I-Periodization yesiko lomculo

Ukuhlelwa kwenkathi yesiko lomculo kuyindaba eyinkimbinkimbi engabhekwa ngemibono ehlukene kuye ngemibandela ekhethiwe. Kodwa izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuguqulweni komculo amafomu nezimo osebenza kuzo.

Ngokwaleli phuzu lokubuka, inkathi yesiko lomculo yethulwa kanje:

• Ukujabulela imisindo yemvelo (umculo emvelweni). Kulesi sigaba abukho ubuciko okwamanje, kodwa umbono wobuhle usuvele ukhona. Imisindo yemvelo kanjalo ayiwona umculo, kodwa uma ibonwa ngabantu iba umculo. Kulesi sigaba, umuntu uthole ikhono lokujabulela le misindo.
• Umculo osetshenzisiwe. Bekuhambisana nomsebenzi, bekuyingxenye yawo, ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa emsebenzini ohlangene. Umculo uba yingxenye yempilo yansuku zonke.
• Rite. Umculo awuhambisani nomsebenzi kuphela, kodwa futhi nawo wonke amasiko abalulekile.
• Ukuhlukaniswa kwengxenye yobuciko endaweni yosiko nengokwenkolo kanye nokutholwa kwayo kokubaluleka kobuhle obuzimele.
• Ukuhlukaniswa kwezingxenye ngazinye, kuhlanganise nomculo, kusukela kuyinkimbinkimbi yobuciko.

Izigaba zokwakheka komculo

Lokhu periodization isiko lomculo kusivumela ukuba sihlukanise izigaba ezintathu ekwakhekeni umculo:

1. Ukufakwa komculo emsebenzini womuntu, ukubonakaliswa kokuqala komculo;
2. Izinhlobo zakuqala zomculo zihambisana nemidlalo, amasiko nemisebenzi yomsebenzi, kanye nokucula, ukudansa kanye nemidlalo yaseshashalazini. Umculo awunakuhlukaniswa namagama nokunyakaza.
3. Ukwakhiwa komculo wezinsimbi njengendlela yobuciko ezimele.

Ukugunyazwa komculo wezinsimbi ozimele

Ukwenziwa kwezikhathi zesiko lomculo akugcini ngokusungulwa komculo odlalayo ozimele. Le nqubo yaqedwa ngekhulu le-16-17. Lokhu kwavumela ulimi lomculo kanye nengqondo ukuthi ithuthuke ngokuqhubekayo. U-Bach kanye nemisebenzi yakhe ingesinye seziqophamlando ekuthuthukisweni kobuciko bomculo. Lapha, ngokokuqala ngqá, ingqondo ezimele yomculo kanye nekhono layo lokuxhumana nezinye izinhlobo zobuciko zembulwa ngokugcwele. Kodwa-ke, kuze kube sekhulwini le-18, izinhlobo zomculo zazihunyushwa ngokombono wezinkulumo zomculo, okwakuncike kakhulu ezindinganisweni zokubhala.

Isigaba esilandelayo ekuthuthukisweni komculo yisikhathi saseViennese i-classicism. Lesi kwakuyisikhathi lapho ubuciko be-symphonic buchuma. Imisebenzi kaBeethoven yabonisa indlela umculo odlulisa ngayo impilo engokomoya eyinkimbinkimbi yomuntu.

Esikhathini ezothando Kwakunezitayela ezihlukahlukene emculweni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubuciko bomculo bukhula njengendlela yokuzimela, futhi kuvela izinsimbi ezincane ezibonisa impilo yomzwelo yekhulu le-19. Ngenxa yalokhu, kuye kwasungulwa amafomu amasha angabonisa kalula ukuzizwisa komuntu ngamunye. Ngaso leso sikhathi, izithombe zomculo zacaca nakakhulu, njengoba umphakathi omusha wonxiwankulu wawufuna ukucaciseleka kanye nobungqabavu bokuqukethwe, nolimi olusha lomculo lwazama ukufakwa ngangokunokwenzeka kumafomu obuciko. Isibonelo salokhu ama-opera kaWagner, imisebenzi kaSchubert noSchumann.

Ekhulwini lama-20, umculo uyaqhubeka uthuthuka ngezindlela ezimbili ezibonakala ziphambene. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lokhu ukuthuthukiswa kwezindlela ezintsha zomculo, ukukhishwa komculo kokuqukethwe kwempilo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuthuthukiswa kwamafomu obuciko kusetshenziswa umculo, lapho kuthuthukiswa ukuxhumana okusha nemifanekiso yomculo, futhi ulimi lwawo luba olucacile.

Endleleni yokubambisana nokuncintisana kuzo zonke izindawo zobuciko bomculo kukhona okunye okutholwe abantu kule ndawo.