USergei Petrovich Leiferkus |

Sergei Leiferkus

Umculi Wabantu we-RSFSR, owawina uMklomelo Wombuso we-USSR, owawina indondo ye-All-Union kanye nemincintiswano yamazwe ngamazwe.

Wazalwa ngo-April 4, 1946 eLeningrad. Ubaba - Krishtab Petr Yakovlevich (1920-1947). Umama - Leiferkus Galina Borisovna (1925-2001). Unkosikazi - Leiferkus Vera Evgenievna. INdodana - Leiferkus Yan Sergeevich, Udokotela Wesayensi Yezobuchwepheshe.

Umndeni wakwaLeiferkus wawuhlala esiqhingini saseVasilyevsky eLeningrad. Okhokho babo bavela eMannheim (eJalimane) futhi ngisho nangaphambi kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala bathuthela eSt. Wonke amadoda omndeni ayeyizikhulu zamasosha asolwandle. Ngokulandela isiko lomndeni, uLeiferkus, ngemva kokuphothula ibanga lesi-4 esikoleni esiphakeme, waya kobhala izivivinyo eLeningrad Nakhimov School. Kodwa akazange amukelwe ngenxa yokungaboni kahle.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uSergei wathola i-violin njengesipho - yile ndlela izifundo zakhe zomculo zaqala ngayo.

U-Leiferkus usakholelwa ukuthi isiphetho singabantu abazungeza umuntu futhi bamhole empilweni. Lapho eneminyaka engu-17, wangena ekwayeni yaseLeningrad State University, kumculi wekwaya omangalisayo uGM Sandler. Ngokwesimo esisemthethweni, ikhwaya bekuyikwaya yabafundi, kodwa ubungcweti beqembu bebuphezulu kangangokuthi bebungamela noma yimuphi umsebenzi, ngisho nezinto ezinzima. Ngaleso sikhathi kwakungakabi "kunconyiwe" ukucula izinkonzo nomculo ongcwele abaqambi baseRussia, kodwa umsebenzi onjenge-Orff "Carmina Burana" wenziwa ngaphandle kokuvinjelwa futhi ngempumelelo enkulu. USandler walalela uSergei futhi wamnikeza amabhesi esibili, kodwa ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva wamdlulisela kumabhesi okuqala ... Ngaleso sikhathi, izwi likaLeiferkus laliphansi kakhulu, futhi, njengoba wazi, awekho ama-baritones ekwayeni. Umphumela.

Endaweni efanayo, uSergei wahlangana nomfundisi ovelele uMaria Mikhailovna Matveeva, owafundisa uSofia Preobrazhenskaya, Umculi Wabantu we-USSR ULyudmila Filatova, Umculi Wabantu we-USSR Yevgeny Nesterenko. Ngokushesha u-Sergei waba soloist wekwaya, futhi kakade ngo-1964 wahlanganyela ohambweni Finland.

Ehlobo lika-1965, kwaqala izivivinyo zokungena e-conservatory. USergei wenza i-aria ethi "Don Juan" futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo enyakazisa izingalo zakhe. UDean we-Vocal Faculty u-AS Bubelnikov ukhulume umusho owujuqu: “Ingabe uyazi, kukhona okuthile kulo mfana.” Ngakho, Leiferkus wangeniswa emnyangweni wokulungiselela Leningrad Rimsky-Korsakov Conservatory. Futhi ukufunda kwaqala - iminyaka emibili yokulungiselela, kwase kuba iminyaka emihlanu yesisekelo. Bakhokha imadlana encane, futhi uSergey waya emsebenzini eMimans. Wangena kubasebenzi be-Maly Opera Theatre futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo wasebenza isikhathi esithile ku-Mimamse e-Kirov. Cishe zonke izikhathi zakusihlwa zazimatasa - u-Leiferkus wayebonakala emi nepayipi kwezinye izinto ezengeziwe ku-"Swan Lake" ngaphambi kokuphuma kwe-Rothbart noma kubadansi abagcina ikhophi ku-"Fadette" ku-Maly Opera. Kwakuwumsebenzi othakazelisayo nojabulisayo, ababewukhokhela, nakuba wawumncane, kodwa wawuyimali.

