I-Koto: incazelo yensimbi, ukwakheka, umlando, izinhlobo, ukusetshenziswa, indlela yokudlala

E-Japan, i-kotoni yensimbi eyingqayizivele isetshenziswe kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Amanye amagama ayo asendulo anjalo, noma i-zither yaseJapane. Isiko lokudlala i-koto libuyela emlandweni womndeni odumile waseJapane uFujiwara.

Yini i-koto

Kukholakala ukuthi insimbi yomculo yamukelwa amaJapane avela emasikweni aseShayina, ane-qin efanayo. I-Koto iyinsimbi kazwelonke edumile yaseJapane. Ngokuvamile umculo uhambisana nokudlalwa komtshingo we- shakuhachi, isigqi sisekelwa izigubhu ze-tsuzumi.

Kukhona amathuluzi afanayo emasikweni ahlukene omhlaba. E-Korea, badlala i-komungo endala, eVietnam, i-danchan idumile. Izihlobo ezikude zihlanganisa i-kantele ehlutshiwe yaseFinland kanye ne-gusli yendabuko yamaSlavic.

Idivayisi yethuluzi

Isikhathi eside sikhona, umklamo awukashintshi ngempela. I-Paulownia, isihlahla esivame kakhulu empumalanga, sisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza. Iwukhuni lwezinga eliphezulu nekhono lomqophi elinquma ubuhle bekoto yaseJapane. Indawo ngokuvamile ayihlotshiswa ngemihlobiso eyengeziwe.

Ubude bufinyelela ku-190 cm, ideskithophu ngokuvamile i-24 cm ububanzi. Ithuluzi likhulu impela futhi linesisindo esibucayi. Izinhlobo eziningi zibekwe phansi, kodwa ezinye zingangena emadolweni akho.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi amaJapane ahlobanisa i-deku nezinganekwane ezingokwesiko nezinkolelo zenkolo, ngaleyo ndlela ayinikeza opopayi. I-Deca ifaniswa nodrako olele ogwini. Cishe zonke izingxenye zinegama lazo: phezulu kuhlotshaniswa negobolondo likadrako, phansi nesisu.

Izintambo zinegama eliyingqayizivele. Izintambo zokuqala zibalwa ngokulandelana, izintambo ezintathu zokugcina ziqanjwe izimfanelo ezivela ezimfundisweni zamaConfucian. Ezikhathini zasendulo, izintambo zazenziwe ngosilika, manje abaculi badlala inayiloni noma i-polyester-viscose.

Izimbobo zenziwe emphemeni, ngenxa yazo kulula ukushintsha izintambo, i-resonance yomsindo iyathuthuka. Ukuma kwabo kuncike ohlotsheni lwe-koto.

Ukuze kukhishwe umsindo, kusetshenziswa ama-tsume akhethekile avela ebambeni lendlovu. Imilomo ifakwa eminweni. Ngosizo lwabo, kukhishwe umsindo ocebile futhi onamanzi.

Umlando

Ivela eChina ngesikhathi seNara, leli thuluzi lathola ukuthandwa ngokushesha phakathi kwezicukuthwane zaseJapan. Isici somculo we-gagaku odlalwa ama-orchestra asesigodlweni. Kungani ama-qixianqin aseShayina athola incwadi ethi "koto" ngesiJapane akwaziwa ngokuqinisekile.

Kancane kancane, yasakazeka futhi yaba isibopho sokufunda emindenini yezicukuthwane. Yayidume kakhulu enkathini ye-Heian, iba yindlela yokuzijabulisa nokuzilibazisa emphakathini waseJapane ophakeme. Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, leli thuluzi liye lasakazwa kabanzi futhi lidumile. Kwavela imisebenzi yokuqala eyayingabhalelwa ukusebenza kwenkantolo.

Esikhathini esilandelayo se-Edo, izitayela ezihlukahlukene nezinhlobo zokudlala zazalwa. Ngokwesitayela esiphezulu senkantolo, i-sokyoku, imisebenzi yahlukaniswa yaba izigaba ezincane - i-tsukushi, ehloselwe ukusebenza emibuthanweni yezicukuthwane, kanye ne-zoso, umculo wezimfundamakhwela nabantu abavamile. Abaculi bafunda amasu ezikoleni ezintathu eziyinhloko zokudlala i-zither yaseJapane: izikole ze-Ikuta, i-Yamada ne-Yatsuhashi.

Ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, uhlobo lwe-sankyoku lwaduma. Umculo wenziwa ngezinsimbi ezintathu: koto, shamisen, shakuhachi. Abaculi bavame ukuzama ukuhlanganisa i-zither yaseJapane nezinsimbi zesimanje zaseNtshonalanga.

izinhlobonhlobo

Izinhlobo zivame ukunqunywa izici zangaphandle: ukuma kwedekhi, izimbobo, i-tsume. Ukuhlukaniswa kubheka ukuthi insimbi isetshenziswe kuphi izinhlobo zomculo noma zezikole.

Phakathi nohlobo lwasendulo lwe-gagaku, uhlobo lwe-gakuso lwalusetshenziswa; ubude bayo bufinyelela ku-190 cm. Ohlotsheni lwendabuko lwakudala lwe-sokyoku, oselucishe lwanyamalala esikhathini sethu, kwasetshenziswa izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: i-tsukushi ne-zoso.

Ngokusekelwe ku-zoso, i-koto ye-Ikuta kanye ne-koto ka-Yamada (edalwe ngekhulu leshumi nesikhombisa ngabaculi u-Ikuta no-Yamada Kangyo, ngokulandelanayo). I-koto ye-Ikuta ngokuvamile yayinebhodi lomsindo elingu-177 cm ubude, i-koto ye-Yamada ifinyelela ku-182 cm futhi inomsindo obanzi.

I-Shinsō, izinhlobonhlobo zesimanje ze-koto, zasungulwa umculi onethalente uMichio Miyagi ngekhulu lamashumi amabili. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko: 80-string, 17-string, tanso (kototi emfushane).

Ukusebenzisa

I-zither yaseJapane isetshenziswa kokubili ezikoleni zendabuko kanye nezinhlobo kanye nomculo wesimanje. Abaculi bafunda ezikoleni ezihamba phambili ezidlalayo - i-Ikuta-ryu ne-Yamada-ryu. I-zither ihlanganiswe nezinsimbi zendabuko nezesimanje.

Okuvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu yizintambo ezingu-17 kanye nekotoni emfushane. Umklamo wabo unemingcele enzima kakhulu, ngokungafani nezinye. Izinsimbi zihamba kalula futhi zithuthwe, futhi i-tanso ingabekwa ngisho nasemathangeni akho.

Dlala indlela

Ngokuya ngohlobo nesikole, umculi uhlala enqunu noma ezithendeni zakhe ensimbini. Asiphakamise idolo elilodwa. Umzimba womzimba ubekwe nge-engeli elungile noma nge-diagonally. Emakhonsathi asemahholo esimanje, ikoto ibekwe endaweni yokumisa, umculi uhlala ebhentshini.

Amabhuloho - i-kotoji - ashunwe kusengaphambili ukuze akhe okhiye abafunekayo. I-Kotoji yenziwe ngezinyo lendlovu. Umsindo ukhishwa ngosizo lwamabhomu angaphezulu - tsume.