Ungakhetha kanjani upiyano olusha lwe-acoustic?

Ipiyano ye-acoustic, ikakhulukazi entsha, iyinkomba yendlela yobungcweti ebhizinisini. Sebenzisa okungenani ama-ruble angama-200,000. akuwona wonke umuntu ongadlala insimbi yomculo, futhi yilabo kuphela abaqondayo ukuthi yini abayikhokhelayo.

Yini oyikhokhelayo uma uthenga upiyano olusha lwe-acoustic:

1. Isimo esihle kakhulu sensimbi. Akulula kangako ukuhlola ikhwalithi yepiyano esetshenzisiwe ngokwakho. Uma ufunde isihloko sethu "Indlela yokukhetha upiyano lwe-acoustic esetshenzisiwe?" , bese uyazi ukuthi kungani (futhi uyazi ukuthi kungani ungafanele ukwethembe ishuna!). Lapho uthenga upiyano olusha, akudingekile ukuthi uzifundele amathani ezinto zokwakha, ubukele amahora amaningi wamavidiyo okufundisa… futhi ungaqiniseki ngokukhetha kwakho.
2. Okumangalisa okuncane kakhulu okungajabulisi. Ukuthi insimbi ingashunwa, noma izolahlekelwa umsindo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ezizayo, noma ngabe kudingeka ukulungiswa kabusha okukhulu noma ukubuyisela - yonke le mibuzo inyamalala ngokwayo lapho kuthengwa ipiyano entsha. Ngokuvamile kubiza kakhulu ukulungisa ithuluzi elisetshenzisiwe kunokuthenga elisha.
3. Ngisho nezimanga ezimbalwa. Akekho ovikelekile emonakalweni ofihliwe okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokugcinwa nokusetshenziswa okungalungile. Futhi, insimbi ngayinye inobude bayo bempilo, futhi akekho owaziyo ukuthi le mpilo izophela nini upiyano olusetshenzisiwe. Ngepiyano entsha, yonke into ilula: ihlale iqinisekisiwe.
4. Kulula ukuhlukana. Vumelana ukuthi kulula kakhulu ukuthengisa kabusha upiyano owawungaphambi kwakho ngentsha: wazi kahle ukuthi igcinwe ngaphansi kwaziphi izimo, idlalwa ubani, lapho ithathwe khona.
5. Ukuthumela ngomkhumbi. Izinkinga zokuthutha kanye nokufakwa kwepiyano entsha zizothathwa umthengisi, kuyilapho eqinisekisa ukuphepha kwayo. Endabeni yethuluzi elisetshenzisiwe, wena ngokwakho kuzodingeka ulawule le nqubo, ngoba. Umnikazi wangaphambili ngeke ayibuyisele.

Lapho ukhetha upiyano olusha, naka lokhu:

Indaba. Ikhwalithi yomsindo incike ezintweni lapho umzimba kanye ibhodi yomsindo zenziwa . Ochwepheshe batusa izinkuni eziyigugu: i-beech, i-walnut, i-mahogany. Abaningi kuyavuma izinsimbi zenziwe nge-spruce. Yonke inkampani ezihloniphayo yenza i-deco kusuka ku-spruce. Abacwaningi bangekhulu le-19 bathola ukuthi ijubane lomsindo okhunini lwe-spruce likhulu ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-15 kunelasemoyeni.

Ukuthola isihlahla esifanelekile sopiyano akulula: isihlahla sonwele saseYurophu emi yomculo kufanele sikhule iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu emthambekeni osenyakatho wegquma enhlabathini ekhethekile, ngisho izindandatho okhunini ngaphandle kwanoma yikuphi ukukhubazeka. Ngakho-ke, isihlahla esihle somculo siyabiza, futhi ngaso upiyano ngokwalo.

Ithuluzi design. Umkhiqizi ngamunye unezimfihlo zakhe zokudala upiyano ophelele. Amasiko ongcweti baseJalimane kanye nobuchwepheshe obusha obuhlukile obuthuthukisiwe phakathi namakhulu eminyaka busezingeni eliphezulu. Uma izinga lensimbi liphakeme, umsebenzi owengeziwe wenziwa ngesandla, isibonelo, ukwakhiwa kwepiyano ye-premium kudinga umsebenzi wezandla ofika ku-90%. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, mass more and okwenziwe ngomshini ukukhiqiza, izinga eliphansi kanye nezindleko.

Uhlelo. Kukholakala ukuthi uma inkampani ikhiqiza amamodeli amaningi, amamodeli ngokwawo angcono.

