Arcangelo Corelli (Arcangelo Corelli) |

U-Arcangelo Corelli

Umsebenzi womqambi ovelele wase-Italy nomshayi wevayolini u-A. Corelli ube nomthelela omkhulu emculweni wezinsimbi wase-Europe wasekupheleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX - ingxenye yokuqala yekhulu lesi-XNUMX, uthathwa ngokufanelekile njengomsunguli wesikole sevayolini sase-Italy. Abaningi babaqambi abakhulu benkathi elandelayo, okuhlanganisa u-JS Bach no-GF Handel, izingoma eziqanjwe izinsimbi zika-Corelli zaziziswa kakhulu. Wazibonakalisa hhayi nje umqambi kanye violinist emangalisayo, kodwa futhi njengoba uthisha (Corelli School has a galaxy of masters brilliant) kanye umqhubi (wayengumholi ensembles ahlukahlukene instrumental). I-Creativity Corelli nemisebenzi yakhe eyahlukene ivule ikhasi elisha emlandweni womculo nezinhlobo zomculo.

Kuncane okwaziwayo ngempilo kaCorelli esemncane. Wathola izifundo zakhe zokuqala zomculo kumfundisi. Ngemva kokushintsha othisha abambalwa, uCorelli ekugcineni ugcina e-Bologna. Leli dolobha laliyindawo okwazalelwa kuyo inqwaba yabaqambi baseNtaliyane abaphawulekayo, futhi ukuhlala lapho kwaba nethonya elinamandla esiphethoni esizayo somculi osemusha. E-Bologna, u-Corelli ufunda ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukathisha odumile u-J. Benvenuti. Iqiniso lokuthi kakade ebusheni bakhe uCorelli wazuza impumelelo evelele emkhakheni wokudlala i-violin kufakazelwa ukuthi ngo-1670, eneminyaka engu-17 ubudala, wangeniswa e-Bologna Academy edumile. Ngawo-1670 uCorelli uthuthela eRoma. Lapha udlala ku-orchestral ehlukahlukene kanye ne-chamber ensembles, uqondisa amanye ama-ensembles, futhi uba yi-bandmaster yesonto. Kuyaziwa ngezincwadi zikaCorelli ukuthi ngo-1679 wangena enkonzweni yeNdlovukazi uChristina waseSweden. Njengomculi we-orchestra, ubuye abambe iqhaza ekuqambeni - ukuqamba ama-sonatas for patroness yakhe. Umsebenzi wokuqala kaCorelli (i-12 yesonto trio sonatas) yavela ngo-1681. Maphakathi nawo-1680. UCorelli wangena enkonzweni kaKhadinali waseRoma uP. Ottoboni, lapho ahlala khona kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe. Ngemva kuka-1708, wayeka ukukhuluma esidlangalaleni futhi wagxilisa wonke amandla akhe ekudaleni.

Izingoma zikaCorelli zimbalwa uma kuqhathaniswa: ngo-1685, kulandela i-opus yokuqala, i-chamber trio sonatas op yakhe. 2, ngo-1689 - 12 isonto lesonto le-sonatas op. 3, ngo-1694 - i-chamber trio sonatas op. 4, ngo-1700 - i-chamber trio sonatas op. 5. Ekugcineni, ngo-1714, ngemva kokufa kukaCorelli, i-concerti grossi op yakhe. yanyatheliswa e-Amsterdam. 6. Lawa maqoqo, kanye nemidlalo embalwa ngayinye, akha ifa lika-Corelli. Izingoma zakhe zihloselwe izinsimbi zezintambo eziboshiwe (i-violin, i-viola da gamba) enehabhu noma isitho njengezinsimbi ezihambisana nayo.

I-Creativity Corelli ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezi-2 eziphambili: i-sonatas namakhonsathi. Kwakusemisebenzini kaCorelli lapho uhlobo lwe-sonata lwakhiwa ngendlela oluyisici senkathi yangaphambi kweklasikhi. Ama-sonata kaCorelli ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu ama-2: isonto negumbi. Zihluke kokubili ekubunjweni kwabadlali (isitho sihambisana ne-sonata yesonto, i-harpsichord ku-sonata yekamelo), futhi ngokuqukethwe (i-sonata yesonto ihlukaniswa ngokuqina kwayo nokujula kokuqukethwe, igumbi elilodwa liseduze umdanso suite). Ukwakhiwa kwezinsimbi okwaqanjwa ngakho ama-sonata anjalo kuhlanganisa amazwi omculo angu-2 (amaviyolini angu-2) kanye nokuhambisana (i-organ, harpsichord, viola da gamba). Kungakho zibizwa ngama-trio sonatas.