Khona-ke i-studio ye-opera ye-Conservatory yanezelwa, eyavulwa ngonyaka wokuvuma kwakhe. Esitudiyo se-opera, uLeiferkus kuqala, njengabo bonke abafundi, wacula ekwayeni, bese kulandela ukuphenduka kwezindima ezincane: uZaretsky noRotny ku-Eugene Onegin, uMorales noDancairo eCarmen. Kwesinye isikhathi ubedlala izindima zombili emdlalweni owodwa. Kodwa kancane kancane wenyuka “esitezi esiphezulu”, futhi wacula izingxenye ezimbili ezinkulu - okokuqala i-Onegin, kwase kuba i-Viceroy ku-Operetta Pericola ka-Offenbach.

Umculi odumile ukhumbula njalo ngenjabulo iminyaka yokufunda e-Conservatory, lapho kuhlotshaniswa khona imibono eminingi eyingqayizivele, futhi ukholelwa ngobuqotho ukuthi yena nabangane bakhe bafundiswa othisha abamangalisayo. Abafundi banenhlanhla enkulu yokuba noprofesa ababambe iqhaza. Iminyaka emibili bafundiswa uGeorgy Nikolaevich Guryev, owayengumfundi waseStanislavsky. Khona-ke abafundi babengakaqondi inhlanhla yabo, futhi amakilasi noGuryev abonakala enesithukuthezi kubo. Kuphela manje uSergei Petrovich waqala ukuqaphela ukuthi uthisha omkhulu kangakanani - waba nesineke sokugxilisa kubafundi umuzwa ofanele womzimba wakhe.

Lapho uGurev ethatha umhlalaphansi, indawo yakhe yathathwa yinkosi enkulu u-Alexei Nikolaevich Kireev. Ngeshwa, usheshe washona. U-Kireev wayewuhlobo lothisha umuntu ayengeza kuye ukuze athole iseluleko futhi athole ukusekelwa. Wayehlale ekulungele ukusiza uma okuthile kungaphumeleli, kuhlaziywe ngokuningiliziwe, kukhulume wonke amaphutha, futhi kancane kancane abafundi babe nemiphumela emihle kakhulu. U-Sergei Leiferkus uyaziqhenya ngokuthi ngonyaka wakhe wesi-3 wathola ibanga lonyaka lesihlanu kanye ne-Kireev.

Phakathi kwemisebenzi ye-Conservatory, uLeiferkus ukhumbule ingxenye ye-Sganarelle ku-opera kaGounod ethi Udokotela Ngokumelene Nentando Yakhe. Bekuwumdlalo ohehayo womfundi. Yiqiniso, i-opera yesiFulentshi yaculwa ngesiRashiya. Abafundi empeleni abazange bafunde izilimi zakwamanye amazwe, ngoba babeqiniseka ukuthi ngeke kudingeke bacule ngesiNtaliyane, isiFulentshi noma isiJalimane ekuphileni kwabo. USergey kwadingeka agcwalise lezi zikhala kamuva.

Ngo-February 1970, umfundi owenza unyaka wesi-3 uLeiferkus wanikezwa ukuba abe umculi yedwa eLeningrad Theatre of Musical Comedy. Ngokwemvelo, azikho ezinye izinhlelo, ngaphandle kwenhloso eqinile yokuba umculi we-opera, zavela ekhanda likaSergei, kodwa nokho wasamukela lesi sipho, njengoba ebheka le midlalo njengesikole esihle sasesiteji. Esivivinyweni, wenza ama-arias kanye nezothando eziningana, futhi lapho enikezwa ukucula enye into elula, wacabanga umzuzu ... Futhi wacula ingoma ethandwayo ethi "Inkosi Ekhubazekile" evela ku-repertoire kaVadim Mulerman, yena ngokwakhe. weza nokuhamba okukhethekile. Ngemva kwalokhu ukusebenza, Sergei waba soloist yaseshashalazini.