Isilinganiso senani lekhwalithi. Ipiyano enhle yaseJalimane ingatholakala ngemali enhle kakhulu, noma ngentengo ethengekayo. Ku the Okwesibili, inkampani izoba yi-stellar, kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi ithuluzi lizoba ngaphansi kakhulu ngekhwalithi.

Amavolumu okuthengisa. Qhathanisa izinkampani ezingaphakathi kwebanga lamanani akho: izimboni eziningi zase-Europe sezisebenzisana nozakwethu baseShayina kanye namapiyano akhiqiza ngobuningi bezinga lomthengi. Impela, lawa mathuluzi awaqhathanisi nokukhiqizwa kweziqephu zezinga eliphezulu, kungaba ngekhwalithi noma ngenani lamamodeli athengisiwe.

Ipiyano iyinsimbi ebizayo, idinga umsebenzi onzima nomsebenzi omuhle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhwalithi ayixhomekile kuphela ezintweni zokwakha, kodwa futhi nobuchwepheshe obukhethekile obuye bathuthukiswa futhi bapholishwa ngabadwebi abahamba phambili amakhulu eminyaka. Ngakho-ke, amasiko nobungcweti baziswa ikakhulukazi, bona ngokwabo bafana nobuciko. Ngakho-ke ukuhlukaniswa:

Ikilasi le-Premium

Amapiyano aphambili - izinsimbi ezisezingeni eliphezulu - ahlala iminyaka eyikhulu noma ngaphezulu. Zenziwa cishe ngesandla: ezingaphezu kuka-90% zenziwe ngezandla zomuntu. Izinsimbi ezinjalo zikhiqizwa izingcezu ngesiqephu: lokhu kuqinisekisa ukwethembeka kwensimbi kanye namakhono amahle kakhulu mayelana nokukhipha umsindo.

Okugqama kakhulu kukhona Steinway & Amadodana (Germany, USA), C.Bechstein (Germany) – upiyano olunomlando omude ocebile namasiko amadala. Amapiyano amakhulu ale mikhiqizo ahlobisa izigaba ezihamba phambili zomhlaba. Amapiyano awekho ezingeni eliphansi “kubafowabo abakhulu” bawo.

I-Steinway & Amadodana idume ngomsindo wayo ocebile, ocebile, nobuchwepheshe obunamalungelo obunikazi obungaphezu kwe-120, obunye babo obuhlanganisa izindonga ezisemaceleni zibe isakhiwo esisodwa.

Isithombe ngu-C.Bechstein upiyano 

C.Bechstein, ku ngokuphambene, uzuza izinhliziyo ngezwi elithambile lomphefumulo. Yakhethwa ongcweti abanjengoFranz Liszt noClaude Debussy, beqiniseka ukuthi uC.Bechstein kuphela owayengaqamba umculo. ERussia, leli thuluzi lalithandwa ngokukhethekile, ngisho nenkulumo ethi "dlala i-Bechsteins" yaqala ukusetshenziswa.

UMason & Hamlin enye inkampani ekhiqiza amapiyano amakhulu aphezulu kanye namapiyano aqondile (USA). Kwaziwa ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha ekwakhiweni kwedekhi. I-soundboard igcina isimo sayo - futhi, ngokufanele, eyasekuqaleni ukuzwela - ngenxa yokuthi amabha kagesi enziwe ngensimbi engaguquki amise okwefeni ngaphansi kwebhodi lomsindo (kupiyano - kuhlaka), ashunwe uchwepheshe efektri - futhi abambe isikhundla sawo unomphela, kungakhathaliseki ubudala nezimo zezulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, upiyano lungasetshenziswa iminyaka eminingi ngaphandle kokuyekethisa izimfanelo zokudlala ze indlela kanye ne-soundboard.

Ipiyano nepiyano enkulu  I-Bösendorfer

I-Austrian I-Bösendorfer kwenza umzimba ovela ku-spruce waseBavaria, yingakho umsindo ocebile, ojulile. Ngekhulu le-19, inkampani yayingumphakeli osemthethweni wamapiyano amakhulu enkantolo yase-Austria. Futhi namuhla ayivelele kuphela ngekhwalithi yayo, kodwa futhi nangezinsimbi zayo eziyingqayizivele ezinokhiye abangu-92 no-97 esikhundleni se-88 evamile (enezinkinobho ezincane ezengeziwe. ) . Ngo-2007, u-Yamaha wathatha inkampani, kodwa amapiyano ayaqhubeka nokukhiqizwa ngaphansi komkhiqizo we-Bösendorfer: I-Yamaha ayiphazamisi inqubo yokukhiqiza.