Amakhonsathi kaCorelli nawo abe yinto evelele kulolu hlobo. Uhlobo lwekhonsathi grosso lwalukhona kudala ngaphambi kukaCorelli. Wayengomunye wabanduleli bomculo we-symphonic. Umqondo walolu hlobo wawuwuhlobo lomncintiswano phakathi kweqembu lezinsimbi zomculo ezizimele (kumakhonsathi kaCorelli le ndima idlalwa ama-violin ama-2 kanye ne-cello) ne-orchestra: ngakho-ke ikhonsathi yakhiwa njengendlela yokushintshanisa i-solo ne-tutti. Amakhonsathi kaCorelli ayi-12, abhalwe eminyakeni yokugcina yempilo yomqambi, aba ngelinye lamakhasi agqama kakhulu emculweni wezinsimbi ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX. Mhlawumbe kusewumsebenzi owaziwa kakhulu weCorelli.

A. Pilgun

I-violin iyinsimbi yomculo yendabuko yezwe. Wazalwa cishe ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX futhi isikhathi eside ekhona phakathi kwabantu kuphela. “Ukusetshenziswa kabanzi kwevayolini empilweni yabantu kuboniswa ngokucacile yimidwebo eminingi kanye nokuqoshwa kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX. Amacebo abo: i-violin ne-cello ezandleni zabaculi abazulazulayo, abadlali be-violin basemaphandleni, abantu abahlekisayo emibukisweni nasezigcawini, emikhosini nasemidansoni, ezindaweni zokucima ukoma nasezindaweni zokucima ukoma. Ivayolini yaze yavusa isimo sengqondo sokuyidelela: “Uhlangana nabantu abambalwa abayisebenzisayo, ngaphandle kwalabo abaphila ngomsebenzi wabo. Isetshenziselwa ukudansa emishadweni, kumasquerade, ”kubhala uPhilibert Iron Leg, umculi waseFrance nososayensi engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lesi-XNUMX.

Umbono odelelayo wevayolini njengethuluzi elivamile elivamile elivamile ubonakala ezisho nezisho eziningi. NgesiFulentshi, igama elithi violon (violin) lisasetshenziswa njengesiqalekiso, igama lomuntu ongenamsebenzi, oyisiwula; ngesiNgisi, ivayolini ibizwa ngokuthi i-fiddle, kanti umdlali wevayolini ubizwa ngokuthi i-fiddler; ngesikhathi esifanayo, lezi zinkulumo zinencazelo engcolile: isenzo esithi fiddlefaddle sisho - ukukhuluma ngeze, ukuxoxa; fiddlingmann ihumusha ngokuthi isela.

Ngobuciko bomdabu, kwakukhona izingcweti ezinkulu phakathi kwabaculi abazulazulayo, kodwa umlando awuzange ulondoloze amagama abo. Umshayi wevayolini wokuqala esimaziyo kwakunguBattista Giacomelli. Uhlale engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lesi-XNUMX futhi wajabulela udumo olumangalisayo. Abantu besikhathi sakhe bamane bambiza ngokuthi i-violino.

Izikole ezinkulu ze-violin zavela ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX e-Italy. Zakhiwa kancane kancane futhi zazihlotshaniswa nezikhungo ezimbili zomculo zaleli zwe - iVenice neBologna.

I-Venice, i-republic yezohwebo, sekuyisikhathi eside iphila impilo yasedolobheni enomsindo. Bekukhona amathiyetha avuliwe. Ama-carnivals anemibala ahlelwe ezigcawini ngokuhlanganyela kwabantu abavamile, abaculi abahambahambayo babonisa ubuciko babo futhi babevame ukumenywa ezindlini zama-patrician. I-violin yaqala ukuqashelwa futhi yakhethwa ngisho nezinye izinsimbi. Kwakuzwakala kukuhle kakhulu emakamelweni etiyetha, kanye nasemaholidini kazwelonke; yayihluke kakhulu ku-viola emnandi kodwa ethule ngokunotha, ubuhle nokugcwala kwe-timbre, yayizwakala kahle iyedwa nakwi-orchestra.

