UMaria Izrailevna Grinberg |

UMaria Grinberg

“Ngiyathanda ekudaleni kwakhe indlela awenza ngayo izinto ngendlela ecacile engokwemvelo, ukuqonda kwangempela incazelo yomculo, ukunambitheka okungenakuphikiswa ... kanye nokuvumelana kwezithombe zomculo, umuzwa omuhle wesakhiwo, umsindo omnandi ohehayo, umsindo ongewona isiphetho ngokwawo. , kodwa njengendlela eyinhloko yokukhuluma, inqubo ephelele, nokho ngaphandle kwesithunzi "sobuhle". Ngiphinde ngiphawule emdlalweni wakhe ukungathí sina, ukugxila okuhle kwemicabango nemizwa ... "

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Abathandi bomculo abaningi abajwayele ubuciko buka-Maria Grinberg bazovumelana nalokhu kuhlolwa kwe-GG Neuhaus. Kulokhu, omunye angase athi, isici esihlanganisa konke, ngithanda ukugqamisa igama elithi "ukuvumelana". Ngempela, isithombe sobuciko sikaMaria Grinberg sanqoba ngobuqotho baso futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuguquguquka. Njengabacwaningi benothi lomsebenzi womdlali wopiyano, lesi simo sokugcina sibangelwa kakhulu ithonya lalabo thisha uGrinberg afunda nabo eMoscow Conservatory. Efika esuka e-Odessa (uthisha wakhe kwaze kwaba ngu-1925 kwakungu-DS Aizberg), wangena ekilasini le-FM, e-Blumenfeld; kamuva, u-KN Igumnov waba umholi wawo, ekilasini lakhe uGrinberg waphothula e-conservatory ngo-1933. Ngo-1933-1935, wathatha izifundo ze-postgraduate no-Igumnov (isikole samakhono aphakeme, njengoba sasibizwa kanjalo ngaleso sikhathi). Futhi uma kusukela ku-FM Blumenfeld umculi osemusha "ebolekiwe" izinhlobonhlobo ngomqondo omuhle kakhulu wegama, indlela enkulu yokuxazulula izinkinga zokuhumusha, khona-ke kusukela ku-KN Igumnov, u-Grinberg wazuza njengefa ukuzwela kwesitayela, ubuciko bomsindo.

Isigaba esibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kobuciko bomdlali wopiyano kwaba uMqhudelwano Wesibili Wenyunyana Yabaculi Abadlalayo (1935): UGrinberg wawina umklomelo wesibili. Umncintiswano waphawula ukuqala komsebenzi wakhe wekhonsathi obanzi. Nokho, ukukhuphukela komdlali wopiyano “e-Olympus yomculo” kwakungelula neze. Ngokuvumelana nokuphawula kuka-J. Milshtein, “kunabadlali abangakutholi ngokushesha ukuhlolwa okulungile nokuphelele ... Bakhula kancane kancane, abatholi nje kuphela injabulo yokunqoba, kodwa futhi nomunyu wokunqotshwa. Kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi, zikhula ngokuphilayo, kancane kancane futhi zifinyelele ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu zobuciko phakathi neminyaka. UMaria Grinberg ungowabadlali abanjalo.

Njenganoma yimuphi umculi ovelele, i-repertoire yakhe, ethuthukiswa unyaka nonyaka, yayibanzi kakhulu, futhi kunzima ukukhuluma ngomqondo ovimbelayo mayelana nokuthambekela kwe-repertoire yomdlali wopiyano. Ezigabeni ezihlukene zokuthuthuka kwezobuciko, wakhangwa izigaba ezahlukene zomculo. Kodwa nokho … Emuva maphakathi nawo-30s, u-A. Alschwang wagcizelela ukuthi okuhle ku-Grinberg kwakuwubuciko bakudala. Abangane bakhe njalo Bach, Scarlatti, Mozart, Beethoven. Ngaphandle kwesizathu, ngesizini lapho kugujwa khona usuku lokuzalwa lomdlali wopiyano lwama-60, wabamba umjikelezo wekhonsathi, owawuhlanganisa wonke ama-sonata opiyano ka-Beethoven. Ebukeza kakade amakhonsathi okuqala alo mjikelezo, u-K. Adzhemov waphawula: “Incazelo kaGrinberg ingaphandle ngokuphelele kwezemfundo. Ukudlala nganoma isiphi isikhathi kumakwa ukuhluka okuhlukile komdlali wopiyano, kuyilapho izithunzi ezincane zomculo ka-Beethoven zivezwa ngokunembile ekudlulisweni. Umbhalo ojwayelekile uthola impilo entsha ngamandla ogqozi lweciko. Kunqoba ukuthakasela ukwenziwa komculo, iphimbo eliyiqiniso, eliqotho, isifiso esingenakuguquguquka futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, izithombe ezicacile.” Ukufaneleka kwalawa magama kungabonakala ngisho namanje ngokulalela ukuqoshwa kwawo wonke ama-sonata ka-Beethoven, okwenziwa umdlali wopiyano ngeminyaka yama-70s. Ehlaziya lo msebenzi omuhle kakhulu, uN. Yudenich wabhala: “Ubuciko bukaGrinberg bugcwele amandla amakhulu. Ngokuthinta izimfanelo ezingokomoya ezingcono kakhulu zesilaleli, kuvusa ukusabela okunamandla nokujabulisayo. Ukungavinjelwa komthelela wokudlala komdlali wopiyano kuchazwa ngokuyinhloko ukuncenga kwezwi, “ukwehluka” (ukusebenzisa isisho sika-Glinka), ukucaca kwejika ngalinye, indima, itimu, futhi, ekugcineni, ubuqiniso obuthandekayo benkulumo. UGrinberg wethula isilaleli emhlabeni omuhle we-sonatas ka-Beethoven kalula, ngaphandle kokuthinta, ngaphandle komqondo webanga ohlukanisa umdwebi onolwazi nomlaleli ongenalwazi. Ukushesha, ubuqotho kubonakala ekushayweni kwephimbo lasekuqaleni komsebenzi.