Piano  Steingraeber & Sohne

Ipiyano yenkampani yaseJalimane ngempela USteingraeber noSöhne alikho ngaphansi kwezimfanelo zalo zomculo kwamanye amapiyano amahle ngakho-ke livame ukusetshenziswa ngisho nasesiteji. Isibonelo, i-Festival Theatre yaseBayreuth (indawo yokuzalwa upiyano) ibisebenzisa imodeli ye-122 abaningi iminyaka . Kusukela ngo-1867, inkampani ibiyibhizinisi lomndeni futhi ibikhiqiza amapiyano aphambili (indondo yePiyano Engcono Kakhulu Emhlabeni) kuma-oda angawodwana efektri yaseBayreuth. Akukho ukukhiqizwa kwe-serial, amafekthri aseShayina nokunye okuwumbhedo. Konke kubucayi ngesiJalimane.

izinga eliphezulu

Lapho udala upiyano lwezinga eliphezulu, izingcweti zithathelwa indawo amathuluzi omshini anokulawula izinombolo. Ngale ndlela, isikhathi sigcinwa kuze kufike ezinyangeni ezingu-6-10, nakuba ukukhiqizwa kusasele kancane. Amathuluzi asebenza ngokwethembeka kusukela eminyakeni engama-30 kuye kwengama-50.

Blüthner amaphiyano angempela aseJalimane aqondile enziwe eLeipzig. Ngama-60s wekhulu le-19, u-Blüthner uhlinzeke ngamapiyano namapiyano ezinkantolo zeNdlovukazi u-Victoria, uMbusi waseJalimane, u-Sultan waseTurkey, i-Russian Tsar kanye neNkosi yaseSaxony. Ngo-1867 wathola umklomelo oyinhloko eParis International Exhibition. U-Blutner wayephethwe ngu: Claude Debussy, Dodi Smith, Max Reger, Richard Wagner, Strauss, Dmitri Shostakovich. UPyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky uthe iBlutner iphelele. USergei Rachmaninov wabhala encwadini yakhe yesikhumbuzo: “Zimbili kuphela izinto engahamba nazo lapho ngiya eMelika... umkami kanye noBlutner wami oyigugu.”

Rachmaninoff kanye neyakhe  Ipiyano ye-Blüthner

I-Seiler , umkhiqizi wopiyano omkhulu kunawo wonke eYurophu, wahlehlela emuva ngo-1849. Ngaleso sikhathi, u-Eduard Seiler wenza upiyano lwakhe lokuqala edolobheni laseLiegnitz (indawo esempumalanga yeJalimane kwaze kwaba ngu-1945). Kakade ngo-1872, i-Seiler piano yaklonyeliswa ngendondo yegolide eMoscow ngomsindo wayo omuhle kakhulu. Ngale mpumelelo eMoscow, intuthuko esheshayo yenkampani iqala. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, iSeiler yayisiyifektri yepiyano enkulu kunazo zonke eMpumalanga Jalimane.

Upiyano noPiyano  I-Seiler

AmaFulentshi I-Pleyel  kubizwa "I-Ferrari phakathi kwamapiyano" . Ukukhiqizwa kwasungulwa umqambi wase-Austria u-IJ Pleyel ngo-1807. Futhi ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, ifektri yayisingumkhiqizi wepiyano omkhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni. Manje intengo yalawa mapiyano iyahlukahluka kusuka ku-42,000 kuya ku-200,000 euros. Kodwa ngo-2013, ukukhiqizwa kwePleyel entsha kwavalwa ngenxa yokungabi nanzuzo.

I-Pleyel Chopin

Isigaba esiphakathi

Amapiyano esigaba esiphakathi enziwa ngokushesha nakakhulu - ezinyangeni ezingu-4-5, futhi ngokushesha ochungechungeni (hhayi ngama-oda ngamanye); sebenza cishe iminyaka eyi-15.

Zimmermann . Lawa mapiyano akhiqizwa efektri yase-Bechstein kusetshenziswa amasu afanayo asetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni amapiyano amakhulu e-Bechstein. Izingxenye zepiyano zenziwe ngezinto ezikhethiwe ngokukhethekile, zicutshungulwe ngokucophelela futhi zixhunywe kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obuphezulu. Yingakho amapiyano e-Zimmermann enomsindo oshelelayo, ocacile kukho konke amarejista .