U-Leiferkus wayenenhlanhla enkulu ngothisha bezwi. Omunye wabo kwaba ohlakaniphile uthisha-methodologist Yuri Alexandrovich Barsov, inhloko yomnyango vocal at the Conservatory. Omunye kwaba baritone ehamba phambili Maly Opera Theatre Sergei Nikolaevich Shaposhnikov. Esiphethweni senkanyezi ye-opera yesikhathi esizayo, amakilasi naye adlala indima enkulu. Kwakuyilo thisha nomculi oqeqeshiwe owasiza u-Sergei Leiferkus ukuthi aqonde ukuthi incazelo yokwakheka kwegumbi elithile liyini. Wasiza kakhulu umculi oyimfundamakhwela emsebenzini wakhe wokuqamba amagama, umbhalo, umbono kanye nokucabanga komsebenzi, wanikeza izeluleko ezibaluleke kakhulu kubuchwepheshe bezwi, ikakhulukazi lapho uLeiferkus esebenza ezinhlelweni zokuncintisana. Ukulungiselela imincintiswano kwasiza umculi ukuba akhule njengomdlali wasegumbini futhi wanquma ukwakheka kwakhe njengomculi wekhonsathi. I-repertoire kaLeiferkus igcine imisebenzi eminingi evela ezinhlelweni ezihlukahlukene zokuncintisana, abuyela kuyo ngenjabulo ngisho namanje.

Umncintiswano wokuqala uSergei Leiferkus adlala kuwo kwakunguMqhudelwano we-V All-Union Glinka eViljus ngo-1971. Lapho umfundi efika endlini kaShaposhnikov futhi ethi ukhethe "Izingoma Zomfundi Ozulazulayo" kaMahler, uthisha akazange avume. ukukhetha, ngoba wayekholelwa ukuthi uSergei wayesemncane kulokhu. U-Shaposhnikov wayeqiniseka ukuthi isipiliyoni sokuphila, ukukhuthazelela ukuhlupheka, okumele kuzwakale ngenhliziyo, kuyadingeka ukuze kugcwaliseke lo mjikelezo. Ngakho-ke, uthisha waveza umbono wokuthi uLeiferkus wayezokwazi ukulicula eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu, hhayi ngaphambili. Kodwa lo mculi osemusha usevele “wagula” ngalo mculo.

Emncintiswaneni, u-Sergei Leiferkus wathola umklomelo wesithathu esigabeni sekamelo (lokhu naphezu kokuthi ezimbili zokuqala azizange zinikezwe muntu nhlobo). Futhi ekuqaleni waya lapho "njenge-spare", ngoba wasebenza enkundleni yemidlalo yaseshashalazini ye-Musical Comedy, futhi lokhu kwashiya umbono othile kuye. Kuphela ngomzuzu wokugcina banquma ukufaka uSergei njengomhlanganyeli oyinhloko.

Lapho uLeiferkus ebuyela ekhaya ngemva komncintiswano, uShaposhnikov, emhalalisela, wathi: “Manje sizoqala umsebenzi wangempela ngoMahler.” U-Kurt Mazur, owafika eLeningrad ukuzoqhuba i-Mravinsky Orchestra, wamema uSergei ukuba acule ku-Philharmonic lutho ngaphandle kwezingoma. Khona-ke uMazur wathi uSergei muhle kakhulu kulo mjikelezo. Kusukela kumbhidisi waseJalimane nomculi waleli klasi, lokhu kwaba udumo olukhulu kakhulu.

Ngo-1972, umfundi owenza unyaka wesi-5 u-S. Leiferkus wamenywa njengomuntu ocula yedwa ku-Academic Maly Opera ne-Ballet Theatre, lapho eminyakeni eyisithupha eyalandela acula khona izingxenye ezingaphezu kuka-20 ze-opera yakudala yomhlaba. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umculi wazama isandla sakhe emincintiswaneni: imiklomelo yesithathu yathathelwa indawo yesibili, futhi, ekugcineni, Grand Prix we X International Vocal Competition eParis kanye umklomelo Grand Opera Theatre (1976).

Ngaso leso sikhathi, ubungane obuhle bokudala baqala nomqambi u-DB Kabalevsky. Iminyaka eminingi uLeiferkus wayengumculi wokuqala wemisebenzi eminingi kaDmitry Borisovich. Futhi umjikelezo wezwi "Izingoma Zenhliziyo Ebuhlungu" wakhululwa ngokuzinikezela kumculi ekhasini lesihloko.

Ngo-1977, umqondisi wezobuciko kanye nomqhubi omkhulu we-Academic Opera ne-Ballet Theatre eqanjwe ngo-SM Kirov u-Yuri Temirkanov wamema u-Sergei Leiferkus ukuba adlale imidlalo ye-War and Peace (Andrey) kanye ne-Dead Souls (Chichikov). Ngaleso sikhathi, Temirkanov wadala iqembu elisha. Kulandela uLeiferkus, u-Yuri Marusin, uValery Lebed, uTatyana Novikova, u-Evgenia Tselovalnik beza enkundleni yemidlalo. Iminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-20, u-SP Leiferkus wayehlala engumzwilili ohamba phambili we-Kirov (manje eyi-Mariinsky) Theatre.