Isikole saseVenetian saqala ukwakheka eshumini lesibili lekhulu le-1629. Emsebenzini wekhanda lakhe, i-Biagio Marini, izisekelo zohlobo lwe-violin ye-sonata ye-solo zabekwa. Abamele isikole saseVenice babesondelene nobuciko bomdabu, besebenzisa ngokuzithandela ekuqambeni kwabo amasu okudlala i-violinists yabantu. Ngakho-ke, u-Biagio Marini wabhala (XNUMX) "i-Ritornello quinto" yamaviolin amabili ne-quitaron (okungukuthi i-bass lute), okusikhumbuza umculo womdanso wesintu, futhi uCarlo Farina ku-"Capriccio Stravagante" wasebenzisa imiphumela ehlukahlukene ye-onomatopoeic, eyiboleka kumkhuba wokuzulazula. abaculi . E-Capriccio, i-violin ilingisa ukukhonkotha kwezinja, ukukhonkotha kwamakati, ukukhala kweqhude, ukukhala kwenkukhu, ukukhala kwamasosha ahambayo, njll.

I-Bologna yayiyisikhungo esingokomoya sase-Italy, isikhungo sesayensi nezobuciko, idolobha lezikole. E-Bologna yekhulu lesi-XNUMX, ithonya lemibono yobuntu belisazwakala, amasiko eRenaissance engasekho ayephila, ngakho-ke isikole se-violin esakhiwa lapha sasihluke kakhulu kweseVenetian. I-Bolognese yayifuna ukunikeza ukuzwakalisa kwezwi emculweni wezinsimbi, ngoba izwi lomuntu lalibhekwa njengento ephakeme kakhulu. Ivayolini kwakufanele icule, ifaniswe ne-soprano, ngisho nerejista yayo yayilinganiselwe ezindaweni ezintathu, okungukuthi, uhla lwezwi eliphakeme labesifazane.

Isikole se-violin sase-Bologna sasihlanganisa abadlali be-violin abaningi abavelele - D. Torelli, J.-B. Bassani, J.-B. Vitali. Umsebenzi wabo nekhono labo kwalungiselela leso sitayela esiqinile, esihle, esidabukisayo, esathola ukubonakaliswa kwayo okuphezulu kakhulu emsebenzini ka-Arcangelo Corelli.

U-Corelli… Imuphi kubadlali bevayolini ongalazi leli gama! Abafundi abancane bezikole zomculo nasemakolishi bafunda i-sonatas yakhe, kanti i-Concerti grossi yakhe yenziwa emahholo omphakathi we-philharmonic ngamakhosi adumile. Ngo-1953, umhlaba wonke wagubha iminyaka engu-300 yokuzalwa kukaCorelli, ehlanganisa umsebenzi wakhe nokunqoba okukhulu kobuciko base-Italy. Futhi ngempela, uma ucabanga ngaye, uqhathanisa ngokuzenzakalelayo umculo ohlanzekile nohloniphekile owadala ngobuciko babadwebi, abadwebi bezakhiwo kanye nabadwebi beRenaissance. Ngokulula okuhlakaniphile kwe-sonatas yesonto, ifana nemidwebo kaLeonardo da Vinci, futhi ngamazwi akhanyayo, asuka enhliziyweni nokuvumelana kwe-sonatas yekamelo, ifana no-Raphael.

Phakathi nokuphila kwakhe, uCorelli wayejabulela udumo emhlabeni wonke. Kuperin, Handel, J.-S. wakhothama phambi kwakhe. I-Bach; izizukulwane zamaviolinist zafunda kuma-sonatas akhe. Ku-Handel, ama-sonata akhe abe yisibonelo somsebenzi wakhe; U-Bach waboleka kuye izingqikithi zamafugue futhi wayemkweleta okuningi ngomculo omnandi wesitayela se-violin semisebenzi yakhe.

UCorelli wazalwa ngoFebhuwari 17, 1653 edolobheni elincane laseRomagna Fusignano, eliphakathi nendawo phakathi kweRavenna neBologna. Abazali bakhe babengabenani lezakhamuzi ezifundile nezicebile zedolobha. Phakathi kokhokho bakaCorelli kwakukhona abapristi abaningi, odokotela, ososayensi, abameli, izimbongi, kodwa akekho noyedwa umculi!

Ubaba kaCorelli washona inyanga ngaphambi kokuzalwa kuka-Arcangelo; kanye nabafowabo abane abadala, wakhuliswa unina. Lapho indodana iqala ukukhula, unina wayiyisa eFaenza ukuze umpristi wendawo ayifundise umculo wokuqala. Amakilasi aqhubeka eLugo, kwase kuba seBologna, lapho uCorelli agcina khona ngo-1666.