Agasti Förster evela eMpumalanga Jalimane, lapho u-Giacomo Puccini abhala khona ama-opera i-Tosca ne-Madama Butterfly. Imboni eyinhloko itholakala edolobheni laseLöbau (eJalimane), ngekhulu lama-20 kwavulwa inkampani engaphansi kweJiříkov (Czech Republic). Amakhosi we  Agasti Förster  balungele ukuzama nokumangala ngezinsimbi zabo. Ngakho-ke ngo-1928, upiyano olusha lwethoni yekota (kanye nopiyano olukhulu) lwenzelwe umqambi waseRussia u-I. Vyshnegradsky: umklamo wawuhlanganisa ezimbili. izindlela , ngayinye eyayinohlaka lwalo, ibhodi lomsindo nezintambo. Eyodwa indlela yashunwa ithoni yesine ephakeme kunomunye - ukwenza imisebenzi emangalisayo yeVyshnegradsky.

Upiyano olukhulu lwethoni yekota nepiyano  Agasti Förster

Inkampani yaseJalimane UGrotrian-Steinweg yasungulwa ngumuntu oyedwa noSteinway & Sons eMelika, uHenry Steinway (owaziwa ngaphambi kokufudukela e-USA ngaphansi kwegama elithi Heinrich Steinweg). Khona-ke umlingani wakhe uGrotrian wathenga ifektri futhi washiyela amadodana akhe: “Bafo, yenzani izinsimbi ezinhle, okusele kuzofika.” Yile ndlela uhlaka olusha olumise okwenkanyezi kanye nokunye ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe okwadalwa ngayo. Kusukela ngo-2015, inkampani ibisebenzisana nenkampani yaseShayina iParsons Music Group.

Piano  UGrotrian-Steinweg

W. Steinberg izinsimbi , owazalwa e-Thuringia eminyakeni engu-135 edlule, zisakwenziwa eJalimane. Upiyano lwe-W.Steinberg luqukethe izingxenye ezingaphezu kuka-6000, ezingu-60% zazo zenziwe ngokhuni, okubala a ibhodi yomsindo eyenziwe nge-spruce yase-Alaska. I-soundboard , umphefumulo wepiyano, udlula ochungechungeni lokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi ngokucophelela, okuholela emsindweni ogqamile futhi ocebile. Ukwethembeka eminyakeni engu-135 yesiko nobuchwepheshe besimanje kwenza lezi zinsimbi zipholile ngempela.

Piano  W.Steinberg

Abakhiqizi bamapiyano aseJalimane Ukugxuma beka umsindo phambili, ngakho kuze kube manje, njengeminyaka engu-200 edlule, izingxenye eziyinhloko ezidala umphefumulo wepiyano zenziwe ngesandla.

Amapiyano aseJalimane athengiswa kakhulu phakathi nekhulu lama-20 Schimmel . Manje kunwetshiwe umugqa wamapiyano amakhulu namapiyano. Ngokwesigaba esiphakathi, amapiyano ochungechunge "lwamazwe ngamazwe" akhiqizwa: umklamo olula osekelwe ochungechungeni olubiza kakhulu lwe-"Classic", izingxenye ezibalulekile zenziwa eJalimane.

Igama elimnandi lesiRashiya linikezwa amapiyano aseCzech I-Petrof , esiye sahlonishwa emhlabeni wonke: UPetrof usethole izindondo zegolide kaningi emibukisweni ehlonishwayo yaseYurophu. I-Petrof ivame kakhulu ezikhungweni zemfundo zaseRussia: mhlawumbe asikho isikole esisodwa somculo ngaphandle kwepiyano evela kulo mkhiqizi.

Ipiyano enkulu nepiyano I-Petrof

Ukuncintisana okufanelekile kwamaJalimane ekwenzeni amapiyano kwakhiwe yi- Yamaha ukukhathazeka . U-Yamaha ungumholi owaziwayo ezimbonini eziningi, okubala amapiyano acoustic. UThorakusu Yamaha waqala ukukhuphuka kahle ngezinsimbi zomculo. Kuze kube namuhla, amapiyano esigaba sokuqala se-Yamaha ahlanganisa amazinga aphezulu kakhulu ekhwalithi nobuhle. Ipiyano ngayinye yakhiwe ngobuchwepheshe bendabuko be-Yamaha, kusetshenziswa onjiniyela nabaklami bakamuva be-Yamaha.
Amapiyano amakhulu e-Yamaha aphakathi kweziphakeme kakhulu emhlabeni. Kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obufanayo ekukhiqizeni amapiyano. Izimboni zaseYamaha zitholakala eJapan, eKokegawa, lapho kwenziwa khona amamodeli abiza kakhulu, nase-Indonesia (amamodeli ekilasi labathengi).

