kanye esitolo. Noma kunjalo, ukuxhumana phakathi kobude nobukhulu bensimbi kuyisiqondiso, hhayi umthetho. Umuntu ngamunye uhlukile, futhi ungathola ukuthi umnsalo wosayizi ohlukile uzokulingana, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umude kangakanani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho ukhetha umnsalo, ubude bezingalo bubuye bucatshangelwe. Idlalwa kanjani ivayolini

Ivayolini kuthiwa ihambisana lapho izintambo ezithile zihambisana nomsindo othile. Eyokuqala (intambo encane kakhulu ngokwayo) ithi Mi ye-octave yesibili, intambo yesibili izwakala njengoLa we-octave yokuqala, intambo yesithathu ithi Re futhi yesine ithi Sol.

Abantu abanezwi elihle bashuna ivayolini ngaphandle kosizo lwemisindo eyireferensi ekhishwe ngemfoloko yokushuna, upiyano, noma umsindo orekhodiwe - bakhumbula nje ukuthi izintambo zizwakala kanjani, njengokungathi ishuna yangaphakathi yakhelwe kuzo. I-MuzShock Music School inikeza izifundo ze-violin zomuntu ngamunye kanye nemibhangqwana, lapho sizokufundisa khona ukuthi ungashuna kanjani umnsalo ne-violin ngendlela efanele uwedwa.

Uma izindlebe zomculi zingaphelele, khona-ke usebenzisa izinto ezisizayo. Indlela edume kakhulu yokushuna ivayolini ukusebenzisa imfoloko yokushuna. Imfoloko yokulungisa ibukeka njengemfoloko yensimbi, okuthi uma isetshenziswa ngomshini, ikhiqize inothi elithi “La” - njengentambo yesibili. Ukulungiswa kwe-violin kuqala ngentambo engu-A, bese, ngokugxila kuyo, zonke ezinye izintambo zishuniwe.

Kungenzeka ukulalela ukuqoshwa komsindo wezintambo ezivulekile bese ushuna i-violin ngokusho kwabo, kodwa le ndlela ayifanele abaculi abaqeqeshiwe. Ipiyano elithi “La” lihlukile kufoloko yokushuna ethi “La”. Ngakho-ke, i-violin yokudlala ku-orchestra iculwa ku-oboe, ngokudlala upiyano - upiyano.

Ivayolini iyinsimbi yakudala ebilokhu idumile amakhulu eminyaka. Namuhla, kuyafuneka futhi abazali abaningi kusukela zisencane bathumela izingane zabo esikoleni somculo, ukuze zifunde izinto eziyisisekelo zokudlala i-violin.

Uma ingane yakho isivele iye emakilasini ambalwa futhi ubona ukuthi u-Vivaldi osemncane umi phambi kwakho, sekuyisikhathi sokucabanga ngokuthenga insimbi yomuntu siqu. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi umnsalo udlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kune-violin ngokwayo. Yingakho kufanelekile ukunaka ngokukhethekile ukukhetha kwakhe.

Ungakhetha kanjani umnsalo we-violin?

Okokuqala, udinga ukuhambisana neqiniso lokuthi akufanele uthenge umnsalo ne-violin "ukukhula". Phela, ukudlala insimbi yomculo omkhulu kuwuhlelo olunzima kakhulu kunokudlala encane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungacabangi ukuthi ingane yakho kufanele ifunde ngokushesha i-violin yosayizi ogcwele ngomnsalo ofanele, njengoba encane izwakala ibuthakathaka futhi imbi kakhulu. Lo mbono awulungile.

Uma ingane ineminyaka engu-5 kuya ku-8 ubudala, ubude bayo buyi-120-135 cm, futhi ubude bengalo buyi-445-510 mm, khona-ke umnsalo we-violin ¼ uzoba isisombululo esihle. Indlela ukuthatha izilinganiso? Udinga ukukala isandla sakho ukusuka maphakathi nentende yesandla evulekile kuya ehlombe.

Masiqhubekele ekukhetheni umnsalo wekhwalithi

Okokuqala, hlola uhlobo lomnsalo. Qiniseka ukuthi akukho mifantu kuwo. Uma ukhetha umnsalo wesigaba sesabelomali, usengozini yokuthenga umnsalo ongalungile, ngoba iminsalo enjalo ihlanganiswe ne-opaque varnish, futhi kunzima ukubona imifantu.

Zama ukuthatha umnsalo ngehhashi lemvelo elimhlophe. Hlola ukujikeleza kwesikulufu lapho udonsa izinwele - uma ukujikeleza kubushelelezi futhi akudingi umzamo, umnsalo ufanelekile.

Futhi hlola ukuthi uchungechunge luhlelekile. Ngokuvamile kuba neminsalo enezintambo eziphukile, lokhu kuyisici sokukhiqiza. Qinisekisa ukuthi intambo isesimweni esihle khona esitolo, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzoba nobunzima kamuva uma ufuna ukubuyisela umnsalo emuva.