Ulwazi lwe-biography mayelana nalesi sikhathi sokuphila kwakhe luyindlala kakhulu. Kuyaziwa kuphela ukuthi e-Bologna wafunda nomdlali wevayolini u-Giovanni Benvenuti.

Iminyaka yokufunda kukaCorelli yaqondana nokuchuma kwesikole sevayolini saseBolognese. Umsunguli wayo, u-Ercole Gaibara, wayenguthisha kaGiovanni Benvenuti noLeonardo Brugnoli, amakhono akhe aphezulu ayengeke abe nethonya elinamandla kumculi osemusha. U-Arcangelo Corelli wayephila ngesikhathi sabameleli abakhaliphile kangaka be-violin yaseBolognese njengoGiuseppe Torelli, uGiovanni Battista Bassani (1657-1716) noGiovanni Battista Vitali (1644-1692) nabanye.

I-Bologna yayidumile hhayi kuphela ngama-violinists. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uDomenico Gabrielli wabeka izisekelo zomculo we-cello solo. Kwakukhona ama-academy amane edolobheni - imiphakathi yamakhonsathi omculo eyaheha ochwepheshe nezimfundamakhwela emihlanganweni yabo. Kwesinye sazo - i-Philharmonic Academy, eyasungulwa ngo-1650, u-Corelli wamukelwa njengelungu eligcwele eneminyaka engu-17 ubudala.

Lapho uCorelli wayehlala khona kusukela ngo-1670 kuya ku-1675 akucaci. Umlando wakhe uyaphikisana. J.-J. URousseau ubika ukuthi ngo-1673 uCorelli wavakashela eParis nokuthi lapho waba nokungqubuzana okukhulu noLully. Umbhali wempilo yabantu uPencherle uyaphika uRousseau, ethi uCorelli akakaze aye eParis. UPadre Martini, ongomunye wabaculi abadume kakhulu bekhulu lesi-XNUMX, uphakamisa ukuthi uCorelli uchithe le minyaka eFusignano, "kodwa wanquma, ukuze anelise isifiso sakhe esijulile futhi, evumela ukuphikelela kwabangane abaningi abathandekayo, ukuya eRoma, lapho afunda khona ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukaPietro Simonelli odumile, ngokwamukela imithetho ye-counterpoint kalula kakhulu, ngenxa yokuthi waba umqambi omuhle kakhulu futhi ophelele.

UCorelli wathuthela eRoma ngo-1675. Isimo lapho sasinzima kakhulu. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX nele-XNUMX, i-Italy yayidlula enkathini yezimpi ezinonya futhi yayilahlekelwa ukubaluleka kwayo kwezombusazwe. Ukwandiswa kwabangeneleli abavela e-Austria, eFrance, naseSpain kwenezelwa ezingxabanweni zombango zangaphakathi. Ukuhlukana kwezwe, izimpi eziqhubekayo zabangela ukuncipha kwezohwebo, ukuntengantenga komnotho, kanye nokuba mpofu kwezwe. Ezindaweni eziningi, ukugunyazwa kwamakhosi kwabuyiselwa, abantu babubula ngenxa yezicelo ezingabekezeleleki.

Ukusabela kwabefundisi kwenezelwe ekuphenduleni kwe-feudal. UbuKatolika bazama ukubuyisela amandla abo angaphambili ethonya ezingqondweni. Ngomfutho okhethekile, ukungqubuzana kwezenhlalo kwazibonakalisa ngokuqondile eRome, isikhungo sobuKatolika. Kodwa-ke, enhloko-dolobha kwakukhona ama-opera amahle nemidlalo yaseshashalazini, imibuthano yemibhalo neyomculo nama-salon. Yiqiniso, iziphathimandla zabefundisi zabacindezela. Ngo-1697, ngomyalo kaPapa Innocent XII, indlu ye-opera enkulu kunazo zonke e-Rome, i-Tor di Nona, yavalwa “njengeziphethe kabi”.

Imizamo yesonto yokuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwesiko lezwe ayizange iholele emiphumeleni oyifunayo - impilo yomculo yaqala ukugxila kuphela emakhaya abaxhasi. Futhi phakathi kwabefundisi umuntu wayengahlangana nabantu abafundile ababehlukaniswa umbono wezwe wesintu futhi ababengahlanganyeli nhlobo ukuthambekela okubekela imingcele kwesonto. Ababili kubo - Cardinals Panfili kanye no-Ottoboni - babambe iqhaza elibalulekile empilweni kaCorelli.