Kulungile upiyano 

isigaba sabathengi

Ukusuka eJalimane kuya empumalanga, kancane kancane sishiya indawo yobuciko bepiyano ephezulu futhi siqhubekela kumamodeli ekilasi labathengi. Inomkhawulo wentengo ephansi wama-ruble angu-200,000, ngakho-ke uma kuqhathaniswa nezinsimbi zedijithali, lawa mapiyano asalokhu engumdondoshiya wekhono lomculo.

Kuthatha izinyanga ezingu-3-4 ukwenza upiyano olunjalo; izinsimbi zisebenza iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi. Ukukhiqiza kuyazenzakalela ngangokunokwenzeka, ngakho-ke ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi. Lawa ma piano afaka:

Amapiyano aseNingizimu Korea kanye Samick upiyano . Ngo-1980, umpetha wopiyano ovelele uKlais Fenner (Germany) waqala ukusebenza eSamick. Ngaphansi komkhiqizo wayo, uSamick ukhiqiza amapiyano enziwe ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zokhuni, kanye nohlu olukhulu lwamapiyano ngaphansi kwemikhiqizo: Samick , Pramberger, Wm. Knabe & Co., Kohler & Campbell kanye noGebrüder Schulze. Ukukhiqizwa okuyinhloko kutholakala e-Indonesia. Izinsimbi eziningi zisebenzisa izintambo ze-Roslau (eJalimane).

Ipiyano nepiyano enkulu Weber

Ukukhathazeka kwaseNingizimu Korea UChang osemncane kukhiqiza Weber upiyano . Yasungulwa ngo-1852 eBavaria, i-Weber yathengwa amaKorea phakathi nekhulu lama-20. Ngakho-ke, manje amathuluzi we-Weber, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokwesiko isiJalimane, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ayathengeka, ngoba. ekhiqizwa eChina, lapho uYoung Chang akhe khona imboni yakhe entsha.

Kawai I-Corporation, eyasungulwa ngo-1927 eJapane, ingomunye wabaholi abahamba phambili ekukhiqizweni kwamapiyano namapiyano amakhulu. Shigeru Kawai amapiyano amakhulu ekhonsathi aqhudelana namapiyano amakhulu we-premium. Le nkampani isungule ukukhiqizwa eJapan, Indonesia naseChina. Uma ithuluzi lenziwa eJapane kusukela ekuqaleni kuya ekugcineni, liwela eqenjini lezinsimbi eziphezulu. Athengeka kakhulu amapiyano e-Indonesian noma e-Chinese (ngisho nezingxenye zesi-Japanese).

Amapiyano namapiyano amakhulu  I-Ritmuller

I-Ritmuller amapiyano , eziye zaba khona kusukela ngo-1795, zidume ngokuzibophezela kwazo emasikweni aseYurophu ezingcweti zomculo. Mayelana nokwakhiwa, bahlukaniswa nge-double deck, okwenza umsindo ufudumale futhi ucebile (eyaziwa kithi manje ngokuthi "I-Euro Sound"). Ngemuva kokuhlanganiswa nomkhiqizi omkhulu wezinsimbi zomculo waseShayina, I-Pearl River , bakwazi ukukhulisa umthamo wokukhiqiza nokwenza amapiyano athengekayo ngenkathi begcina amasiko ongcweti baseYurophu.

I-Pearl River nayo ikhiqiza amapiyano ayo, isebenzisa ezinye izingxenye zesiJalimane, okubala Roslau izintambo kanye I-Ritmuller isenzo.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwekhwalithi yaseYurophu namandla aseShayina kwanikeza umthengi omkhulu amapiyano anjalo Brodmann (inkampani enomlando wamakhulu amabili eminyaka, i-Austria-China), I-Irmler (ikhwalithi evela e-Blüthner, Germany-China), Vogel (nge I-Shimmel mechanics, Poland-China), Bohemia ( imuncwe nguC. Bechstein, Czech Republic-China) nabanye.

Lapho ukhetha upiyano, nakanjani uzohlangabezana nedatha esekelwe kuphela kulokho okuthandwa nguwe kanye nezintandokazi zakho. Lokhu kujwayelekile kwezobuciko. Kukhona ongoti abathethisa kakhulu amapiyano amasha aseShayina, kukhona ababiza izinsimbi ezisetshenzisiwe ngokuthi yi-junk kanye “nezinkuni”. Ngakho-ke, funda imakethe, gxila ezidingweni zakho namathuba, lalela izinsimbi futhi uzethembe ngokwengeziwe.

Umbhali Elena Voronova

Khetha upiyano lwe-acoustic esitolo se-inthanethi "Umfundi"