Ukunotha kwezwi kanye nethalente eliyingqayizivele lokulingisa le-SP Leiferkus limvumela ukuthi abambe iqhaza emikhiqizweni ehlukahlukene ye-opera, enze izithombe zasesiteji ezingenakulibaleka. I-repertoire yakhe ihlanganisa izingxenye ze-opera ezingaphezu kuka-40, okuhlanganisa i-Eugene Onegin kaTchaikovsky, iNkosana Igor Borodina, iRuprecht kaProkofiev ("Ingelosi Evuthayo") kanye neNkosana Andrei ("Impi Nokuthula"), uDon Giovanni kaMozart kanye ne-Count ("Umshado kaFigaro". ”), i-Telramund kaWagner (“Lohengrin”). Umculi unaka kakhulu ama-nuances wesitayela nezilimi zemisebenzi eyenziwe, ehlanganisa esiteji izithombe zezinhlamvu ezihlukahlukene ezifana ne-Scarpia ("Tosca"), uGerard ("Andre Chenier"), u-Escamillo ("Carmen"), uZurga ( "Abafuna iPearl"). Isendlalelo esikhethekile sokusungula S. Leiferkus – Verdi opera izithombe: Iago (“Othello”), Macbeth, Simon Boccanegra, Nabucco, Amonasro (“Aida”), Renato (“Masquerade Ball”).

Iminyaka engu-20 yokusebenza esiteji se-Mariinsky Theatre iye yathela izithelo. Le midlalo yaseshashalazini ibilokhu inezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lesiko, amasiko ajulile - ezomculo, zaseshashalazini nezomuntu, isikhathi eside ezaziwa njengezinga.

E-St. Petersburg, u-Sergei Leiferkus wacula enye yezingxenye zakhe zomqhele - u-Eugene Onegin. Ukusebenza okumangalisayo, okumsulwa, umculo odlulisa kahle imizwa nemizwa yabalingisi. "U-Eugene Onegin" wadlala endaweni yomklami oyinhloko wethiyetha u-Igor Ivanov Yu.Kh. Temirkanov, owenza kanyekanye njengomqondisi kanye umqhubi. Kwaba nomuzwa - ngokokuqala ngqa eminyakeni eminingi, ukusebenza kwe-classical repertoire kwaklonyeliswa uMklomelo Wombuso we-USSR.

Ngo-1983, i-Wexford Opera Festival (Ireland) yamema u-S. Leiferkus ukuthi adlale indima yesihloko se-Marquis ku-Massenet's Griselidis, elandelwa ngu-Hans Heiling ka-Marschner, eka-Humperdinck ethi The Royal Children, ekaMassenet ethi The Juggler of Notre Dame.

Ngo-1988, wenza i-debut yakhe eLondon Royal Opera "Covent Garden" emdlalweni othi "Il trovatore", lapho ingxenye kaManrico yenziwa nguPlacido Domingo. Kusukela kulo mdlalo ubungane babo bokudala baqala.

Ngo-1989, lo mculi wamenywa ukuba abambe iqhaza ekukhiqizweni kwe-Queen of Spades kwenye yemikhosi yomculo ehlonishwayo - eGlyndebourne. Kusukela lapho, iGlyndebourne isibe yidolobha alithandayo.

Kusukela ngo-1988 kuze kube manje, u-SP Leiferkus ungumculi ohamba yedwa ohamba phambili neRoyal Opera yaseLondon futhi kusukela ngo-1992 ne-New York Metropolitan Opera, uhlanganyela njalo emikhiqizweni yemidlalo yaseshashalazini edumile yaseYurophu naseMelika, uyisivakashi esamukelekile ezigabeni zaseJapane, China, Australia kanye New Zealand. Unikeza ama-recitals emahholo ekhonsathi ahlonishwayo eNew York, eLondon, e-Amsterdam, eVienna, eMilan, ubamba iqhaza emikhosini e-Edinburgh, Salzburg, Glyndebourne, Tangelwood naseRavinia. Umculi uhlala ecula neBoston, New York, Montreal, Berlin, London Symphony Orchestras, usebenzisana nabaqhubi besikhathi esidlule abanjengoClaudio Abbado, Zubin Mehta, Seiji Ozawa, Yuri Temirkanov, Valery Gergiev, Bernard Haitink, Neeme Järvi, Mstislav Rostropovich. Kurt Masur, uJames Levine.