ERoma, uCorelli washeshe wathola isikhundla esiphakeme nesiqinile. Ekuqaleni, wasebenza njengomdlali we-violini wesibili ku-orchestra yaseshashalazini iTor di Nona, wabe esengowesithathu kwabane abashaya ivayolini eqenjini le-French Church of St. Nokho, akazange ahlale isikhathi eside esikhundleni se-violinist wesibili. NgoJanuwari 6, 1679, eCapranica Theatre, waqhuba umsebenzi womngane wakhe umqambi uBernardo Pasquini "Dove e amore e pieta". Ngalesi sikhathi, usevele ehlolwa njengomdlali wevayolini omangalisayo, ongenakuqhathaniswa. Amazwi ka-abbot F. Raguenay angaba ubufakazi balokho okuye kwashiwo: “Ngabona eRoma,” kubhala u-abbot, “kwi-opera efanayo, uCorelli, uPasquini noGaetano, labo, ngokuqinisekile, abanevayolini engcono kakhulu. , i-harpsichord ne-orbo emhlabeni.”

Kungenzeka ukuthi kusukela ngo-1679 kuya ku-1681 uCorelli wayeseJalimane. Lokhu kucabangela kuvezwa nguM. Pencherl, ngokusekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi kule minyaka uCorelli wayengafakwanga ohlwini njengesisebenzi seqembu le-orchestra yesonto laseSt. Imithombo ehlukahlukene isho ukuthi wayeseMunich, wasebenzela uMbusi waseBavaria, wavakashela eHeidelberg naseHanover. Kodwa-ke, uPencherl uyanezela, abukho kulobu bufakazi obufakazelwe.

Kunoma yikuphi, kusukela ngo-1681, uCorelli ubeseRome, evame ukwenza enye yezindawo zokucwala ezikhazimulayo zenhloko-dolobha yase-Italy - i-salon yeNdlovukazi yaseSweden uChristina. “Idolobha Laphakade,” kubhala uPencherl, “ngalesosikhathi lalikhungethwe igagasi lokuzijabulisa kwezwe. Izindlu zezicukuthwane zaziqhudelana zodwa ngokwemikhosi ehlukahlukene, imidlalo yamahlaya ne-opera, ama-virtuosos. Phakathi kwabaxhasi abanjengoPrince Ruspoli, Constable of Columns, Rospigliosi, Cardinal Savelli, Duchess of Bracciano, Christina waseSweden kwagqama, okwathi, naphezu kokuthunjwa kwakhe, wagcina lonke ithonya lakhe elimangalisayo. Wayehlukaniswa ngokuvela kwakhe, ukuzimela kobuntu, ukuchuma kwengqondo nobuhlakani; wayevame ukubizwa ngokuthi "iNorthern Pallas".

UChristina wazinza eRoma ngo-1659 futhi wazungeza abaculi, ababhali, ososayensi, abaculi. Enemali eningi, wahlela imikhosi emikhulu ePalazzo Riario yakhe. Iningi lemibhalo yokuphila kukaCorelli ikhuluma ngeholide eyalinikwa yena ehlonipha inxusa lamaNgisi elafika eRoma ngo-1687 lizoxoxisana nopapa egameni leNkosi uJames II, owayefuna ukubuyisela ubuKatolika eNgilandi. Lo mgubho ubuhanjelwe abaculi abangu-100 kanye ne-orchestra yezinsimbi ezingu-150, eholwa nguCorelli. UCorelli wanikezela incwadi yakhe yokuqala ephrintiwe, ethi Twelve Church Trio Sonatas, eyanyatheliswa ngo-1681, kuChristina waseSweden.

UCorelli akazange ayishiye i-orchestra yesonto laseSt. wadlulela enkonzweni kaKhadinali Ottoboni. Umshana kaPapa u-Alexander VIII waseVenice, u-Ottoboni wayeyindoda efunde kakhulu ngesikhathi sakhe, enolwazi lomculo nezinkondlo, futhi engumuntu ophanayo. Wabhala i-opera ethi “II Colombo obero l'India scoperta” (1708), kwathi u-Alessandro Scarlatti wadala i-opera ethi “Statira” ku-freetto yakhe.

“Uma ngikutshela iqiniso,” kubhala uBlainville, “izingubo zobufundisi azimfanele neze uKhadinali Ottoboni, obukeka ecwengekile futhi ekhaliphile futhi, ngokusobala, uzimisele ukushintsha abefundisi bakhe athathe ezezwe. U-Ottoboni uthanda izinkondlo, umculo kanye nomphakathi wabantu abafundile. Njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-14 uhlela imihlangano (izikhungo zemfundo ephakeme) lapho ababhishobhi nezazi behlangana khona, nalapho uQuintus Sectanus, owaziwa ngelikaMonsignor Segardi, edlala indima enkulu. Ubungcwele Bakhe buphinde bugcine ngezindleko zakhe abaculi abahamba phambili nabanye abaculi, okukhona phakathi kwabo u-Arcangelo Corelli odumile.

Indlu yesonto likakhadinali yayinabaculi abangaphezu kuka-30; ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukaCorelli, isithuthuke yaba iqoqo lesigaba sokuqala. Efuna futhi ezwela, u-Arcangelo wazuza ukunemba okukhethekile komdlalo kanye nobunye bokushaywa, okwakuvele kungajwayelekile ngokuphelele. “Wayemisa i-orchestra ngokushesha nje lapho ebona ukuchezuka okungenani komnsalo owodwa,” kukhumbula umfundi wakhe uGeminiani. Abantu ababephila ngesikhathi bakhuluma nge-orchestra yase-Ottoboni ngokuthi “isimangaliso somculo”.

Ngo-April 26, 1706, uCorelli wangeniswa e-Academy of Arcadia, eyasungulwa eRoma ngo-1690 - ukuze avikele futhi adumise izinkondlo ezidumile kanye nokukhuluma. I-Arcadia, eyahlanganisa izikhulu namaciko ebuzalwaneni obungokomoya, yabalwa phakathi kwamalungu ayo u-Alessandro Scarlatti, u-Arcangelo Corelli, uBernardo Pasquini, uBenedetto Marcello.

“I-orchestra enkulu edlalwa e-Arcadia ngaphansi kwenduku kaCorelli, Pasquini noma uScarlatti. Yazitika ekuthuthukiseni izinkondlo nomculo, okwabangela imincintiswano yobuciko phakathi kwezimbongi nabaculi.

Kusukela ngo-1710, uCorelli wayeka ukudlala futhi wahlanganyela kuphela ekubunjweni, esebenza ekudalweni kwe "Concerti Grossi". Ekupheleni kuka-1712, washiya isigodlo sase-Ottoboni wathuthela endlini yakhe yangasese, lapho agcina khona izinto zakhe siqu, izinsimbi zomculo kanye neqoqo eliningi lemidwebo (imidwebo engu-136 nemidwebo), equkethe imidwebo kaTrevisani, Maratti, Brueghel, Poussin. izindawo zokuhlala, Madonna Sassoferrato. U-Corelli wayefunde kakhulu futhi engungcweti wokudweba.

NgoJanuwari 5, 1713, wabhala incwadi yefa, eshiya umdwebo kaBrueghel kuKhadinali Colonne, omunye wemidwebo ayikhethele uKhadinali Ottoboni, nazo zonke izinsimbi nemibhalo yesandla yezingoma zakhe kumfundi wakhe amthandayo uMatteo Farnari. Akazange akhohlwe ukunikeza impesheni yokuphila okuncane ezincekwini zakhe uPippo (Philippa Graziani) nodadewabo u-Olympia. UCorelli washona ngobusuku bango-January 8, 1713. “Ukufa kwakhe kwadabukisa iRoma nomhlaba. Ngokugcizelela kuka-Ottoboni, uCorelli ungcwatshwa ePantheon yaseSanta Maria della Rotunda njengomunye wabaculi abakhulu e-Italy.

“UCorelli umqambi noCorelli the virtuoso abahlukene phakathi,” kubhala isazi-mlando somculo waseSoviet uK. Rosenshield. “Zombili ziqinisekise isitayela se-classicism esisezingeni eliphezulu kubuciko be-violin, okuhlanganisa ubungqabavu obujulile bomculo nokuvumelana kwefomu, imizwa yesiNtaliyane nokubusa okuphelele kwesiqalo esinengqondo, esinengqondo.”

Ezincwadini zaseSoviet mayelana neCorelli, ukuxhumana okuningi komsebenzi wakhe nezingoma zomdabu nemidanso kuyaphawulwa. Kuma-gigues of chamber sonatas, kuzwakala isigqi semidanso yesintu, futhi edume kakhulu yevayolin yakhe eyedwa, i-Folia, igcwele ingqikithi yengoma yomdabu yase-Spanish-Portuguese ekhuluma ngothando olungajabulisi.

Omunye umkhakha wezithombe zomculo uhlotshiswe nge-Corelli ohlotsheni lwe-sonatas yesonto. Le misebenzi yakhe igcwele ama-pathos amakhulu, futhi izinhlobo ezacile ze-fugue allegro zilindele ama-fugues ka-J.-S. Bach. NjengoBach, u-Corelli ulandisa kuma-sonatas mayelana nokuhlangenwe nakho okujulile kwabantu. Umbono wakhe wezwe wobuntu awuzange umvumele ukuthi abeke umsebenzi wakhe ngaphansi kwezisusa zenkolo.

UCorelli wayehlukaniswa yizidingo ezikhethekile emculweni awuqambile. Nakuba aqala ukufunda ukwakheka emuva ngeminyaka yama-70s ekhulwini lesi-6 futhi wasebenza ngokujulile ukuphila kwakhe konke, nokho, kukho konke akubhala, washicilela umjikelezo owodwa kuphela (opus 1-6), owakha isakhiwo esivumelanayo sakhe. ifa lokudala: 12 isonto i-sonatas yesonto (1681); 12 chamber trio sonatas (1685); ngo-12 isonto lama-sonatas amathathu (1689); 12 chamber trio sonatas (1694); iqoqo le-sonatas ye-violin solo ene-bass - isonto le-6 ne-6 chamber (1700) ne-12 Grand Concertos (i-concerto grosso) - isonto le-6 ne-6 chamber (1712).

Lapho imibono yobuciko ikufuna, u-Corelli akazange ayeke ekwephuleni imithetho egunyaziwe. Iqoqo lesibili le-sonatas yakhe emithathu yabangela impikiswano phakathi kwabaculi baseBolognese. Abaningi babo babhikishela “okunqatshelwe” okufanayo kwengxenye yesihlanu esetshenziswa lapho. Ephendula incwadi edidekile eyayibhalelwe yena, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi wakwenza ngamabomu, uCorelli waphendula ngokungananazi futhi wasola abaphikisi bakhe ngokungayazi imithetho eyisisekelo yokuvumelana: “Angiboni ukuthi ulwazi lwabo lwezingoma nokuguquguquka okukhulu kangakanani, ngoba uma banyakaziswa kwezobuciko futhi baqonda ubuqili nokujula kwako, bazokwazi ukuthi kuyini ukuvumelana nokuthi kungathakatha kanjani, kuphakamise umoya womuntu, futhi bekungeke kube yinto encane kangako - ikhwalithi evame ukukhiqizwa ukungazi.

Isitayela sama-sonata ka-Corelli manje sibonakala sivinjelwe futhi siqinile. Nokho, phakathi nokuphila komqambi, imisebenzi yakhe yabonwa ngendlela ehlukile. Ama-sonata ase-Italy “Amazing! imizwa, umcabango kanye nomphefumulo, – uRaguenay wabhala kulo msebenzi ocashuniwe, – abadlali bevayolini abawenzayo bangaphansi kwamandla abo ahlabayo; bahlukumeza amavayolini abo. njengokungathi uphethwe.”

Uma sibheka iningi le-biography, u-Corelli wayenomlingiswa olinganiselayo, owazibonakalisa emdlalweni. Nokho, uHawkins kwethi The History of Music uyabhala: “Indoda ethile eyayibona idlala yathi phakathi nomdlalo amehlo ayo agcwala igazi, aba bomvu njengomlilo, futhi abafundi bazungeza njengokungathi basezinhlungwini.” Kunzima ukukholelwa incazelo enjalo “enemibalabala,” kodwa mhlawumbe kunohlamvu lweqiniso kuyo.