Uma umnsalo usesimweni se-taut, umhlanga uthinta izinwele. Enye indlela yokuhlola umnsalo ukudonsa izinwele kuze kube yilapho umhlanga uqondile. Kulesi simo, zishaye kancane entendeni yesandla sakho. Izimpawu zomnsalo wekhwalithi empofu zizoba: ukuphindaphinda okuqinile, akukho ukuphindaphinda, ukuqina kokungezwani ngemva komthelela.

Okunye ukuhlola okufanele kuhlolwe: faka umnsalo ocingweni ngaphandle kokwenza umsindo futhi uwutshekisele ngakwesokudla nangakwesobunxele. Umnsalo wekhwalithi ngeke ugxume noma uhambe ngokuzumayo.

Usayizi wokugoba

Umnsalo unobukhulu obuhambisana nobukhulu be-violin: 1/16, 1/10, 1/8, 1/4, 2/4, 3/4, 7/8 kanye no-4/4. Kodwa kungcono ukukhetha ubukhulu bomnsalo, njenge-violin, nomfundisi we-violin. Bonke abantu bahlukile, futhi ubukhulu bensimbi nomnsalo wengane kufanele kukhethwe ngokusekelwe ezicini zomuntu ngamunye: ukuphakama, ukwakha, ubude bezingalo, iminwe.

Uma umnsalo okhethiwe uphenduka ubude ngokweqile, khona-ke lapho udlala, isandla sokunene sizohamba, siwele ngemuva, futhi umoba ngeke ufinyelele ekupheleni; umnsalo omfushane ngokweqile awusivumeli isandla sokudla ukuthi sigoqe. Lokhu kuthinta ukukhiqizwa komsindo, ukuma, inhlalakahle yomdlali we-violinist, ngakho qiniseka ukuthi uthintana nothisha we-violin ukuthi yikuphi umnsalo okulungele wena.

Ikhwalithi yomnsalo

Izinga lomnsalo, njenganoma yimuphi umkhiqizo, lilingana nentengo. Kodwa ngisho naphakathi kweminsalo yesabelomali, bheka inketho engcono kakhulu ngokwekhwalithi.

Hlola umnsalo kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, cinga imifantu. Uma umnsalo umbozwe nge-varnish ecacile, kulula ukuthola imifantu, kodwa iminsalo yesabelomali ivame ukupendwa nge-varnish enemibala, okwenza kube nzima ukuthola amaphutha. Ngisho nemifantu emincane ithembisa ukuphuka ngaphambi kwesikhathi komhlanga, ngoba kufanele ikwazi ukumelana nokudlala, futhi imelane nokushintshwa kwezinwele.

Umnsalo wekhwalithi ephezulu uqondisa uma welula izinwele, njengalapho udlala - ukuphambuka kuyanyamalala, umhlanga ubukeka ngisho. Umnsalo, okwazi ukudlulisa imithunzi ecashile yomsindo, uyavevezela uma uwushaya ngomunwe wakho (izinwele njengalapho udlala), ubambe ibhulokhi nomhlanga. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi ukuphela komnsalo kubheke phezulu. Ama-violinists anolwazi anquma ikhwalithi yomnsalo ngenani lokudlidliza, kodwa lokhu kusebenza ezinkethweni ezibiza kakhulu.

Uma ukhetha umnsalo, kunconywa ukuba uqhube okunye ukuhlolwa: ukuyibeka ocingweni (njengokungathi udlala) futhi umane utsheke kwesokunxele nakwesokudla, ngaphandle kokukhipha umsindo. Umnsalo akufanele ugxume, uhambe ngokuzumayo futhi kungazelelwe.

Uzokhetha iminsalo yesibili, yesithathu nelandelayo ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kwakho, ukwazi izidingo zakho zomsindo nenduduzo.

Indlela yokushuna umnsalo

Ukuze uhlole ukulungela komnsalo umsebenzi - yihlole. Uma izinwele zigoqa noma umoba ugobile, ukungezwani kwezinwele kudinga ukulungiswa. Uma kwenzeka i-sagging, qinisa izinwele, futhi uma umoba ugobile, ukhulule. Futhi, ngaphambi kokudlala, gcoba umnsalo nge-rosin - swayipha itshana phezulu naphansi izikhathi ezingu-5-6. Kukhona ama-violin abeluleka ukuxubha izikhathi ezingaba ngu-XNUMX - umsindo ugqamile futhi ucebile, kodwa i-violin imbozwe nge-coating enamathelayo.

Ukuze ugcine ivayolini inomsindo isikhathi eside, yiphathe ngokucophelela: yigcine ekesini, kude nezinga lokushisa nokushintsha komswakama, gwema imithelela yemishini.