Namuhla, uLeiferkus angabizwa ngokuphepha ngokuthi ungumculi wendawo yonke - akukho mingcele kuye ku-operatic repertoire noma ekamelweni elilodwa. Mhlawumbe, okwamanje ayikho yesibili "polyfunctional" baritone okwamanje noma eRussia noma emhlabeni opera esiteji. Igama lakhe lilotshwe emlandweni wobuciko obudlalwayo emhlabeni wonke, futhi ngokusho kwezingxenye eziningi ze-opera zikaSergei Petrovich, ama-baritones asemancane afunda ukucula.

Naphezu kokuba matasa kakhulu, u-SP Leiferkus uthola isikhathi sokusebenza nabafundi. Amakilasi ochwepheshe aphindaphindiwe e-Britten-Pearce School, e-Houston, e-Boston, e-Moscow, e-Berlin nase-Covent Garden yase-London - lokhu kukude ne-geography ephelele yemisebenzi yakhe yokufundisa.

USergei Leiferkus akayena nje umculi ohlakaniphile, kodwa futhi waziwa ngethalente lakhe elimangalisayo. Amakhono akhe okusebenza ahlala ephawulwa hhayi kuphela yizilaleli, kodwa futhi nabagxeki, okuthi, njengomthetho, banamathele ngokudumisa. Kodwa ithuluzi eliyinhloko ekudaleni isithombe yizwi lomculi, nge-timbre eyingqayizivele, engalibaleki, angakwazi ngayo ukuveza noma yimiphi imizwelo, imizwa, ukunyakaza komphefumulo. Umculi uhola i-triumvirate ye-baritones yaseRussia eNtshonalanga ngokuphakama (ngaphandle kwakhe kukhona uDmitry Hvorostovsky noVladimir Chernov). Manje igama lakhe alishiyi amaphosta ezinkundleni zemidlalo yaseshashalazini ezinkulu namahholo ekhonsathi emhlabeni: iMetropolitan Opera eNew York naseCovent Garden eLondon, i-Opera Bastille eParis kanye neDeutsche Oper eBerlin, La Scala, eVienna Staatsoper, the I-Colon Theatre eBuenos Aires nabanye abaningi, abaningi.

Ngokusebenzisana nezinkampani ezidumile, lo mculi useqophe amaCD angaphezu kuka-30. Ukuqoshwa kweCD yokuqala yezingoma zikaMussorgsky acula ngayo kwaqokelwa indondo yeGrammy, kwathi ukuqoshwa kweqoqo eliphelele lezingoma zikaMussorgsky (ama-CD ama-4) kwaklonyeliswa ngomklomelo we-Diapason D'or. Ikhathalogi yamavidiyo aqoshiwe ka-S. Leiferkus ihlanganisa ama-opera adlalwa e-Mariinsky Theatre (Eugene Onegin, The Fiery Angel) kanye ne-Covent Garden (Prince Igor, Othello), izinguqulo ezintathu ezihlukene ze-Queen of Spades (i-Mariinsky Theatre, i-Vienna State Opera, Glyndebourne) kanye neNabucco (Bregenz Festival). Imikhiqizo yakamuva yethelevishini ngokubamba iqhaza kuka-Sergei Leiferkus uCarmen noSamson kanye noDelilah (Metropolitan Opera), The Miserly Knight (Glyndebourne), Parsifal (Gran Teatre del Licen, Barcelona).

U-SP Leiferkus - Umculi Wabantu we-RSFSR (1983), owawina uMklomelo Wombuso we-USSR (1985), owawina uMqhudelwano we-V All-Union oqanjwe ngo-MI Glinka (1971), owawina uMqhudelwano Wamazwe Ngamazwe Womculo eBelgrade (1973). ), owazuza indondo yoMqhudelwano Wamazwe Ngamazwe we-Schuman e-Zwickau (1974), wahlomula uMqhudelwano Wamazwe Ngamazwe Wokucula eParis (1976), owahlomula uMqhudelwano Wamazwe Ngamazwe Wokucula e-Ostend (1980).

Umthombo: i-biograph.ru