U-Hawkins ulandisa ukuthi lapho eseseRoma, u-Corelli akakwazanga ukudlala iphaseji ku-Handel's Concerto grosso. “U-Handel wazama ukuchazela uCorelli, umholi we-orchestra, indlela yokucula futhi, ekugcineni, waphelelwa isineke, wahlwitha ivayolini ezandleni zakhe futhi wayidlala ngokwakhe. Khona-ke uCorelli wamphendula ngendlela ehloniphekile: “Kodwa, Saxon othandekayo, lona umculo wesitayela sesiFulentshi, engingawazi kahle.” Eqinisweni, i-overture ethi “Trionfo del tempo” yadlalwa, ebhalwe ngendlela yekhonsathi kaCorelli grosso, enamavayolini amabili eyedwa. Ngempela i-Handelian isemandleni, yayingavamile endleleni ezolile, nenhle yokudlala kukaCorelli “futhi akakwazanga” ukuhlasela “ngamandla anele la mavesi adumayo.”

UPencherl uchaza elinye icala elifanayo noCorelli, elingaqondwa kuphela ngokukhumbula ezinye zezici zesikole sevayolini saseBolognese. Njengoba kushiwo, i-Bolognese, kuhlanganise ne-Corelli, yanciphisa ububanzi be-violin ezindaweni ezintathu futhi yenza ngamabomu ngenxa yesifiso sokuletha insimbi eduze nomsindo wezwi lomuntu. Ngenxa yalokhu, uCorelli, umculi omkhulu kunabo bonke ngesikhathi sakhe, wayephethe i-violin phakathi kwezikhundla ezintathu kuphela. Ngesinye isikhathi wamenywa eNaples, egcekeni lenkosi. Ekhonsathini, wanikezwa ukuthi adlale indima ye-violin ku-opera ka-Alessandro Scarlatti, eyayiqukethe indawo enezikhundla eziphezulu, futhi uCorelli akakwazanga ukudlala. Ngokudideka, waqala i-aria elandelayo esikhundleni sika-C minor ku-C enkulu. “Asikwenze futhi,” kusho uScarlatti. U-Corelli waqala futhi enkulumweni enkulu, futhi umqambi wamphazamisa futhi. "U-Corelli ompofu wayenamahloni kangangokuthi wakhetha ukubuyela eRoma buthule."

UCorelli wayenesizotha kakhulu empilweni yakhe yangasese. Okuwukuphela kwengcebo yendawo yakhe yokuhlala kwakuyiqoqo lemidwebo namathuluzi, kodwa impahla yayihlanganisa isihlalo sobukhosi nezihlalo, amatafula amane, elinye lawo laliyi-alabaster ngesitayela sasempumalanga, umbhede olula ongenawo umbhede, i-altare elinesiphambano kanye namabili. izifuba zamakhabethe. I-Handel ibika ukuthi uCorelli wayevame ukugqoka ezimnyama, egqoke ijazi elimnyama, njalo ehamba futhi ebhikisha uma enikezwa inqola.

Impilo kaCorelli, ngokuvamile, yahamba kahle. Waqashelwa, wajabulela ukuhlonishwa nokuhlonishwa. Ngisho nalapho esebenzela abaxhasi, akazange aphuze indebe ebabayo, isibonelo, eya eMozart. Bobabili u-Panfili no-Ottoboni baphenduke abantu abamazisa kakhulu leli ciko elingajwayelekile. U-Ottoboni wayengumngane omkhulu kaCorelli nomndeni wakhe wonke. UPencherle ucaphuna izincwadi zikakhadinali eziya kummeli waseFerrara, lapho acela khona usizo kubazalwane baka-Arcangelo, abangamalungu omndeni awuthanda ngokushiseka nangesisa esikhethekile. Ezungezwe uzwela nokutuswa, evikelekile ngokwezimali, uCorelli wayekwazi ukuzinikela ngokuthula ekudaleni ingxenye enkulu yokuphila kwakhe.

Kuncane kakhulu okungashiwo mayelana nokufundisa kukaCorelli, kodwa nokho kusobala ukuthi wayenguthisha osezingeni eliphezulu. Ama-violinists aphawulekayo afunda ngaphansi kwakhe, okwathi engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu le-1697 enza inkazimulo yobuciko be-violin yase-Italy - uPietro Locatelli, uFrancisco Geminiani, uGiovanni Battista Somis. Cishe ngo-XNUMX, omunye wabafundi bakhe abadumile, i-English Lord Edinhomb, wethula isithombe sikaCorelli esivela kumdwebi u-Hugo Howard. Lesi ukuphela kwesithombe esikhona somdlali wevayolini omkhulu. Izici ezinkulu zobuso bakhe zinobukhosi futhi zizolile, zinesibindi futhi ziyaziqhenya. Ngakho wayekhona empilweni, elula futhi eqhosha, enesibindi futhi enobuntu.

L. Raaben