Ukusha kwezwi… Incazelo enembe kakhulu echaza isizathu somthelela oqhubekayo ezithamelini zomdlalo ka-Maria Grinberg. Uyithole kanjani. Mhlawumbe imfihlo eyinhloko yayisemgomeni “ovamile” wokudala womdlali wopiyano, owake wawenza ngale ndlela: “Uma sifuna ukuqhubeka siphila kunoma yimuphi umsebenzi, kumelwe siwubone njengokungathi ubhalwe esikhathini sethu.”

Yiqiniso, phakathi neminyaka yekhonsathi ende, uGreenberg uye wadlala ngokuphindaphindiwe umculo wama-romantics - uSchubert, Schumann, Liszt, Chopin nabanye. Kodwa kwakungenxa yalesi sisekelo ukuthi, ngokombono ofanele womunye wabagxeki, izinguquko zekhwalithi zenzeke ngesitayela sobuciko somculi. Ekubuyekezeni kuka-D. Rabinovich (1961) siyafunda: “Namuhla awukwazi ukusho ukuthi ubuhlakani, obuyimpahla ehlala njalo yethalente lika-M. Grinberg, ngezinye izikhathi zisahamba phambili ngaphezu kokushesha kwakhe okuqotho. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, ukusebenza kwakhe kwakuvame ukujabulisa kunokuthinta. Kube “nokugodola” ekudlalweni kuka-M. Grinberg, okwabonakala ikakhulukazi lapho umdlali wopiyano ephendukela ku-Chopin, Brahms, Rachmaninoff. Manje akazivezi ngokugcwele emculweni wakudala kuphela, osekunesikhathi eside umlethela ukunqoba okuhlaba umxhwele, kodwa nasemculweni wothando.”

UGreenberg wayevame ukufaka izingoma ezinhlelweni zakhe ezazingaziwa kakhulu izethameli eziningi futhi cishe ezazingakaze zitholakale kumaphosta ekhonsathi. Ngakho-ke, komunye wemidlalo yakhe yaseMoscow, esebenza nguTelemann, Graun, Soler, Seixas nabanye abaqambi bekhulu lesi-XNUMX bezwakala. Singase futhi sisho imidlalo yeshashalazi eyalibaleka ingxenye ka-Wiese, uLyadov noGlazunov, Ikhonsathi Yesibili kaTchaikovsky, omunye wabasakazi benkulumo-ze abashisekayo esikhathini sethu osephenduke uMaria Grinberg.

Umculo waseSoviet wawunomngane oqotho kumuntu wakhe. Njengesibonelo esisodwa sokunaka kwakhe ubuciko besimanje bomculo, lonke uhlelo lwe-sonatas lwababhali baseSoviet, olulungiselelwe iminyaka engama-30 ka-Okthoba, lungasebenza: Okwesibili - ngu-S. Prokofiev, Okwesithathu - ka-D. Kabalevsky, Okwesine - ngu-V. I-Bely, Yesithathu - ngu-M. Weinberg. Wenze izingoma eziningi zika-D. Shostakovich, B. Shekhter, A. Lokshin.

Kuma-ensembles, abalingani bomculi babengabadlali bezingoma N. Dorliak, A. Dolivo, S. Yakovenko, indodakazi yakhe, umculi wepiyano N. Zabavnikova. Sengeza kulokhu ukuthi uGreenberg wabhala amalungiselelo namalungiselelo amaningi amapiyano amabili. Umdlali wopiyano waqala umsebenzi wakhe wokufundisa ngo-1959 e-Gnessin Institute, futhi ngo-1970 wathola isihloko sokuba uprofesa.

UMaria Grinberg waba negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni ubuciko bokudlala baseSoviet. Encwadini yomngcwabo emfushane esayinwe u-T. Khrennikov, G. Sviridov kanye no-S. Richter, kukhona nalawa magama alandelayo: “Izinga lethalente lakhe lisemandleni amakhulu okuthonya okuqondile, kuhlanganiswe nokujula komcabango okukhethekile, izinga eliphakeme kakhulu. wobuciko namakhono opiyano. Ukuhumusha kwakhe ngakunye cishe zonke izingcezu azenzayo, ikhono lakhe “lokufunda” umqondo womqambi ngendlela entsha, kwavula ama-horizons amasha namasha obuciko.

Ukukhanya: uMilshtein Ya. UMaria Grinberg. – M., 1958; Rabinovich D. Izithombe zabadlali bopiyano. -M., 1970.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya.